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    | DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) | 
    º´¿ë±Ý±â :
     
	 °í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
	 
	  [»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]										
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       [¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â»ó¼¼°Ë»ö]
       
       
        
        
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    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Disopyramide is a Type 1 antiarrhythmic drug (ie, similar to procainamide and quinidine). It inhibits the fast sodium channels. In animal studies Disopyramide decreases the rate of diastolic depolarization (phase 4) in cells with augmented automaticity, decreases the upstroke velocity (phase 0) and increases the action potential duration of normal cardiac cells, decreases the disparity in refractoriness between infarcted and adjacent normally perfused myocardium, and has no effect on alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptors. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Disopyramide is an antiarrhythmic drug indicated for the treatment of documented ventricular arrhythmias, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia that are life-threatening. In man, Disopyramide at therapeutic plasma levels shortens the sinus node recovery time, lengthens the effective refractory period of the atrium, and has a minimal effect on the effective refractory period of the AV node. Little effect has been shown on AV-nodal and His-Purkinje conduction times or QRS duration. However, prolongation of conduction in accessory pathways occurs. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 50%-65% 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 6.7 hours (range 4-10 hours) 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Nearly complete 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       Disopyramide phospateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
 
	- ÀÛ¿ë¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : 0.5-3.5 ½Ã°£
	
 - ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ : 1.5-8.5 ½Ã°£
	
 - Èí¼ö : 60-83 %
	
 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : ³óµµÀÇÁ¸Àû, 20-60%
	
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	 - ¼Ò½Ç : 40-60% ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ¸ç, 10-15%´Â ´ëº¯À¸·Î ¹è¼³µÊ
  
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50=580 mg/kg in rats 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Acebutolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideAtenolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideAzithromycin	The macrolide increases the effect of disopyramideBetaxolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideBevantolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideBisoprolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideCarteolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideCarvedilol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideCisapride	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasClarithromycin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasDonepezil	Possible antagonism of actionErythromycin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasEsmolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideEthotoin	The hydantoin decreases the effect of disopyramideFosphenytoin	The hydantoin decreases the effect of disopyramideGalantamine	Possible antagonism of actionGatifloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGrepafloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasLabetalol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideLevofloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasMephenytoin	The hydantoin decreases the effect of disopyramideMesoridazine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasMetoprolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideMoxifloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasNadolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramidePenbutolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramidePhenobarbital	Phenobarbital decreases levels of disopyramidePhenytoin	The hydantoin decreases the effect of disopyramidePindolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramidePractolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramidePropranolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideQuinupristin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityRanolazine	Possible additive effect on QT prolongationRifampin	Rifampin decreases the effect of disopyramideRivastigmine	Possible antagonism of actionSotalol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideSparfloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTelithromycin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTerfenadine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasThioridazine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTimolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideZiprasidone	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasOxprenolol	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramide 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take without regard to meals.Avoid alcohol. 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties. [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule	OralTablet, extended release	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Arrhythmia AgentsAntiarrhythmic Agents 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(C)N(CCC(C(N)=O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1)C(C)C 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(C)N(CC[C@](C(N)=O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1)C(C)C 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C21H29N3O/c1-16(2)24(17(3)4)15-13-21(20(22)25,18-10-6-5-7-11-18)19-12-8-9-14-23-19/h5-12,14,16-17H,13,15H2,1-4H3,(H2,22,25)/f/h22H2 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Disopyramide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 4-(di(propan-2-yl)amino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide 
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  The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. DISOPYRAMIDE[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score)  NA(Marginal)  0(Active)  0[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[SGOT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[SGPT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[LDH Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[GGT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA
 
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