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    Ethanol ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸  : Á¤º¸º¸±â  
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    Mechanism of Action 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸  Chlorhexidine's antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between chlorhexidine (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells. After chlorhexidine is absorpted onto the organism's cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸  The sedative effects of ethanol are mediated through binding to GABA receptors and glycine receptors (alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits). In its role as an anti-infective, ethanol acts as an osmolyte or dehydrating agent that disrupts the osmotic balance across cell membranes. 
     
   
  
   
    Pharmacology 
     
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸  Chlorhexidine, a topical antimicrobial agent, is bactericidal. Because of its positive charge, the chlorhexidine molecule reacts with the microbial cell surface to destroy the integrity of the cell membrane. This novel mechanism of action makes it highly unlikely for the development of bacterial resistance.Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸  Alcohol produces injury to cells by dehydration and precipitation of the cytoplasm or protoplasm. This accounts for its bacteriocidal and antifungal action. When alcohol is injected in close proximity to nerve tissues, it produces neuritis and nerve degeneration (neurolysis). Ninety to 98% of ethanol that enters the body is completely oxidized. Ethanol is also used as a cosolvent to dissolve many insoluble drugs and to serve as a mild sedative in some medicinal formulations. 
     
   
  
   
    Absorption 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸  Absorption of chlorhexidine from the gastrointestinal tract is very poor. Additionally, an in vivo study in 18 adult patients found no detectable plasma or urine chlorhexidine concentrations following insertion of four periodontal implants under clinical conditions.Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸  Rapidly absorbed. 
     
   
  
   
    Pharmacokinetics 
    
      EthanolÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á  
  Èí¼ö : ¾à 20%´Â À§¿¡¼, 80%´Â ¼ÒÀå¿¡¼ Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.  Áõ±â »óÅ·δ Æó·Îµµ Èí¼öµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
   ºÐÆ÷ : 
     ŹÝÀ» ½Å¼ÓÇϰÔ, Àß Åë°úÇϸç, À¯ÁóÀ¸·Îµµ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ºÐºñµÈ´Ù. 
      ü³» ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷°ú ü¾×¿¡ °ñ°í·ç ±ÕµîÇÏ°Ô ºÐÆ÷ÇÑ´Ù. 
     ºÐÆ÷¿ëÀû : 0.53 L/kg (¸¸¼º ¼·Ãë½Ã ³²¼º¿¡¼´Â Áõ°¡ÇÔ)  
   ´ë»ç : 
     90-98%´Â °£¿¡¼ alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ acetaldehyde, acetyl-CoA·Î Â÷·Ê´ë·Î ´ë»çµÈ ÈÄ citric acid cycleÀ» ÅëÇØ »êȵȴÙ.  ƯÈ÷ ÀÌ °æ·ÎÀÇ ´ë»ç°úÁ¤Àº 0Â÷ ¹ÝÀÀ¼Óµµ¸¦ µû¸¥´Ù. 
      ÀϺδ °£ÀÇ sER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)ÀÇ cytochrome P-450 È¿¼Ò°è¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »êȵȴÙ.  
   ¹Ý°¨±â : ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸Àû 
   ¼Ò½Ç : ÁÖ·Î ½Å¹è¼³ (2-10%´Â ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³)µÇ¸ç, ÀϺδ Æó¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.  
     
   
  
   
    Toxicity 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸  LD50 = 2g/kg (human, oral); LD50 = 3 g/kg (rat, oral); LD50 = 2.5 g/kg (mice, oral); LD50 = 21 mg/kg (male rat, IV); LD50 = 23 mg/kg (female rat, IV); LD50 = 25 mg/kg (male mice, IV); LD50 = 24 mg/kg (female mice, IV); LD50 = 1g/kg (rat, subcutaneous); LD50 = 637 mg/kg (male mice, subcutaneous); LD50 = 632 mg/kg (female mice, subcutaneous)Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸  Oral, rat LD50 : 5628 mg/kg. Symptoms and effects of overdose include nausea, vomiting, CNS depression, acute respiratory failure or death and with chronic use, severe health problems, such as liver and brain damage. 
     
   
  
   
    Drug Interactions 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸  Not AvailableEthanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸  Not Available 
     
   
  
   
    CYP450  Drug Interaction 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table SUBSTRATES  
CYP 2E1  
acetaminophen 
chlorzoxazone 
**ethanol**  
INHIBITORS  
CYP 2E1  
disulfiram 
INDUCERS  
CYP 2E1  
**ethanol**  
isoniazid 
SUBSTRATES  
CYP 2E1  
acetaminophen 
chlorzoxazone 
**ethanol**  
INHIBITORS  
CYP 2E1  
disulfiram 
INDUCERS  
CYP 2E1  
**ethanol**  
isoniazid 
     
   
  
   
    Drug Target 
    
      
      [Drug Target]  
     
   
  
   
    Description 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸  A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. [PubChem]Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸  A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. [PubChem] 
     
   
  
   
    Dosage Form 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸  Aerosol	TopicalDressing	TopicalGel	TopicalKit	DentalLiquid	BuccalLiquid	OralLiquid	TopicalLotion	TopicalOintment	TopicalSolution	TopicalSponge	TopicalEthanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸  Aerosol	TopicalGel	TopicalLiquid	IntramuscularLiquid	IntravenousLiquid	OralLiquid	TopicalLotion	TopicalSolution	TopicalSolution / drops	OralSpray	Topical 
     
   
  
   
    Drug Category 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸  Anti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective Agents, LocalAnti-InfectivesDisinfectantsMouthwashesEthanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸  Anti-Infective Agents, LocalCentral Nervous System DepressantsDisinfectantsSolvents 
     
   
  
   
    Smiles String Canonical 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸  NC(NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸  CCO 
     
   
  
   
    Smiles String Isomeric 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸  N\C(NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=N/C(N)=N/CCCCCC\N=C(N)\N=C(/N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸  CCO 
     
   
  
   
    InChI Identifier 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸  InChI=1/C22H30Cl2N10/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4-14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34)/f/h31-32H,25-28H2/b29-19+,30-20+,33-21+,34-22+Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸  Not Available 
     
   
  
   
    Chemical IUPAC Name 
    
      Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸  (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[[amino-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]guanidineEthanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸  ethanol 
     
   
  
   
    Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins 
    
      ETHANOL   ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸Replated Protein  :Proenkephalin Drug  :ethanol Toxicity  :ethanol narcosis. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein  :Insulin receptor substrate 1Drug  :Ethanol  Toxicity  :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein  :Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinaseDrug  :Ethanol  Toxicity  :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein  :Insulin receptor substrate 2Drug  :Ethanol  Toxicity  :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein  :Mitogen-activated protein kinase(Erk2)Drug  :Ethanol  Toxicity  :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein  :Mitogen-activated protein kinase Drug  :Ethanol  Toxicity  :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]  
     
   
    
 
	  
	   
	
	  
       
	    
	      
	        
            
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