Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux.
Pharmacology
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamine has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells.
Protein Binding
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 90-94%
Half-life
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available
Absorption
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic
Toxicity
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
Drug Interactions
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Amphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsBenzphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDexfenfluramine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDiethylpropion Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsFenfluramine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsMazindol Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsMethamphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhendimetrazine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDextroamphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhenmetrazine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhentermine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhenylpropanolamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsTranylcypromine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationPhenelzine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationIsocarboxazid Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationPargyline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationBromocriptine The phenothiazine decreases the effect of bromocriptineCisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGatifloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGrepafloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGuanethidine he agent decreases the effect of guanethidineLevofloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTerfenadine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasSparfloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasRivastigmine Possible antagonism of actionDonepezil Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine Possible antagonism of actionMetrizamide Increased risk of convulsions Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Ginseng is promoted as an adaptogen (a product that increases the body's resistance to stress), one which can to a certain extent be supported with reference to its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. Ginseng is also known to contain phytoestrogens. Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. [PubChem]
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Smiles String Canonical
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1
Smiles String Isomeric
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1
InChI Identifier
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1/f/h13H2
Chemical IUPAC Name
Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol