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      ±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: DIBUCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEHEAVY SOLUTION NUPERCAINE (DIBUCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE) 
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    256  (Ä¡Áú¿ëÁ¦                                                        )
      
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       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Aluminum Acetate is an astringent.  An astrignent is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topical medicinal application.  The shrinkage or constriction is through osmotic flow of water (or other fluids) away from the area where the astringent was applied.  Astringent medicines cause shrinkage of mucous membranes or exposed tissues and are often used internally to check discharge of blood serum or mucous secretions. This can happen with a sore throat, hemorrhages, diarrhea, or with peptic ulcers. Externally applied astringents, which cause mild coagulation of skin proteins, dry, harden, and protect the skin. Acne sufferers are often advised to use astringents if they have oily skin. Astringents also help heal stretch marks and other scars. Mild astringent solutions are used in the relief of such minor skin irritations as those resulting from superficial cuts, allergies, insect bites, or fungal infections such as athlete's foot.
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Local anesthetics block both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane's permeability to sodium ions. This reversibly stabilizes the membrane and inhibits depolarization, resulting in the failure of a propagated action potential and subsequent conduction blockade.
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Glucocorticoids such as Prednisolone can inhibit leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interfere with mediators of inflammatory response, and suppress humoral immune responses. The antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Prednisolone reduces inflammatory reaction by limiting the capillary dilatation and permeability of the vascular structures. These compounds restrict the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages and reduce the release of vasoactive kinins. Recent research suggests that corticosteroids may inhibit the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids, thereby reducing the formation of prostaglandins. Prednisolone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. On binding, the corticoreceptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing an increase or decrease in expression of specific target genes, including suppression of IL2 (interleukin 2) expression. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Dibucaine is an amide-type local anesthetic, similar to lidocaine.
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used as antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive agent. Prednisolone is indicated in the treatment of various conditions, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, allergic corneal marginal ulcers, symptomatic sarcoidosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults, leukemias and lymphomas in adults, and ulcerative colitis. Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical steroids and cause profound and varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body's immune responses to diverse stimuli. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)Cholinesterase
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Very high (>90%) 
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       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 2-3 hours 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ In general, ionized forms (salts) of local anesthetics are not readily absorbed through intact skin. However, both nonionized (bases) and ionized forms of local anesthetics are readily absorbed through traumatized or abraded skin into the systemic circulation.
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Readily absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma concentration is reached 1-2 hours after administration. 
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       Dibucaine HClÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
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 Prednisolone acetateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic.
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Excreted in the urine as either free or glucoconjugate. 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Subcutaneous LD50 in rat is 27 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, hypoxia, acidosis, bradycardia, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50=500 mg/kg (oral, rat), short-term side effects include high blood glucose levels and fluid retention. Long term side effects include Cushing's syndrome, weight gain, osteoporosis, glaucoma, type II diabetes and adrenal suppression. 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Cyclosporine	Synercid increases the effect of cyclosporineAmlodipine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityArsenic trioxide	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityAstemizole	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityAtorvastatin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityCarbamazepine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityCerivastatin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityCisapride	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityClarithromycin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDelavirdine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDiazepam	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDihydroquinidine barbiturate	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDiltiazem	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDisopyramide	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDocetaxel	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDofetilide	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDroperidol	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityErythromycin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityEtoposide	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFelbamate	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFelodipine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFlecainide	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFoscarnet	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFosphenytoin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityGatifloxacin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityGrepafloxacin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityHalofantrine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityIndinavir	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityIsradipine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLercanidipine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLevofloxacin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLosartan	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLevomethadyl Acetate	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLidocaine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLovastatin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityMethylprednisolone	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityMidazolam	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityMoexipril	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityMoxifloxacin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityNevirapine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityNicardipine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityNifedipine	Synercid increases the effect of ziprasidoneNimodipine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityNisoldipine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityOctreotide	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityPaclitaxel	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityPentamidine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityQuetiapine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityQuinidine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityQuinidine barbiturate	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityRitonavir	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicitySalmeterol	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicitySimvastatin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTacrolimus	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTamoxifen	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTeniposide	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTerfenadine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTizanidine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVenlafaxine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVerapamil	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVinblastine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVincristine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVindesine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVinorelbine	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Methotrexate	The NSAID increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexateLithium	The NSAID increases serum levels of lithiumAcenocoumarol	The NSAID increases the anticoagulant effect
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Ambenonium	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesEdrophonium	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesNeostigmine	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesPyridostigmine	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesWarfarin	The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol	The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectDicumarol	The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectAnisindione	The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectMidodrine	Increased arterial pressureAspirin	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesBismuth Subsalicylate	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalicylate-magnesium	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalicylate-sodium	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalsalate	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesTrisalicylate-choline	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesTalbutal	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidSecobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidQuinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrimidone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPhenobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPentobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMethylphenobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMethohexital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHexobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHeptabarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDihydroquinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButethal	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButalbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButabarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidAprobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidAmobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidChlorotrianisene	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidClomifene	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidDiethylstilbestrol	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEstradiol	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEstriol	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidConjugated Estrogens	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEstrone	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEstropipate	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEthinyl Estradiol	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidMestranol	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidQuinestrol	The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEthotoin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidFosphenytoin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMephenytoin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPhenytoin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidRifampin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidItraconazole	The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of the corticosteroidKetoconazole	The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of the corticosteroid 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take with food to reduce gastric irritation.Avoid alcohol. Avoid caffeine. 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. [PubChem]
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006)
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [PubChem] 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anesthetics, Local
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Adrenergic AgentsAnti-inflammatory AgentsAntineoplastic AgentsAntineoplastic Agents, HormonalGlucocorticoids 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ [Al]
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCCCOC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)NCCN(CC)CC
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC12CC(O)C3C(CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC34C)C1CCC2(O)C(=O)CO 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ [Al]
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCCCOC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)NCCN(CC)CC
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ C[C@]12C[C@H](O)[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]2(O)C(=O)CO 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/Al
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C20H29N3O2/c1-4-7-14-25-19-15-17(16-10-8-9-11-18(16)22-19)20(24)21-12-13-23(5-2)6-3/h8-11,15H,4-7,12-14H2,1-3H3,(H,21,24)/f/h21H
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C21H28O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h5,7,9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-4,6,8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ aluminum
  Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-butoxy-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)quinoline-4-carboxamide
  Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 
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    | Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins | 
    
      PREDNISOLONE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:DNA topoisomerase 1 Drug:prednisolone Toxicity:appearance of apoptotic cells.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] 
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