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[Drugbank ÀÇ ¼ººÐÁ¤º¸¿¶÷] [Pindolol]
      
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      * Àý´ë ÀÓÀǺ¹¿ëÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã°í ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»ç¿Í »ó´ãÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. 
    
     
      
      
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1. °íÇ÷¾Ð : 1ȸ 5-15mg, 1ÀÏ 1ȸ ¾ÆÄ§¿¡ Åõ¿©Çϰųª, 1ÀÏ 20-30mgÀ» 2-3ȸ ºÐÇÒ Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. °æÁõ ¹× ÁߵÀÇ °íÇ÷¾Ð¿¡´Â ÀÌ ¾à ´ÜÀÏ¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î ÃæºÐÇϳª, ÁßÁõ ¶Ç´Â ³»¼ºÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ Ç÷¾Ð°ÇÏÁ¦¸¦ º´¿ëÅõ¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
2. Çù½ÉÁõ, ºÎÁ¤¸Æ: 1ÀÏ 10-30mgÀ» 3ȸ ºÐÇÒ Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. 
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    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Pindolol non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. By binding beta-2 receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, Pindolol inhibits the production of renin, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone production and therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Pindolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker) which possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) in therapeutic dosage ranges but does not possess quinidine-like membrane stabilizing activity. Pindolol impairs AV node conduction and decreases sinus rate and may also increase plasma triglycerides and decrease HDL-cholesterol levels. Pindolol is nonpolar and hydrophobic, with low to moderate lipid solubility. Pindolol has little to no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and, unlike some other beta-adrenergic blocking agents, pindolol has little direct myocardial depressant activity and does not have an anesthetic-like membrane-stabilizing action. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 40% 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 3 to 4 hours 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Rapidly and reproducibly absorbed (bioavailability greater than 95%). 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       PindololÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
	- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : ½Å¼Ó, 50-95%
	
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 - ¼Ò½Ç : ½Å¹è¼³ (¹Ìº¯Èü·Î¼ 35-50%)
  
 
	
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. In man, 35% to 40% is excreted unchanged in the urine and 60% to 65% is metabolized primarily to hydroxy-metabolites which are excreted as glucuronides and ethereal sulfates. 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50=263 mg/kg (orally in rats). Signs of overdose include excessive bradycardia, cardiac failure, hypotension, and bronchospasm. 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Acetohexamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaChlorpropamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaClonidine	Increased hypertension when clonidine stoppedDisopyramide	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideGliclazide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaGlipizide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaGlisoxepide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaGlibenclamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaGlycodiazine	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaInsulin	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaLidocaine	The beta-blocker increases the effect and toxicity of lidocaineRepaglinide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaTolazamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaTolbutamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaVerapamil	Increased effect of both drugsChlorpromazine	Increased effect of both drugsThioridazine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasMesoridazine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasAminophylline	Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophyllineDyphylline	Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophyllineOxtriphylline	Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophyllineTheophylline	Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophyllineProcaterol	AntagonismPrazosin	Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapySalbutamol	AntagonismSalmeterol	AntagonismTerbutaline	AntagonismIsoproterenol	AntagonismOrciprenaline	AntagonismPirbuterol	AntagonismFenoterol	AntagonismFormoterol	AntagonismIbuprofen	Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandinsIndomethacin	Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandinsPiroxicam	Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandinsMethyldopa	Possible hypertensive crisisDihydroergotamine	Ischemia with risk of gangreneDihydroergotoxine	Ischemia with risk of gangreneDiltiazem	Increased risk of bradycardiaEpinephrine	Hypertension, then bradycardiaErgonovine	Ischemia with risk of gangreneErgotamine	Ischemia with risk of gangreneMethysergide	Ischemia with risk of gangrene 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.Magnesium, potassium and zinc needs increased. 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (adrenergic beta-antagonists). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638) 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Tablet	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Adrenergic beta-AntagonistsAntihypertensive AgentsSerotonin AntagonistsVasodilator Agents 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(C)NC[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C14H20N2O2/c1-10(2)16-8-11(17)9-18-14-5-3-4-13-12(14)6-7-15-13/h3-7,10-11,15-17H,8-9H2,1-2H3 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Pindolol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol 
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  The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. PINDOLOL[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score)  I(Marginal)  0(Active)  0[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  1[SGOT Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  2.6[SGPT Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  2.6[LDH Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  0.7[GGT Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  0
 
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