Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Chlorpheniramine binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine. Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Pseudoephedrine acts directly on both alpha- and, to a lesser degree, beta-adrenergic receptors. Through direct action on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract, pseudoephedrine produces vasoconstriction. Pseudoephedrine relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2-adrenergic receptors. Like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites, an indirect effect.
Pharmacology
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Chlorpheniramine, is a histamine H1 antagonist (or more correctly, an inverse histamine agonist) of the alkylamine class. It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies. Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic agent, structurally similar to ephedrine, used to relieve nasal and sinus congestion and reduce air-travel-related otalgia in adults. The salts pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine sulfate are found in many over-the-counter preparations either as single-ingredient preparations, or more commonly in combination with antihistamines and/or paracetamol/ibuprofen. Unlike antihistamines, which modify the systemic histamine-mediated allergic response, pseudoephedrine only serves to relieve nasal congestion commonly associated with colds or allergies. The advantage of oral pseudoephedrine over topical nasal preparations, such as oxymetazoline, is that it does not cause rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa).
Absorption
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Pseudoephedrine is readily and almost completely absorbed from the GI tract and there is no evidence of first-pass metabolism.
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 LD50 = 306 mg/kg in humans, mild reproductive toxin to women of childbearing age. Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Common adverse reactions include nervousness, restlessness, and insomnia. Rare adverse reactions include difficult/painful urination, dizziness/lightheadedness, heart palpitations, headache, increased sweating, nausea/vomiting, trembling, troubled breathing, unusual paleness, and weakness.
Drug Interactions
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Donepezil Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine Possible antagonism of actionRivastigmine Possible antagonism of actionEthotoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinFosphenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinMephenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinPhenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoin Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Alseroxylon Increased arterial pressureIsocarboxazid Increased arterial pressureLinezolid Possible increase of arterial pressureMethyldopa Increased arterial pressureBromocriptine The sympathomimetic increases the toxicity of bromocriptineTranylcypromine Increased arterial pressureMidodrine Increased arterial pressureMoclobemide Moclobemide increases the sympathomimetic effectPargyline Increased arterial pressurePhenelzine Increased arterial pressureRasagiline Increased arterial pressureReserpine Increased arterial pressureTrimipramine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectProtriptyline The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectNortriptyline The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectAmitriptyline The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectAmoxapine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectClomipramine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectImipramine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectDesipramine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectDoxepin The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectDeserpidine Increased arterial pressureGuanethidine The agent decreases the effect of guanethidine
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Description 정보 A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine. [PubChem] Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Description 정보 An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists. [PubChem]
Dosage Form
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Syrup OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral
Drug Category
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Anti-Allergic AgentsAntihistaminesAntipruriticsHistamine H1 Antagonists Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Adrenergic AgentsBronchodilator AgentsCentral Nervous System AgentsNasal DecongestantsSympathomimeticsVasoconstrictor Agents
Smiles String Canonical
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CN(C)CCC(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1 Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1
Smiles String Isomeric
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CN(C)CC[C@H](C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1 Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C16H19ClN2/c1-19(2)12-10-15(16-5-3-4-11-18-16)13-6-8-14(17)9-7-13/h3-9,11,15H,10,12H2,1-2H3 Pseudoephedrine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C10H15NO/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3/t8-,10+/m0/s1
Chemical IUPAC Name
Chlorpheniramine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine Pseudoephedrine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (1S,2S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol
Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins
MALEATE 의 Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Protein정보 Replated Protein:Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Drug:maleate Toxicity:hepatic injury. [바로가기]
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