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    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ By deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, Nisoldipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Nisoldipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, is used alone or with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, to treat hypertension, chronic stable angina pectoris, and Prinzmetal's variant angina. Nisoldipine is similar to other peripheral vasodilators. Nisoldipine inhibits the influx of extra cellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes possibly by deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 99% 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 7-12 hours 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Relatively well absorbed into the systemic circulation with 87% of the radiolabeled drug recovered in urine and feces. The absolute bioavailability of nisoldipine is about 5%. 
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Pre-systemic metabolism in the gut wall, and this metabolism decreases from the proximal to the distal parts of the intestine. Nisoldipine is highly metabolized; 5 major urinary metabolites have been identified. The major biotransformation pathway appears to be the hydroxylation of the isobutyl ester. A hydroxylated derivative of the side chain, present in plasma at concentrations approximately equal to the parent compound, appears to be the only active metabolite and has about 10% of the activity of the parent compound. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are believed to play a major role in the metabolism of nisoldipine. The particular isoenzyme system responsible for its metabolism has not been identified, but other dihydropyridines are metabolized by cytochrome P450 IIIA4. 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Amobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinAprobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinButalbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinButabarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinButethal	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinDihydroquinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinHeptabarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinHexobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinMethohexital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinMethylphenobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinTalbutal	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinSecobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinQuinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinPrimidone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinPhenobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinPentobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinWarfarin	Griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol	Griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol	Griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effectAnisindione	Griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effectAspirin	Anticipate decrease of ASA efficiency in presence of griseofulvinChlorotrianisene	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesClomifene	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesCyclosporine	Griseofulvin decreases the effect of cyclosporineDiethylstilbestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstradiol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstriol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesConjugated Estrogens	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstrone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstropipate	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMedroxyprogesterone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMegestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEthinyl Estradiol	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectQuinestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMestranol	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectNorethindrone	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
  SUBSTRATES 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
Macrolide antibiotics: 
clarithromycin 
erythromycin 
NOT azithromycin 
telithromycin 
Anti-arrhythmics: 
quinidine 
Benzodiazepines: 
alprazolam 
diazepam 
midazolam 
triazolam 
Immune Modulators: 
cyclosporine 
tacrolimus (FK506) 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
ritonavir 
saquinavir 
Prokinetic: 
cisapride 
Antihistamines: 
astemizole 
chlorpheniramine 
Calcium Channel Blockers: 
amlodipine 
diltiazem 
felodipine 
nifedipine 
**nisoldipine** 
nitrendipine 
verapamil 
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors: 
atorvastatin 
cerivastatin 
lovastatin 
NOT pravastatin 
simvastatin 
aripiprazole 
buspirone 
gleevec 
haloperidol (in part) 
methadone 
pimozide 
quinine 
NOT rosuvastatin 
sildenafil 
tamoxifen 
trazodone 
vincristine 
 INHIBITORS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
nelfinavir 
ritonavir 
amiodarone 
NOT azithromycin 
cimetidine 
clarithromycin 
diltiazem 
erythromycin 
fluvoxamine 
grapefruit juice 
itraconazole 
ketoconazole 
mibefradil 
nefazodone 
troleandomycin 
verapamil 
 INDUCERS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
carbamazepine 
phenobarbital 
phenytoin 
rifabutin 
rifampin 
St. John's wort 
troglitazone 
 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Do not take with grapefruit juice as this has been shown to interfere with nisoldipine metabolism, resulting in a mean increase in Cmax of about 3-fold (up to about 7-fold) and AUC of almost 2-fold (up to 5-fold). 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina. [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Tablet, coated	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antihypertensive AgentsCalcium Channel BlockersVasodilator Agents 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OCC(C)C 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C([C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OCC(C)C 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C20H24N2O6/c1-11(2)10-28-20(24)17-13(4)21-12(3)16(19(23)27-5)18(17)14-8-6-7-9-15(14)22(25)26/h6-9,11,18,21H,10H2,1-5H3 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ O5-methyl O3-(2-methylpropyl) 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 
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