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       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Beta(2)-receptor stimulation in the lung causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, bronchodilation, and increased bronchial airflow.
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic agent. It blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors, without specificity for subtypes, resulting in a decrease in the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Most likely due to actions of cGMP on intracellular calcium, this results in decreased contractility of smooth muscle. 
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       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Fenoterol is a beta agonist designed to open up the airways to the lungs.
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Ipratropium bromide, a synthetic ammonium compound structurally similar to atropine, is used as a bronchodilator in the management of cholinergic-mediated bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in the treatment of rhinorrhea associated with the common cold or with allergic or nonallergic seasonal rhinitis. 
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       Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic.
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Symptoms of overdose include angina (chest pain), dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, headache, heart irregularities, high or low blood pressure, high blood sugar, insomnia, muscle cramps, nausea, nervousness, rapid heartbeat, seizures, and tremor.
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50=1001mg/kg (orally in mice) 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Acebutolol	AntagonismAlseroxylon	Increased arterial pressureAmitriptyline	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectAmoxapine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectAtenolol	AntagonismBetaxolol	AntagonismBevantolol	AntagonismBisoprolol	AntagonismCarteolol	AntagonismCarvedilol	AntagonismClomipramine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectDesipramine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectDeserpidine	Increased arterial pressureDoxepin	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectEsmolol	AntagonismImipramine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectIsocarboxazid	Increased arterial pressureLabetalol	AntagonismLinezolid	Possible increase of arterial pressureMethyldopa	Increased arterial pressureMetoprolol	AntagonismMidodrine	Increased arterial pressureMoclobemide	Moclobemide increases the sympathomimetic effectNadolol	AntagonismNortriptyline	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectOxprenolol	AntagonismPargyline	Increased arterial pressureProtriptyline	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectTrimipramine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectPenbutolol	AntagonismPractolol	AntagonismPhenelzine	Increased arterial pressurePindolol	AntagonismPropranolol	AntagonismSotalol	AntagonismTimolol	AntagonismRasagiline	Increased arterial pressureReserpine	Increased arterial pressureTranylcypromine	Increased arterial pressure
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take without regard to meals.
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic. [PubChem]
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to atropine but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic. [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Aerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)Aerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)Solution	Respiratory (inhalation)
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Aerosol, metered	NasalAerosol, metered	Respiratory (inhalation)Liquid	NasalLiquid	Respiratory (inhalation)Solution	NasalSolution	Respiratory (inhalation)Spray, metered	Nasal 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Adrenergic beta-AgonistsBronchodilator AgentsSympathomimeticsTocolytic Agents
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ AntimuscarinicsAntispasmodicsBronchodilator AgentsCholinergic Antagonists 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)NCC(O)C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(C)[N+]1(C)C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(C)[N+]1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C17H21NO4/c1-11(6-12-2-4-14(19)5-3-12)18-10-17(22)13-7-15(20)9-16(21)8-13/h2-5,7-9,11,17-22H,6,10H2,1H3
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C20H30NO3/c1-14(2)21(3)16-9-10-17(21)12-18(11-16)24-20(23)19(13-22)15-7-5-4-6-8-15/h4-8,14,16-19,22H,9-13H2,1-3H3/q+1/t16-,17-,18?,19?,21?/m1/s1 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Fenoterol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
  Ipratropium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ [(1R,5R)-8-methyl-8-propan-2-yl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate 
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  The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score)  I(Marginal)  0(Active)  0[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  0.1[SGOT Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  0[SGPT Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  0[LDH Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  0[GGT Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  0
 
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