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                    È£½ºÅ¸½Ç¸°ÁÖ400¸¸´ÜÀ§  HOSTACILLIN-AQU V.IM.[Penicillin G potassium , Procaine penicillin G]  
                    
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    Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
  Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do  | 
   
  
   
    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential?”a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 7.7 minutes 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hydrolysis by plasma esterases to PABA 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Amiloride	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaBenazepril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCandesartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCaptopril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCilazapril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaDrospirenone	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEnalapril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEplerenone	This association presents an increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEprosartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaForasartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaFosinopril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaIrbesartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaLisinopril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaLosartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaMoexipril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaPerindopril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaPolystyrene sulfonate	Antagonism of actionQuinapril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaRamipril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSaprisartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSpirapril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSpironolactone	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTasosartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTelmisartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTrandolapril	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTriamterene	Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaValsartan	Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Aluminium	Formation of non-absorbable complexesBismuth	Formation of non-absorbable complexesCalcium	Formation of non-absorbable complexesDihydroxyaluminium	Formation of non-absorbable complexesEstramustine	Increases the levels of estramustineMagnesium oxide	Formation of non-absorbable complexesMagnesium	Formation of non-absorbable complexesSucralfate	Formation of non-absorbable complexesIron	Formation of non-absorbable complexes 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
     | 
   
  
   
    | Description | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential?”a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Aerosol	OralCapsule	OralCapsule, extended release	OralElixir	OralLiquid	IntravenousLiquid	OralLiquid	SublingualPowder	OralPowder, for solution	OralSolution	IntravenousSolution	OralSolution / drops	OralTablet	OralTablet, extended release	Oral
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule	OralSolution	InfiltrationSolution	IntramuscularTablet, extended release	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ AnestheticsAnesthetics, LocalLocal Anesthetics 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C13H20N2O2/c1-3-15(4-2)9-10-17-13(16)11-5-7-12(14)8-6-11/h5-8H,3-4,9-10,14H2,1-2H3 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Procaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-diethylaminoethyl 4-aminobenzoate 
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