Å©¸°ÇÚ [Chlorhexidine Gluconate , Ethanol]
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(2021.04.01)
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Chlorhexidine, combinations / D08AC52
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Pharmacokinetics
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Ethanol ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do
Mechanism of Action
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Chlorhexidine's antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between chlorhexidine (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells. After chlorhexidine is absorpted onto the organism's cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ The sedative effects of ethanol are mediated through binding to GABA receptors and glycine receptors (alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits). In its role as an anti-infective, ethanol acts as an osmolyte or dehydrating agent that disrupts the osmotic balance across cell membranes.
Pharmacology
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Chlorhexidine, a topical antimicrobial agent, is bactericidal. Because of its positive charge, the chlorhexidine molecule reacts with the microbial cell surface to destroy the integrity of the cell membrane. This novel mechanism of action makes it highly unlikely for the development of bacterial resistance.Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Alcohol produces injury to cells by dehydration and precipitation of the cytoplasm or protoplasm. This accounts for its bacteriocidal and antifungal action. When alcohol is injected in close proximity to nerve tissues, it produces neuritis and nerve degeneration (neurolysis). Ninety to 98% of ethanol that enters the body is completely oxidized. Ethanol is also used as a cosolvent to dissolve many insoluble drugs and to serve as a mild sedative in some medicinal formulations.
Absorption
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorption of chlorhexidine from the gastrointestinal tract is very poor. Additionally, an in vivo study in 18 adult patients found no detectable plasma or urine chlorhexidine concentrations following insertion of four periodontal implants under clinical conditions.Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Rapidly absorbed.
Pharmacokinetics
EthanolÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
Èí¼ö : ¾à 20%´Â À§¿¡¼, 80%´Â ¼ÒÀå¿¡¼ Èí¼öµÈ´Ù. Áõ±â »óÅ·δ Æó·Îµµ Èí¼öµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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ºÐÆ÷¿ëÀû : 0.53 L/kg (¸¸¼º ¼·Ãë½Ã ³²¼º¿¡¼´Â Áõ°¡ÇÔ)
´ë»ç :
90-98%´Â °£¿¡¼ alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ acetaldehyde, acetyl-CoA·Î Â÷·Ê´ë·Î ´ë»çµÈ ÈÄ citric acid cycleÀ» ÅëÇØ »êȵȴÙ. ƯÈ÷ ÀÌ °æ·ÎÀÇ ´ë»ç°úÁ¤Àº 0Â÷ ¹ÝÀÀ¼Óµµ¸¦ µû¸¥´Ù.
ÀϺδ °£ÀÇ sER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)ÀÇ cytochrome P-450 È¿¼Ò°è¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »êȵȴÙ.
¹Ý°¨±â : ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸Àû
¼Ò½Ç : ÁÖ·Î ½Å¹è¼³ (2-10%´Â ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³)µÇ¸ç, ÀϺδ Æó¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
Toxicity
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50 = 2g/kg (human, oral); LD50 = 3 g/kg (rat, oral); LD50 = 2.5 g/kg (mice, oral); LD50 = 21 mg/kg (male rat, IV); LD50 = 23 mg/kg (female rat, IV); LD50 = 25 mg/kg (male mice, IV); LD50 = 24 mg/kg (female mice, IV); LD50 = 1g/kg (rat, subcutaneous); LD50 = 637 mg/kg (male mice, subcutaneous); LD50 = 632 mg/kg (female mice, subcutaneous)Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral, rat LD50 : 5628 mg/kg. Symptoms and effects of overdose include nausea, vomiting, CNS depression, acute respiratory failure or death and with chronic use, severe health problems, such as liver and brain damage.
Drug Interactions
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not AvailableEthanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
CYP450 Drug Interaction
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table SUBSTRATES
CYP 2E1
acetaminophen
chlorzoxazone
**ethanol**
INHIBITORS
CYP 2E1
disulfiram
INDUCERS
CYP 2E1
**ethanol**
isoniazid
SUBSTRATES
CYP 2E1
acetaminophen
chlorzoxazone
**ethanol**
INHIBITORS
CYP 2E1
disulfiram
INDUCERS
CYP 2E1
**ethanol**
isoniazid
Drug Target
[Drug Target]
Description
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. [PubChem]Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. [PubChem]
Dosage Form
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Aerosol TopicalDressing TopicalGel TopicalKit DentalLiquid BuccalLiquid OralLiquid TopicalLotion TopicalOintment TopicalSolution TopicalSponge TopicalEthanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Aerosol TopicalGel TopicalLiquid IntramuscularLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid TopicalLotion TopicalSolution TopicalSolution / drops OralSpray Topical
Drug Category
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective Agents, LocalAnti-InfectivesDisinfectantsMouthwashesEthanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Infective Agents, LocalCentral Nervous System DepressantsDisinfectantsSolvents
Smiles String Canonical
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ NC(NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCO
Smiles String Isomeric
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ N\C(NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=N/C(N)=N/CCCCCC\N=C(N)\N=C(/N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCO
InChI Identifier
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C22H30Cl2N10/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4-14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34)/f/h31-32H,25-28H2/b29-19+,30-20+,33-21+,34-22+Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name
Chlorhexidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[[amino-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]guanidineEthanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ ethanol
Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins
ETHANOL ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸Replated Protein :Proenkephalin Drug :ethanol Toxicity :ethanol narcosis. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein :Insulin receptor substrate 1Drug :Ethanol Toxicity :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein :Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinaseDrug :Ethanol Toxicity :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein :Insulin receptor substrate 2Drug :Ethanol Toxicity :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein :Mitogen-activated protein kinase(Erk2)Drug :Ethanol Toxicity :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein :Mitogen-activated protein kinase Drug :Ethanol Toxicity :impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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