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    | º¸°ü»ó ÁÖÀÇ | 
    
      
    	
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    | Á¶Á¦½Ã ÁÖÀÇ | 
    
      
    	
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    ³»¿ë | 
   
  
    | DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) | 
    º´¿ë±Ý±â :
     
	 °í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
	 
	  [»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]										
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      °í½ÃµÈ ¿¬·É±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
      
       [¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â»ó¼¼°Ë»ö]
       
       
        
        
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    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Primidone is a GABA receptor agonist. The mechanism of Primidone's antiepileptic action is not known. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Primidone is a barbiturate with anticonvulsant properties. Primidone, either alone or used concomitantly with other anticonvulsants, is indicated in the control of grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures. It may control grand mal seizures refractory to other anticonvulsant therapy. Primidone raises electro- or chemoshock seizure thresholds or alters seizure patterns in experimental animals. Primidone per se has anticonvulsant activity as do its two metabolites, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA). In addition to its anticonvulsant activity, Primidone potentiates that of phenobarbital in experimental animals. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 70% 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 3-23 hours 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ 90 to 100% 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       PrimidoneÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
	- ºÐÆ÷ : ºÐÆ÷¿ëÀû : ¼ºÀÎ 2-3 L/kg
 
	 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 99%
 
	 - ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ Ȱ¼ºÇü ´ë»çüÀÎ phenobarbital, phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA)À¸·Î ´ë»çµÊ
 
	 - ¹Ý°¨±â (³ªÀÌ ÀÇÁ¸Àû) : 
 
	
		-    Primidone : 10-12 ½Ã°£
 
		 -    PEMA : 16½Ã°£
 
		 -    Phenobarbital : 52-118 ½Ã°£
 
	  
	 - Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : °æ±¸ : 4½Ã°£ À̳»
 
	 - ¼Ò½Ç : µÎ°¡Áö ´ë»çüÀÇ ÇüÅÂ, ¹Ìº¯Èü(15-25%)·Î¼ ¼Òº¯À¸·Î ¹è¼³µÊ
 
  
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Aminophylline	The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineDyphylline	The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineOxtriphylline	The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineTheophylline	The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineWarfarin	The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol	The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol	The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectAnisindione	The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectBetamethasone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidCortisone acetate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDexamethasone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDivalproex sodium	Valproic acid increases the effect of the barbiturateFelodipine	The barbiturate decreases the effect of felodipineFludrocortisone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidFolic Acid	Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsantFelbamate	Felbamate increases the effect and toxicity of primidoneGefitinib	This CYP3A4 inducer may reduce gefitinib plasma concentrations and pharmacological effectsGriseofulvin	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvineHydrocortisone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidLevonorgestrel	Phenobarbital decreases the effect of levonorgestrelMethadone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of methadoneMethoxyflurane	The barbiturate increases the renal toxicity of methoxyfluraneMethylprednisolone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMetronidazole	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metronidazoleParamethasone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisolone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidTriamcinolone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidVoriconazole	The barbiturate decreases the effect of voriconazoleCyclosporine	The barbiturate increases the effect of cyclosporineDoxycycline	The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycyclineMetoprolol	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerPropranolol	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerQuinidine	The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidineNifedipine	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the calcium channel blockerVerapamil	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the calcium channel blockerEthinyl Estradiol	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectMestranol	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectNorethindrone	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectChlorotrianisene	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesClomifene	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesDiethylstilbestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstradiol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesConjugated Estrogens	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstriol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstrone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstropipate	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesMedroxyprogesterone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesMegestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesQuinestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take with food to reduce gastric irritation.Avoid alcohol.Avoid high doses of caffeine. 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An antiepileptic agent related to the barbiturates; it is partly metabolized to phenobarbital in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite. Adverse effects are reported to be more frequent than with phenobarbital. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p309) 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ AnticonvulsantsBarbiturates 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCC1(C(=O)NCNC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCC1(C(=O)NCNC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C12H14N2O2/c1-2-12(9-6-4-3-5-7-9)10(15)13-8-14-11(12)16/h3-7H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,13,15)(H,14,16)/f/h13-14H 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Primidone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione 
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    | Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins | 
    
      PRIMIDONE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Gamma-glutamyltransferase Drug:primidone Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alkaline phosphatase Drug:primidone Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alanine aminotransferase Drug:primidone Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alanine aminotransferase Drug:primidone  Toxicity:hepatic cirrhosis .  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] 
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  The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. PRIMIDONE[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score)  NA(Marginal)  0(Active)  0[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[SGOT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[SGPT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[LDH Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[GGT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA
 
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