Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Ethambutol is an oral chemotherapeutic agent which is specifically effective against actively growing microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosis. Ethambutol inhibits RNA synthesis and decreases tubercle bacilli replication. Nearly all strains of M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii as well as a number of strains of MAC are sensitive to ethambutol.
Metabolism
Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available
Protein Binding
Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 20-30%
Half-life
Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ In patients with normal renal function, 3 to 4 hours. In patients with impaired renal function, up to 8 hours.
Absorption
Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ About 75% to 80% of an orally administered dose of ethambutol is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. Up to 15% of administered drug is metabolized to inactive metabolites. The main path of metabolism appears to be an initial oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehydic intermediate, followed by conversion to a dicarboxylic acid.
Toxicity
Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ The most commonly recognized toxic effect of ethambutol is optic neuropathy, which generally is considered uncommon and reversible in medical literature. Other side effects that have been observed are pruritus, joint pain, gastrointestinal upset, abdominal pain, malaise, headache, dizziness, mental confusion, disorientation, and possible hallucinations.
Drug Interactions
Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Ethambutol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)
The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. ETHAMBUTOL [GGT Increase] [Composite Activity] (Score) NA (Marginal) 0 (Active) 0
[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase] (Activity Score) NA (Number of Rpts) NA (Index value) NA
[SGOT Increase] (Activity Score) NA (Number of Rpts) NA (Index value) NA
[SGPT Increase] (Activity Score) NA (Number of Rpts) NA (Index value) NA
[LDH Increase] (Activity Score) NA (Number of Rpts) NA (Index value) NA
[GGT Increase] (Activity Score) NA (Number of Rpts) NA (Index value) NA