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1) ÀӺο¡ ºñŸ¹ÎA(·¹Æ¼³î)¸¦ 1ÀÏ 5, ,000IU ÀÌ»ó Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼±Ãµ¼º ±âÇüÀ» À¯¹ßÇÒ À§Çè    ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀӽŠ3°³¿ù À̳» ¶Ç´Â ÀÓ½ÅÇÑ °¡´É¼º ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀο¡´Â ºñŸ¹ÎA¸¦ 5, ,000IU/ÀÏ ÀÌ     »ó Åõ¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. (ºñŸ¹ÎA°áÇÌÁõ ȯÀÚ´Â Á¦¿Ü) 
2) 6¼¼ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¾î¸°À̰¡ º¹¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì µ¶¼ºÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
3) ö ÇÔÀ¯Á¦Á¦´Â 6¼¼ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¾î¸°À̰¡ »ç°í·Î °ú·® º¹¿ëÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì Áßµ¶¼º »ç¸ÁÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö     ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ´êÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï º¸°üÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾î¸°À̰¡ »ç°í·Î °ú·® º¹¿ëÇÏ¿´À»     °æ¿ì, Áï½Ã Àǻ糪 ÀÀ±Þ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡ ¿¬¶ôÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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1) °úÄ®½·Ç÷Áõ(Hypercalciumia : Ç÷¾×Áß¿¡ Ä®½·ÀÌ °úÀ×À¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â »óÅÂ) ȯÀÚ, À¯À°Á¤¿ë, ½ÅÁúȯ ȯÀÚ 
2) ÀÌ ¾à ¹× ÀÌ ¾à¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¼ººÐ¿¡ °ú¹ÎÁõÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ 
3) 12°³¿ù ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ¿µ¾Æ 
4) Àª½¼¾¾º´ 
5) Ç÷»ö¼ÒÁõ(ö´ë»çÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î öÀÌ °£Àå, ÃéÀå¿¡ Ä§ÂøÇÏ´Â Áúȯ), Çì¸ð½Ãµ¥¸° Ä§ÂøÁõ, ºñö°áÇ̼º ºóÇ÷ 
6) ½Å°á¼®È¯ÀÚ 
7) ÁßÁõÀÇ ½ÅºÎÀüȯÀÚ 
8) ÀÓºÎ
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1) ÀÇ»çÀÇ Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹Þ°í Àִ ȯÀÚ 
2) ÇÞºûÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ º¸°í Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡°Ô´Â ºñŸ¹ÎD ¶Ç´Â Ä®½·ÀÇ Åõ¿©¸¦ ÇÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
3) °ú¼ö¼Ò»ê´¢ÁõȯÀÚ(Hyperoxaluria : ´¢Áß¿¡ °ú·®ÀÇ ¼ö»ê¿°ÀÌ ¹è¼³µÇ´Â »óÅÂ) 
4) ÀÓºÎ, ¼öÀ¯ºÎ 
5) ¼Òȼº±Ë¾ç, ¸¸¼º±Ë¾ç¼º´ëÀå¿°, ±¹ÇѼº´ëÀå¿° µîÀÇ À§ÀåÁúȯÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ 
6) ½ÉÀå, ¼øÈ¯±â°è ±â´ÉÀå¾Ö ȯÀÚ 
7) ½ÅÀå¾Ö ȯÀÚ 
8) Àú´Ü¹éÇ÷Áõ ȯÀÚ 
9) °½É¹è´çü¸¦ Åõ¿©ÁßÀΠȯÀÚ 
10) ÀÌ ¾àÀº Ȳ»ö 4È£(Ÿ¸£Æ®¶óÁø)¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¼ººÐ¿¡ °ú¹ÎÇϰųª ¾Ë·¹¸£±â º´·ÂÀÌÀִ ȯÀÚ¿¡´Â ½ÅÁßÈ÷ Åõ¿©ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. | 
   
  
  
  
   
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1) ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â º¹¿ëÀ» ÁßÁöÇϰí ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»ç¿Í »óÀÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
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2) ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© »ý¸®°¡ ¿¹Á¤º¸´Ù »¡¶óÁö°Å³ª ¾çÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ ¿À·¡ Áö¼ÓµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
3) ¿¡½ºÆ®·ÎÁ¨À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °æ±¸¿ë ÇÇÀÓÁ¦¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿©¼º ¶Ç´Â Ç÷Àü¼º ¼ÒÀÎÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ°¡ ºñŸ¹ÎE¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì Ç÷ÀüÁõÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ Áõ°¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
4) Àå±â°£ °í¿ë·®À» Åõ¿©ÇÒ °æ¿ì ³»¼ºÀÌ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
  
5) ÇǸ®µ¶½ÅÀ» 1ÀÏ 500mg¢¦2gÀÇ ¿ë·®À¸·Î Àå±â°£ º¹¿ëÇÏ¸é °¨°¢½Å°æº´ ¶Ç´Â ½Å°æº´Àû Áõ»ó(Neuropathy : ¸»ÃʽŰæ°èÀÇ ±â´ÉÀûÀå¾Ö ¶Ç´Â º´Àûº¯È)ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
6) ¿±»êÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ºñŸ¹ÎB12¸¦ 1ÀÏ 10§¶ ÀÌ»ó Åõ¿©ÇÒ °æ¿ì Ç÷¾×ÇÐÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
  
7) °í¿ë·®Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼Òȼº±Ë¾çÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃŰ°í ´ç³»¼º ¼Õ»ó(Glucose tolerance impairment : ½ÅüÀÇ Æ÷µµ´çÀ» ´ë»çÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀå¾Ö), °ú¿ä»êÇ÷Áõ(Hyperurisemia : Ç÷¾× Áß¿¡ ¿ä»êÀÌ °úÀ×     À¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â »óÅÂ), °£¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
8) ´ë·®Åõ¿©·Î ÀÎÇØ ±¸¿ª, ±¸Åä µîÀÇ À§ÀåÁõ»ó, °í³ªÆ®·ýÇ÷Áõ, ¿ïÇ÷¼º½ÉºÎÀü, ºÎÁ¾ µîÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ     ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
9) Àå±âÅõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °íÄ®½·Ç÷Áõ ¹× °á¼®ÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
          
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1) Á¤ÇØÁø ¿ë¹ý ¹× ¿ë·®À» Àß Áöŵ´Ï´Ù. 
2) 1°³¿ù Á¤µµ Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿©µµ Áõ»óÀÇ °³¼±ÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»ç¿Í »ó´ãÇϽʽÿÀ.  
3) º¹¿ë ½Ã ÀÇ»ç, ÇÑÀÇ»ç, ¾à»ç¿Í »óÀÇÇÏ¿© º¹¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
4) ÀÌ ¾à¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ ºñŸ¹ÎA´Â Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ½ÄÀÌ¿¡¼ ÃæºÐÈ÷ °ø±ÞµÇ¹Ç·Î º¸Á¶¿ä¹ýÀÇ ¿ë·®Àº 1ÀÏ     5, ,000IU ÀÌ»óÀ» ³ÑÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. | 
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  		
  
  
   
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      Á¾ÇÕºñŸ¹Î/¹Ì³×¶ö (Multivitamins / with Minerals)
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    Multivitamins and other minerals, incl. combinations  / A11AA03
     
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    Ascorbic Acid¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
Folic acid¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
gamma-Oryzanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
  Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do  | 
   
  
   
    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium.   The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium.  Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis.  The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.
  Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, in mineralization of bone, and for the assimilation of Vitamin A. The classical manifestations of vitamin D deficiency is rickets, which is seen in children and results in bony deformaties including bowed long bones. Deficiency in adults leads to the disease osteomalacia. Both rickets and osteomalacia reflect impaired mineralization of newly synthesized bone matrix, and usually result from a combination of inadequate exposure to sunlight and decreased dietary intake of vitamin D. Common causes of vitamin D deficiency include genetic defects in the vitamin D receptor, severe liver or kidney disease, and insufficient exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining calcium balance and in the regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH). It promotes renal reabsorption of calcium, increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and increases calcium and phosphorus mobilization from bone to plasma. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 24A1 (CYP24A1)Cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1) 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Readily absorbed 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
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-    °æ±¸ : ÃÖ´ëÈí¼ö·® : 8-15 mg/day
 
 -    ±ÙÀ°ÁÖ»ç : ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°í ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
   
 - ºÐÆ÷ : Ãּҿ䱸·® (¾à 1 mg/day)À» Ãʰú ¼·Ãë½Ã Á¶Á÷ ÀúÀå¿¡ Æ÷Ȱ¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
 
 - ¼Ò½Ç : °úÀ× ¼·ÃëµÈ ¾çÀº ´¢¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
   
 Magnesium OxideÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
-  Èí¼ö : °øÀå, ȸÀå¿¡¼ ´Éµ¿, ¼öµ¿ Èí¼ö
 
 -  »çÇÏÀÛ¿ë ¹ßÇö : 4-8 ½Ã°£ 
 
 - ÃѴܹé°áÇÕÀ² : 33%
 
 -  ¼Ò½Ç : Èí¼öµÈ ¸¶±×³×½·Àº ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ½ÅÀå ¹è¼³, Èí¼öµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸¶±×³×½·Àº ´ëº¯ ¹è¼³
   
 
	 Tocopherol Acetate 50%ÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : 
	
	- ¼ÒÀåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èí¼öµÇ´Â µ¥¿¡´Â ´ãÁóÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
	
 - Èí¼ö ÀúÇÏ : Èí¼öÀå¾Ö ȯÀÚ, ÀúüÁß ¹Ì¼÷¾Æ, °í¿ë·® Åõ¿©
	
 - À¯ÈÁ¦Á¦º¸´Ù ¼ö¿ë¼º Á¦Á¦°¡ ´õ Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
	
  
 - ºÐÆ÷ : ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷¿¡ ºÐÆ÷Çϸç, ƯÈ÷ Áö¹æÁ¶Á÷¿¡ °í³óµµ·Î ºÐÆ÷Çϰí ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
 - ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ glucuronides Æ÷ÇÕ
 - ¼Ò½Ç : ÁÖ·Î ´ãÁóÀ» ÅëÇØ (70-80%) ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
  
 Cyanocobalamin 0.1%ÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- Èí¼ö : 
	
	- °æ±¸ Åõ¿©½Ã ¼ÒÀå ¿øÀ§ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
	
 - ´Éµ¿ Èí¼ö¿¡´Â IF¿ÍÀÇ º¹ÇÕü Çü¼ºÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ̸ç, Àå°üº®À» ÅëÇØ ¼öµ¿ Èí¼öµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
	
 - À§, ȸÀå¿¡ ±¸Á¶Àû ¼Õ»óÀ̳ª ±â´ÉÀû ¼Õ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì Èí¼ö°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.
	
  
 
 - ºÐÆ÷ : 
	
	- À§¿¡¼ À§Á¡¸·¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐºñµÇ´Â ´ç´Ü¹éÀÎ IF (intrinsic factor)¿¡ °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
	
 - Àå°ü Á¡¸·¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡¼ vitamin B12-IF º¹ÇÕü·ÎºÎÅÍ vitamin B12°¡ À¯¸®µÈ ÈÄ, Ç÷¾× ³»¿¡¼ ÁַΠƯÀÌÀûÀÎ ¥â-globulin ¼ö¼Û´Ü¹éÁúÀÎ transcobalamin II¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
	
 - °£, °ñ¼ö ¹× ŹÝÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ±âŸ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ºÐÆ÷Çϸç, ÁÖ·Î °£ (50-90%)¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
	
  
 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : ÁÖ·Î transcobalamin II¿Í °áÇÕÇϸç, ¼Ò·®Àº transcobalamin I (¥á-glycoproteinÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾) ¹× transcobalamin III (inter-¥á-glycoproteinÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾)°ú °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
  - ´ë»ç : Àå°£¼øÈ¯
 - ¼Ò½Ç : 
	
	- Vitamin B12¸¦ Åõ¿©¹Þ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¤»óÀÎ : ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÌ ´ãÁó ¹è¼³ ÈÄ Àå°£¼øÈ¯ÇÑ´Ù.
		
		- ÀÏÀÏ turnover rate : ü³» ÃÑÀúÀå·®ÀÇ 0.05-0.2% (¹üÀ§ : 0.4-8 ¥ìg)
		
 - ÀÏÀÏ ½Å¹è¼³·®Àº ´ë°³ 0.25 ¥ìg ÀÌÇÏ
		
  
	 - Vitamin B12¸¦ Åõ¿©¹Þ´Â °æ¿ì : 0.1-1 mg ±ÙÀ°ÁÖ»ç ¶Ç´Â Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç ÈÄ 48½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ 50-90%°¡ ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
	
  
   Ascorbic Acid CoatedÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- Èí¼ö : 
	
	- ¼ÒÀå¿¡¼ °ÅÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
	
 - Èí¼ö´Â ´Éµ¿¼ö¼ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÌ¶ó ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù.  (°í¿ë·®¿¡¼ Èí¼ö Æ÷È)
	
  
 - ºÐÆ÷ : ³Î¸® ºÐÆ÷
 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : ¾à 25%
 - ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ »êÈ ¹× Ȳ»ê Æ÷ÇÕ µîÀ¸·Î ´ë»çµÈ´Ù.
 - ¹Ý°¨±â : 16ÀÏ
	
 - Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : Á¤»ó ¼ºÀÎ : 2-3 ½Ã°£
 - ¼Ò½Ç :
	
 
	- ÁÖ ¹è¼³ °æ·Î´Â ½ÅÀå ¹× ´ãÁóÀÌ´Ù.
	
 - ½Å¹è¼³Àº ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ¸·Î, Åõ¿©·®ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¸é ½Å¹è¼³·® ¹× ¼Óµµ°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
	
  
  
 Retinol Palmitate GranuleÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- Èí¼ö : 
	
	- RetinolÀº ¼ÒÀå¿¡¼ Èí¼öµÇ¸ç retinoic acid´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ» ÅëÇØ Àü½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
	
 - »ý¸®Àû º¸Ãæ·®ÀÇ ¿ë·® ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼´Â Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
	
 - À¯È Á¦Á¦º¸´Ù ¼ö¿ë¼º Á¦Á¦°¡ º¸´Ù ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
	
 - °í¿ë·®, ÁöÁú Èí¼öÀå¾Ö, Àú´Ü¹é½ÄÀÌ, °£Áúȯ, ÃéÀå Áúȯ¿¡¼´Â Èí¼ö°¡ ÀúÇϵȴÙ.
	
 - ¸²ÇÁÀÇ chylomicrons¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °£À¸·Î ¼ö¼ÛµÈ´Ù.
	
  
 - ºÐÆ÷ : 
	
	- °£¿¡ °í³óµµ·Î ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. (¾à 2³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¿ä±¸·®ÀÌ °£¿¡ ÀúÀåµÊ)
	
 - À¯Áó ºÐºñ
	
 - RBP (retinol-binding protein)¿¡ °áÇÕµÈ retinolÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π°£À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿î¹ÝµÈ´Ù.
	
  
 - ´ë»ç : glucuronide Æ÷ÇÕ, Àå°£¼øÈ¯
 - ¼Ò½Ç : ´ãÁóÀ» ÅëÇØ ´ëº¯À¸·Î ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
  
 Cholecalciferol granuleÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
 - ºÐÆ÷ : Èí¼ö ÈÄ chylomicronsÀ» ÅëÇØ Ç÷ÁßÀ¸·Î ¼ö¼ÛµÇ¸ç, ÁÖ·Î °£¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ°í ±âŸ Áö¹æ, ±ÙÀ°, ÇǺΠ¹× °ñ Á¶Á÷ µî¿¡µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.
 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : ÁÖ·Î vitamin D-binding ¥á-globulin¿¡ °áÇÕÇϸç albumin°úµµ °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
 - ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ vitamin D 25-hydroxylase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 25-[OH] D·Î ´ë»çµÈ ÈÄ, ½ÅÀå¿¡¼ vitamin D 1-hydroxylase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ȱ¼ºÇüÀÎ 1,25-[OH]2 D·Î ´ë»çµÈ´Ù.
 - ¹Ý°¨±â : vitamin D : Ç÷Àå ³»¿¡¼ 19-25 ½Ã°£
 - ¼Ò½Ç : ÁÖ·Î ´ãÁó ¹× ´ëº¯À» ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÇ¸ç ¼Ò·®Àº ´¢¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
  
 NicotinamideÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- ÀÛ¿ë¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : pellagra : 24½Ã°£
 - Èí¼ö : À§Àå°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
 - ºÐÆ÷ : 
	
	- ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ºÐÆ÷ÇÑ´Ù.
	
 - ÅÂ¾Æ ¹× ½Å»ý¾Æ¿¡¼ÀÇ ³óµµ°¡ ¸ðüÀÇ ³óµµº¸´Ù ³ô´Ù.
	
  
 - ´ë»ç : °£´ë»ç
	
	- Nicotinamide´Â »ýü ³»¿¡¼ niacinÀÇ ´ë»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ Çü¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
	
 - Dietrich pathway¸¦ ÅëÇØ È¿¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î NAD ¹× NADP·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù.
	
  
 - ¹Ý°¨±â : 45ºÐ
 - Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : 20-70ºÐ
 - ¼Ò½Ç : ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ìº¯Èü ¹× ´ë»çü·Î¼ ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.  (»ý¸®Àû ¿ë·®¿¡¼´Â ¼Ò·®¸¸ÀÌ ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ³ª °í¿ë·® Åõ¿©½Ã ÁÖ·Î ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.)
  
 Calcium hydrogen phosphateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°üÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ¿ÂÈ ÇüÅ·ΠÈí¼öµÇ¸ç ºñŸ¹Î D°¡ ÇÊ¿ä ; »ê¼º¿¡¼ Èí¼öÁõ°¡
 - »ýü³»ÀÌ¿ë·ü : 4-45 % ; Á¦Á¦¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù.
  
 - À½½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¿µÇâ : Ä®½·Èí¼ö(10-30 %)Áõ°¡
		¼¶À¯¼Ò°¡ ¸¹Àº À½½ÄÀº À§Àå°ü ¹èÃâ½Ã°£À» Áöü½ÃÄÑ Ä®½·Èí¼ö¸¦ ÀúÇϽÃÅ´  
 - ºÐÆ÷ : ŹÝÅë°ú; À¯ÁóºÐºñ
  
 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 45 %
  
 - ¼Ò½Ç : Èí¼öµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº Ä®½·Àº ÁÖ·Î º¯À¸·Î ¹è¼³
	½Å¹è¼³ :  20 % (50-300 mg/day) 
   
 Riboflavin phosphate sodiumÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- Èí¼ö : 
	
	- À§Àå°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
	
 - À½½Ä¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Èí¼ö¾çÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
	
 - °£¿°, °£°æÈ, ´ã°üÆó»öÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ Èí¼ö°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.
	
  
 - ºÐÆ÷ : ü³» ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷¿¡ ³Î¸® ºÐÆ÷ÇÑ´Ù.
 - ¹Ý°¨±â : 
	
	- Ãʱ⠻ó : 1.4 ½Ã°£
	
 - ¸»±â »ó : 14½Ã°£
	
  
 - ¼Ò½Ç : ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ´Â ¾çÀº ¾à 9%ÀÌ´Ù.
  
 Pyridoxine HClÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
 - ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ 4-pyridoxic acid·Î ´ë»çµÈ´Ù.
 - ¹Ý°¨±â : 15-20ÀÏ
 - Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : °æ±¸ : 1.25 ½Ã°£
 - ¼Ò½Ç : 4-pyridoxic acid·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ¸ç, ¼Ò·® (¾à 2%)Àº ´ãÁóÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
  
 Folic AcidÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
	- ÃÖ°íÈ¿°ú ¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : 0.5-1½Ã°£ ³»·Î ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
	
 - Èí¼ö : ¼ÒÀåÀÇ ±ÙÀ§ºÎºÐ(proximal part)¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.
  
 Ursodesoxycholic AcidÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
-  È¿°ú ¹ßÇö ½Ã±â : °æ±¸ : ´ã¼®¿ëÇØ : 3-6 °³¿ù
 
 -  Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : 90% Èí¼ö
 
 -  ÃÊȸÅë°ú È¿°ú : 50-75 %
 
 -  ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 96-99 %
 
 -  ´ë»ç : Àå°£¼øÈ¯ : °£¿¡¼ glycine, taurineÀ¸·Î Æ÷ÇÕµÇ¸ç °£´ãµµ·Î ºÐºñµÈ´Ù.
		   Àå°üÀÇ ¼¼±ÕÃÑ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àç¼øÈ¯µÇ°Å³ª lithocholic acid·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù.
  
 -  ¼Ò½Ç : ´ëº¯¹è¼³ (lithocholic acid·Î ¹è¼³), ´¢¹è¼³ (°ÅÀÇ ¹è¼³µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ½)
 
         °£¿¡¼ Æ÷ÇÕ, °£´ãµµ·Î ºÐºñµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ ´ã³¶¿¡ ³óÃàµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°¡ À½½Ä¹° ¼·Ãë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Åü¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´ã³¶ÀÌ ¼öÃàµÇ¸é ´ãµµ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ½ÊÀÌÁöÀåÀ¸·Î ºÐºñµÈ´Ù.
  
 -  ¹Ý°¨±â : 100 ½Ã°£
 
  
     | 
   
  
   
    | Toxicity | 
    
       Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Hypercalcemia - Early symptoms of hypercalcemia, include nausea and vomiting, weakness, headache, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation, metallic taste, muscle pain and bone pain. Late symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia, include polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, weight loss, nocturia, conjunctivitis, pancreatitis, photophobia, rhinorrhea, pruritis, hyperthermia, decreased libido, elevated BUN, albuminuria, hypercholesterolemia, elevated ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT), ectopic calcification, nephrocalcinosis, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alendronate	Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir	The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir	This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine	The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone	Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine	The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline	Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline	Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir	The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate	Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir	The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole	The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole	The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine	Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline	Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline	Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline	Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate	Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate	Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline	Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate	Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid	Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil	Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
  Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available 
     | 
   
  
   
    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
     | 
   
  
   
    | Description | 
    
       Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium.  Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis.  The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast.
  Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ergocalciferol in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24. [PubChem]
  fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Not Available 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule	OralLiquid	DentalLiquid	IntravenousLiquid	OralLiquid	SublingualPaste	DentalPowder	OralPowder, for solution	OralSolution	IntramuscularSolution	IntravenousSolution	OralSolution / drops	OralSyrup	OralTablet	OralTablet, chewable	Oral
  Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule	OralTablet	Oral
  fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Solution	Respiratory (inhalation) 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Category | 
    
       Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antihypocalcemic AgentsAntihypoparathyroid AgentsBone Density Conservation AgentsEssential VitaminVitaminsVitamins (Vitamin D)
  fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Not Available 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(C)CCCC(C)C1CCC2C(CCCC12C)=CC=C1CC(O)CCC1=C
  fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ [O-]C(=O)C=CC([O-])=O 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CCC\C2=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C
  fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O 
     | 
   
  
   
    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C27H44O/c1-19(2)8-6-9-21(4)25-15-16-26-22(10-7-17-27(25,26)5)12-13-23-18-24(28)14-11-20(23)3/h12-13,19,21,24-26,28H,3,6-11,14-18H2,1-2,4-5H3/t21-,24+,25-,26+,27-/m1/s1
  fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/p-2/b2-1+/fC4H2O4/q-2 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Cholecalciferol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (1S)-3-[2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol
  fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ but-2-enedioic acid 
     | 
   
    
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