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¶õºñ½ºÁ¤ LANVIS TAB.[Thioguanine]
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Àü¹®ÀǾàǰ | ºñ±Þ¿©
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µå·°ÀÎÆ÷¿¡¼´Â ÀǾàǰ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÆÇ¸Å¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. |
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À¯·áȸ¿ø °áÀç½Ã¿¡´Â º¸´Ù ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¾à¹°Á¤º¸¸¦
ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
À¯·áÁ¤º¸¸ñ·ÏÀº Àü¹®È¸¿øÀ¸·Î
·Î±×ÀÎ ÇϽøé È®ÀÎ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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 | Çã°¡Á¤º¸ |
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| Ç׸ñ |
³»¿ë |
û±¸ÄÚµå(KDÄÚµå) ºñ±Þ¿©Á¡°ËÄÚµå »óÇÑ±Ý¾× |
643902680[E00010031]
[º¸ÇèÄڵ忡 µû¸¥ ¾àǰ±âº»Á¤º¸ Á÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
\0 ¿ø/1Á¤(2002.05.11)(ÇöÀç¾à°¡)
\1,586 ¿ø/1Á¤(2002.04.01)(º¯°æÀü¾à°¡)
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[Áúº´ÄÚµåÁý ´Ù¿î·Îµå]
[¿ì¸®Áý°Ç°ÁÖÄ¡ÀÇ ¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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| ºü¸¥Á¶È¸ |
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¿¬ÇÑ È²³ì»öÀÇ ¿øÇüÁ¤Á¦
[Á¦ÇüÁ¤º¸ È®ÀÎ]
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| Æ÷À塤À¯Åë´ÜÀ§ |
25T. |
| ´ëÇ¥ÄÚµå |
8806439026800 |
| ¾à¸®ÀÛ¿ë |
[Á¶È¸]
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| È¿´ÉÈ¿°ú |
[ÀûÀÀÁõ º° °Ë»ö]
±Þ¼º°ñ¼ö ¾Æ±¸¼º ¹ëÇ÷º´, ±Þ¼º Àӯı¸¼º ¹ëÇ÷º´, ¸¸¼º °ú¸³¼º ¹éÇ÷º´(myelocytic, myeloid, myelogenous).
[Drugbank ÀÇ ¼ººÐÁ¤º¸¿¶÷] [Thioguanine]
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| ¿ë¹ý¿ë·® |
* Àý´ë ÀÓÀǺ¹¿ëÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã°í ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»ç¿Í »ó´ãÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
[󹿾à¾î]
[ÁÖ¼ººÐÄÚµå:237901ATB ¿¡ µû¸¥ ½É»çÁöħ¿¶÷]
¼ºÀÎ ¹× ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ »ó¿ë·®Àº 1ÀÏ 2mg/kgÀ̰í À̿뷮À¸·Î 4ÁÖ Åõ¿©ÈÄ ÀÓ»óÀû °³¼± ¹× ¹éÇ÷±¸³ª Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ ¾ïÁ¦°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ÁÖÀÇÇÏ¿© 1ÀÏ 3mg/kgÀ¸·Î Áõ·®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 1ÀÏ ÃÑ Åõ¿©·®À» 1ȸ¿¡ Åõ¿©Çϸç 1ÀÏ ÃÑÅõ¿©·®Àº 20mgÀÇ ¹è¼öÀÌ´Ù. º»Ç°À» ¾Ë·ÎÇ»¸®³î°ú º´¿ë½Ã´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã °¨·®ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. º»Ç°À» ´Üµ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â º´¿ëÅõ¿©·Î ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Ç÷¾×ÇÐÀû °æ°¨ÀÌ ¾ò¾îÁö¸é, À¯Áö¿ä¹ýÀ» °³½ÃÇÏ°í °æ°¨ÀÌ ¾ò¾îÁø ÈÄ º»Ç°°ú °ü°èµÇ´Â À¯Áö¿ë·® ¹× ½ºÄÉÁìÀº »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿ä¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó ȯÀÚ¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù.
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| ±Ý±â |
ÀÌ ¾à¹°¿¡ ³»¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ȯÀÚ.
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| ÀÌ»ó¹ÝÀÀ |
- À§Àå°ü Áõ»ó
- ¿À½É, ±¸Åä, ½Ä¿åºÎÁø, À§¿°ÀÌ µå¹°°Ô ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
- Ȳ´Þ, °£Áõ, ¿ìÃø °è¸¤ºÎÀÇ ¾ÐÅëÀ» ¼ö¹ÝÇÑ ½Ä¿åºÎÁøÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀÌ ±Ô¸íµÉ ¶§±îÁö Åõ¿©¸¦ ÁßÁöÇÑ´Ù.
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Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú¾Ö ¼ö¹ÝµÈ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ ¿ëÇØÀÇ °á°ú·Î °í´¢»êÇ÷ÁõÀÌ ºó¹øÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀº ¼öÈ, ´¢ÀÇ ¾ËÄ«¸®È ¹× allopurinol °ú °°Àº xanthine oxidase inhibitorÀÇ ¿¹¹æÀû Åõ¿©·Î ±Ø¼ÒÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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| ÀϹÝÀû ÁÖÀÇ |
- ¸î·ÊÀÇ È²´ÞÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú°í thioguanineÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÀü cytosine arabinoside¸¦ º¹¿ëÇ߰ųª ´Ù¸¥ ÈÇпä¹ýÁ¦¿Í º´¿ë Åõ¿©ÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼ Á¤¸Æ Æó»ö¼º °£ÁúȯÀÌ ÁøÇàµÈ º¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °£¿°À̳ª ´ãÁóÁ¤Ã¼, Ȳ´ÞÀÇ ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì´Â Áï½Ã Åõ¿©¸¦ ÁßÁöÇÏ¸ç °£±â´É°Ë»ç(Ç÷û transaminase, alkaline pho sphatase, bilirubin)¸¦ Ä¡·á °³½Ã½Ã´Â 1ÁÖ°£°Ý, ±×ÈÄ´Â 1°³¿ù°£°Ý, °£ÁúȯȯÀÚ³ª °£µ¶¼º ¾à¹°°ú º´¿ë Åõ¿©½Ã´Â ´õ¿í ÀÚÁÖ ½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù.
- °ñ¼ö¾ïÁ¦ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ºóÇ÷, ¹éÇ÷±¸ °¨¼ÒÁõ, Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ °¨¼ÒÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Ç÷¾×¼ººÐÁß ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·® °¨¼ÒÇϴ ùÁõ»ó ¹ßÇö½Ã ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î Åõ¾àÀ» ÁßÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
- ¹ß¿, ÀÎÈÄÅë, ±¹¼Ò°¨¿°Áõ»ó, ƯÁ¤ºÎÀ§ÀÇ ÃâÇ÷ ¶Ç´Â ºóÇ÷Áõ»óÀÇ ÁøÇà½Ã ȯÀÚ´Â Áï½Ã Àǻ翡°Ô º¸°íÇÑ´Ù.
- ¼ºÀÎÀÇ ±Þ¼º ºñÀӯı¸¼º ¹éÇ÷º´ÀÇ À¯µµ±â¿¡¼ °æ°¨À¯µµ°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀÌ µÇ·Á¸é, °ñ¼ö ¾ïÁ¦´Â ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇϸç Thioguanine¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À¯¹ßµÈ °ú¸³±¸ °¨¼ÒÁõ°ú Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ °¨¼ÒÁõÀÇ °á°ú·Î½á Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ °¨¿°Áõ°ú ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
- Thioguanine¿ä¹ý Áß¿¡´Â hemoglobin ³óµµ³ª hematocrit, ÃÑ ¹éÇ÷±¸¼ö ¹× °¨º° °è»ê, Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ¼ö¸¦ ÀÚÁÖ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¸ç ¸»ÃÊ Ç÷¾× ¼ººÐÀÇ º¯È¿øÀÎÀÌ ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °ñ¼ö°Ë»ç°¡ °ñ¼ö»óÅ Æò°¡¿¡ À¯È¿ÇÏ´Ù. ThioguanineÀÇ Áõ·®, °¨·®, Áö¼Ó ¶Ç´Â ÁßÁö ¿©ºÎ´Â Àý´ëÀûÀÎ Ç÷¾×ÇÐÀû ¼öÄ¡»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º¯È¼Óµµ¿¡µµ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
- ThioguanineÀÇ ¿ë·®Àº 1Â÷ µ¶¼ºÀÌ °ñ¼ö¾ïÁ¦ÀΠŸ¾à¹°°ú º´¿ë½Ã °¨·®ÇÑ´Ù.
- ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ DNA¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ºñÃß¾î, ThioguanineÀº ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î º¯ÀÌ À¯¹ßÀÎÀÚ¿Í ¹ß¾ÏÀÎÀÚ°¡ µÇ¹Ç·Î À̷лóÀÇ ¹ß¾Ï À§Ç輺À» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
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| ÀӺο¡ ´ëÇÑ Åõ¿© |
[ÀӺαݱ⠼ººÐ Á¶È¸]
Thioguanine°ú °°Àº ¾à¹°Àº ÀáÀçÀû º´ÀÌ À¯¹ßÀÎÀÚ ¹× Ãֱ⼺ ¹°ÁúÀ̹ǷΠÀӽűⰣµ¿¾È¿¡ º¹¿ëÀ» Ç߰ųª ¶Ç´Â º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ÀÓ½ÅÀÌ µÈ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â žƿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ À§Ç輺À» ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
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| ¼öÀ¯ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åõ¿© |
ThioguanineÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû ¹ß¾Ï¼º ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼öÀ¯¸¦ ÁßÁöÇϵçÁö ¶Ç´Â ¾à¹° º¹¿ëÀ» ÁßÁöÇѵçÁö °áÁ¤À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
| °ú·®Åõ¿© ¹× óġ |
- ÇØµ¶Á¦°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î µ¹¹ßÀûÀÎ µ¶¼ºÀÌ ¹ßÇöµÇ¸é Áï½Ã ¾à¹°Åõ¿©¸¦ ÁßÁöÇÑ´Ù.
- ÁßÁõÀÇ Ç÷¾×µ¶¼º¿¡´Â ÃâÇ÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ ¼öÇ÷, ÆÐÇ÷Áõ¾Ö ´ëÇØ °ú¸³±¸ ¼öÇ÷ ¹× Ç×»ýÁ¦ Åõ¿©ÀÇ º¸Á¶¿ä¹ýÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
- ¾à¹°ÀÇ °ú·®º¹¿ë½Ã´Â ±¸Å並 À¯µµ½Ã۸ç thioguanineÀÌ È°¼º´ë»ç »ê¹°°ú ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ ¼¼Æ÷³» °áÇÕÇÏ¿© Àå±â°£ Áö¼ÓµÇ¹Ç·Î Ç÷¾×Åõ¼®Àº ÃÖÈļö´ÜÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
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ÀüüÀӽŠ±â°£º°·Î ¿©·¯µî±ÞÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ º¸¿©Áý´Ï´Ù. ´Ü, º¹ÇÕÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ðµç º¹ÇÕÁ¦¼ººÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©µî±ÞÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÀº Àý´ë ¾Æ´Ï¸ç Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÁß¿¡ °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù.
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(µ¿¹°½ÇÇè°ú ÀÓ»ó ½ÃÇè¿¡¼ À§Ç輺 º¸°íµÊ. -Briggs G, et al. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation 7th edit. )
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»ó±â ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Àü»êó¸® µÇ¸é¼ ÀÔ·Â ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀ» ±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±× Á¤È®¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© È®½ÅÀ» µå¸± ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ȸ»ç´Â Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
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¹Ýµå½Ã °ø½Å·Â ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÇåÀ» ´Ù½Ã Çѹø Âü°í ÇϽñ⠹ٶó¸ç ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»çÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ µû¶ó Åõ¿©¿©ºÎ°¡ °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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½ÅÀå¾Ö, °£Àå¾Ö½Ã ¿ë·®Á¶Àý |
À¯·áÁ¤º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
À¯·áÁ¤º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
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| º´¿ë±Ý±â ¹× ¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â ±Ù°ÅÁ¶È¸ |
[º´¿ë±Ý±â ¹× ¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â ±Ù°ÅÁ¶È¸]
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| º¸°ü»ó ÁÖÀÇ |
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| DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) |
º´¿ë±Ý±â :
°í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
[»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]
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| Mechanism of Action |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Thioguanine competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is itself converted to 6-thioguanilyic acid (TGMP), which reaches high intracellular concentrations at therapeutic doses. TGMP interferes with the synthesis of guanine nucleotides by its inhibition of purine biosynthesis by pseudofeedback inhibition of glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, the first enzyme unique to the de novo pathway of purine ribonucleotide synthesis. TGMP also inhibits the conversion of inosinic acid (IMP) to xanthylic acid (XMP) by competition for the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase. Thioguanine nucleotides are incorporated into both the DNA and the RNA by phosphodiester linkages, and some studies have shown that incorporation of such false bases contributes to the cytotoxicity of thioguanine. Its tumor inhibitory properties may be due to one or more of its effects on feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis; inhibition of purine nucleotide interconversions; or incorporation into the DNA and RNA. The overall result of its action is a sequential blockade of the utilization and synthesis of the purine nucleotides.
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| Pharmacology |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Thioguanine is an antineoplastic anti-metabolite used in the treatment of several forms of leukemia including acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Anti-metabolites masquerade as purine or pyrimidine - which become the building blocks of DNA. They prevent these substances becoming incorporated in to DNA during the "S" phase (of the cell cycle), stopping normal development and division. Thioguanine was first synthesized and entered into clinical trial more than 30 years ago. It is a 6-thiopurine analogue of the naturally occurring purine bases hypoxanthine and guanine. Intracellular activation results in incorporation into DNA as a false purine base. An additional cytotoxic effect is related to its incorporation into RNA. Thioguanine is cross-resistant with mercaptopurine. Cytotoxicity is cell cycle phase-specific (S-phase).
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| Half-life |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 80 minutes (range 25-240 minutes)
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| Absorption |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorption of an oral dose is incomplete and variable, averaging approximately 30% of the administered dose (range: 14% to 46%)
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| Pharmacokinetics |
ThioguanineÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : 30% (14-46 %)
- ºÐÆ÷ : ³úÇ÷°üÀ庮À» Åë°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔ, ŹÝÅë°ú
- ¹Ý°¨±â : IV Åõ¿©½Ã : 80ºÐ (25-240 ºÐ)
- ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô È°¼ºÇü ´ë»çüÀÎ 2-amino-6-methylthioguanine ¹× ºñȰ¼ºÇü ´ë»çü·Î ´ë»çµÊ
- ¼Ò½Ç : ´¢¹è¼³ (40%)
- ÃÖ°í Ç÷Áß³óµµ µµ´Þ : °æ±¸ : 8½Ã°£
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| Biotransformation |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. First converted to 6-thioguanilyic acid (TGMP). TGMP is further converted to the di- and tri-phosphates, thioguanosine diphosphate (TGDP) and thioguanosine triphosphate (TGTP) by the same enzymes that metabolize guanine nucleotides.
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| Toxicity |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral, mouse: LD50 = 160 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, malaise, hypotension, and diaphoresis.
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| Drug Interactions |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
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| Food Interaction |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia. [PubChem]
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| Dosage Form |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Tablet Oral
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| Drug Category |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ NC1=NC(=S)C2=C(N1)N=CN2
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ NC1=NC(=S)C2=C(N1)N=CN2
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| InChI Identifier |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C5H5N5S/c6-5-9-3-2(4(11)10-5)7-1-8-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11)/f/h7,9H,6H2
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Thioguanine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-amino-3,7-dihydropurine-6-thione
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
THIOGUANINE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Thiopurine S-methyltransferase Drug:thioguanine Toxicity:Myelotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. THIOGUANINE[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score) A(Marginal) 0(Active) 2[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score) NA(Number of Rpts) NA(Index value) NA[SGOT Increase](Activity Score) A(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 42.1[SGPT Increase](Activity Score) A(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 42.1[LDH Increase](Activity Score) NA(Number of Rpts) NA(Index value) NA[GGT Increase](Activity Score) NA(Number of Rpts) NA(Index value) NA
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