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µå·°ÀÎÆ÷¿¡¼´Â ÀǾàǰ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÆÇ¸Å¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. |
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À¯·áÁ¤º¸¸ñ·ÏÀº Àü¹®È¸¿øÀ¸·Î
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À§»ê°ú´Ù, ¼Ó¾²¸², À§ºÎºÒÄè°¨, À§ºÎÆØ¸¸°¨, üÇÔ, ±¸¿ª, ±¸Åä, À§Åë, ½ÅÆ®¸², ½Ä¿å°¨Åð(½Ä¿åºÎÁø), ¼ÒȺҷ®, °ú½Ä
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* Àý´ë ÀÓÀǺ¹¿ëÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã°í ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»ç¿Í »ó´ãÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
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¼ºÀÎ 1ȸ 1Æ÷¸¦ 1ÀÏ 3ȸ ½ÄÈÄ¿¡ º¹¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
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1) ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ È°¼º¹°Áú¿¡ °ú¹Î¹ÝÀÀÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ
2) ÀåÆó»öÁõ, ÇùÂøÁõ, ÀÌ¿ÏÁõ, ¸ÍÀå¿°, Àå¿°(Å©·Ðº´, ±Ë¾ç¼º´ëÀå¿°), º¹Åë, ¼öºÐ ¹× ÀüÇØÁú °í°¥·Î ÀÎÇÑ ½É°¢ÇÑ Å»¼ö»óŰ¡ Àִ ȯÀÚ
3) ¼öÀ¯ºÎ(ÀÌ ¾à¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ´ëȲ Áß ¾ÈÆ®¶óÄû³í À¯µµÃ¼´Â ¸ðÀ¯ÁßÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇàµÇ¾î ¿µ¾Æ¿¡°Ô ¼³»ç¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¼öÀ¯Áß¿¡´Â ¾à¹°º¹¿ëÀ» ±ÝÇϰųª ¼öÀ¯¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÑ´Ù)
4) ÀÌ ¾àÀº 3°³¿ù ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ¿µ¾Æ¿¡°Ô´Â º¹¿ë½ÃŰÁö ¸» °Í. 3°³¿ù ÀÌ»óÀÌ¶óµµ 1¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ¿µ¾Æ¿¡°Ô´Â º¹¿ë½ÃŰÁö ¸» °Í.
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1) ½ÅÀå¾Ö ȯÀÚ
2) ´Ù¸¥ ¾à¹°À» º¹¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ : °½É¹è´çü, Ç׺ÎÁ¤¸ÆÀǾàǰ, QT-¿¬ÀåÁõÈıº, ÀÌ´¢Á¦, ÄÚ¸£Æ¼ÄÚ½ºÅ×·ÎÀÌµå ¹× °¨Ãʸ¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¾à¹°À» º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´ëȲÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¾àÀ» º¹¿ëÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ÀÇ»ç¿Í »óÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3) ¼³»ç, ¹±Àº º¯ÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷(Áõ»óÀÌ ¾Ç鵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)
4) ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô À§ÀåÀÌ Çã¾àÇÑ »ç¶÷(½Ä¿åºÎÁø, º¹Åë, ¼³»ç µîÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)
5) ½Ä¿åºÎÁø, ±¸¿ª, ±¸ÅäÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷(Áõ»óÀÌ ¾Ç鵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)
6) ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô Ã¼·ÂÀÌ ¼è¾àÇØÁø »ç¶÷(ÀÌ»ó¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ½±°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ±× Áõ»óÀÌ ¾Ç鵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)
7) ¼÷º¯ÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ¿Í ¹ÌÁø´ÜÀÇ ±Þ¼º ¶Ç´Â Áö¼Ó¼º À§Àå°üÀå¾ÖÀÇ Áõ»óÀº ÀåÆó»öÁõÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ̳ª Á¸ÀçÀÇ ½ÅÈ£À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áõ»óÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷
8) ÀӺΠ¶Ç´Â ÀÓ½ÅÇϰí ÀÖÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¿©¼º |
| ÀÌ»ó¹ÝÀÀ |
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ º¹¿ëÀ» Áï°¢ ÁßÁöÇϰí ÀÇ»ç, Ä¡°úÀÇ»ç, ¾à»ç¿Í »óÀÇÇÒ °Í. »ó´ã½Ã ÀÌ Ã·ºÎ¹®¼¸¦ ¼ÒÁöÇÒ °Í.
1) ÀÌ ¾àÀ» º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È º¹Åë, °æ·Ã, º¯ºñ ¶Ç´Â ¼³»çÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °æ¿ì
2) À§¾Ëµµ½ºÅ×·ÐÁõ : ¿ä·®ÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇϰųª ¾ó±¼°ú ¼Õ¹ßÀÌ º×°í, ´«²¨Ç®ÀÌ ¹«°Å¿öÁö°í, ¼ÕÀÌ ±»¾îÁö°í, Ç÷¾ÐÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö°Å³ª µÎÅë µî(1ÀÏ ÃÖ´ë º¹¿ë·®ÀÌ °¨Ãʷμ 1g ÀÌ»óÀÎ Á¦Á¦´Â Àå±â°£ °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© º¹¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì ÀúÄ®·ýÇ÷Áõ, Ç÷¾Ð»ó½Â, ³ªÆ®·ý ü¾×ÀÇ Àú·ù, ºÎÁ¾, üÁßÁõ°¡ µîÀÇ À§¾Ëµµ½ºÅ×·ÐÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °üÂû(Ç÷ûĮ·ýÄ¡ÀÇ ÃøÁ¤)À» ÃæºÐÈ÷ Çϰí ÀÌ»óÀÌ È®ÀεǴ °æ¿ì º¹¿ëÀ» ÁßÁöÇÒ °Í)
3) ±Ùº´Áõ : ÀúÄ®·ýÇ÷ÁõÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼ ±Ùº´ÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °üÂûÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÇÏ°í ¹«·Â°¨, »çÁö°æ·Ã, ¸¶ºñ µîÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀÌ È®ÀεǴ °æ¿ì
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1) 2ÁÖ Á¤µµ º¹¿ëÇÏ¿©µµ Áõ»óÀÇ °³¼±ÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ º¹¿ëÀ» Áï°¢ ÁßÁöÇϰí ÀÇ»ç, Ä¡°úÀÇ»ç, ¾à»ç¿Í »óÀÇÇÒ °Í. »ó´ã½Ã ÀÌ Ã·ºÎ¹®¼¸¦ ¼ÒÁöÇÒ °Í.
2) Á¤ÇØÁø ¿ë¹ý¡¤¿ë·®À» Àß Áöų °Í.
3) ³ªÆ®·ý Á¦ÇÑ ½ÄÀ̸¦ ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ |
| ¼öÀ¯ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åõ¿© |
¼öÀ¯ºÎ(ÀÌ ¾à¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ´ëȲ Áß ¾ÈÆ®¶óÄû³í À¯µµÃ¼´Â ¸ðÀ¯ÁßÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇàµÇ¾î ¿µ¾Æ¿¡°Ô ¼³»ç¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¼öÀ¯Áß¿¡´Â ¾à¹°º¹¿ëÀ» ±ÝÇϰųª ¼öÀ¯¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÑ´Ù) |
| º¸°ü ¹× Ãë±Þ»óÀÇ ÁÖÀÇ |
1) ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ¼ÕÀÌ ´êÁö ¾Ê´Â °÷¿¡ º¸°üÇÒ °Í.
2) ÀǾàǰÀ» ¿ø·¡ ¿ë±â¿¡¼ ²¨³»¾î ´Ù¸¥ ¿ë±â¿¡ º¸°üÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀǾàǰ ¿À¿ë¿¡ µû¸¥ »ç°í ¹ß»ýÀ̳ª ÀǾàǰ ǰÁú ÀúÇÏÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¿ë±â¿¡ ³Ö°í ²À ´Ý¾Æ º¸°üÇÒ °Í.
3) Á÷»ç±¤¼±À» ÇÇÇÏ°í µÇµµ·Ï ½À±â°¡ ÀûÀº ¼´ÃÇÑ °÷¿¡ º¸°üÇÒ °Í.
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| Related FDA Approved Drug |
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µå·°ÀÎÆ÷ ÀǾàǰ ¿ä¾à/»ó¼¼Á¤º¸
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ÀüüÀӽŠ±â°£º°·Î ¿©·¯µî±ÞÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ º¸¿©Áý´Ï´Ù. ´Ü, º¹ÇÕÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ðµç º¹ÇÕÁ¦¼ººÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©µî±ÞÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÀº Àý´ë ¾Æ´Ï¸ç Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÁß¿¡ °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù.
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»ó±â ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Àü»êó¸® µÇ¸é¼ ÀÔ·Â ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀ» ±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±× Á¤È®¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© È®½ÅÀ» µå¸± ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ȸ»ç´Â Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
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¹Ýµå½Ã °ø½Å·Â ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÇåÀ» ´Ù½Ã Çѹø Âü°í ÇϽñ⠹ٶó¸ç ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»çÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ µû¶ó Åõ¿©¿©ºÎ°¡ °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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| DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) |
º´¿ë±Ý±â :
°í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
[»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]
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°í½ÃµÈ ¿¬·É±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
[¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â»ó¼¼°Ë»ö]
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| µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do |
| Mechanism of Action |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Not Available
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Menthol is classified as a calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blockers are a class of drugs with effects on many excitable cells of the body, like the muscle of the heart, smooth muscles of the vessels or neuron cells. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the heart and in the blood vessels. This prevents calcium levels from increasing as much in the cells when stimulated, leading to less contraction.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Phenobarbital acts on GABAA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition. This has the effect of elevating seizure threshold and reducing the spread of seizure activity from a seizure focus. Phenobarbital may also inhibit calcium channels, resulting in a decrease in excitatory transmitter release. The sedative-hypnotic effects of phenobarbital are likely the result of its effect on the polysynaptic midbrain reticular formation, which controls CNS arousal.
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| Pharmacology |
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. Menthol's ability to chemically trigger cold-sensitive receptors in the skin is responsible for the well known cooling sensation that it provokes when inhalated, eaten, or applied to the skin. It should be noted that menthol does not cause an actual drop in temperature.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Phenobarbital, the longest-acting barbiturate, is used for its anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic properties in the management of all seizure disorders except absence (petit mal).
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| Metabolism |
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)
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| Protein Binding |
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 20 to 45%
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| Half-life |
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 53 to 118 hours (mean 79 hours)
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| Absorption |
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorbed in varying degrees following oral, rectal or parenteral administration. The salts are more rapidly absorbed than are the acids. The rate of absorption is increased if the sodium salt is ingested as a dilute solution or taken on an empty stomach.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Sodium BicarbonateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- È¿°ú ¹ßÇö ½Ã±â :
- °æ±¸ : 15ºÐ
- Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç : ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ ¹ßÇö
- ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó ½Ã°£ :
- °æ±¸ : 1-3 ½Ã°£
- Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç : 8-10 ºÐ
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : °æ±¸Á¦ Åõ¿©½Ã À§»êÀ» ÁßÈÇϰí ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¸¦ »ý¼ºÇϸç, °úµµÇÑ Áßź»êÀÌ Ç÷ÀåÀ» Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ¼Ò½Ç : ½ÅÀå¿¡¼ ÀçÈí¼öµÇ¸ç, 1% ¹Ì¸¸ÀÌ ´¢¹è¼³µÊ
Calcium CarbonateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°üÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ¿ÂÈ ÇüÅ·ΠÈí¼öµÇ¸ç ºñŸ¹Î D°¡ ÇÊ¿ä;»ê¼º¿¡¼ Èí¼öÁõ°¡
- »ýü³»ÀÌ¿ë·ü : 4-45 %
- À½½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¿µÇâ : Ä®½·Èí¼ö(10-30 %)Áõ°¡
¼¶À¯¼Ò°¡ ¸¹Àº À½½ÄÀº À§Àå°ü ¹èÃâ½Ã°£À» Áöü½ÃÄÑ Ä®½·Èí¼ö¸¦ ÀúÇϽÃÅ´
- ºÐÆ÷ : ŹÝÅë°ú; À¯ÁóºÐºñ
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 45 %
- ¼Ò½Ç : Èí¼öµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº Ä®½·Àº ÁÖ·Î º¯À¸·Î ¹è¼³
½Å¹è¼³ : 20 % (50-300 mg/day)
Magnesium CarbonateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ¸¶±×³×½·ÀÌ À§Àå°ü¿¡¼ Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ¼Ò½Ç : ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ º¯¹è¼³µÇ°í, Èí¼öµÈ ¸¶±×³×½·Àº ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
PhenobarbitalÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- °æ±¸ :
- ¼ö¸éÈ¿°ú ¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : 20-60ºÐ À̳»
- ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ : 6-10 ½Ã°£
- Á¤¸ÆÅõ¿© :
- ÀÛ¿ë¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : 5ºÐ À̳»
- ÃÖ´ëÈ¿°ú ¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : 30ºÐ À̳»
- ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ : 4-10 ½Ã°£
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : 70-90%
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 20-45%, ½Å»ý¾Æ¿¡¼´Â °¨¼ÒµÊ
- ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ hydroxylationµÇ°í glucuronide Æ÷ÇÕµÊ
- ¹Ý°¨±â :
- ½Å»ý¾Æ : 45-500 ½Ã°£
- ¿µ¾Æ : 20-133 ½Ã°£
- ¼Ò¾Æ : 37-73 ½Ã°£
- ¼ºÀÎ : 53-140 ½Ã°£
- Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : °æ±¸ : 1-6 ½Ã°£ À̳»
- ¼Ò½Ç : 20-50%°¡ ¼Òº¯À¸·Î ¹Ìº¯È ¹è¼³µÊ
MentholÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ¼Ò½Ç : Èí¼öµÈ ¾à¹°Àº glucuronide Æ÷ÇÕü·Î¼ ¼Òº¯ ¹× ´ãÁóÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
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| Biotransformation |
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic (mostly via CYP2C19).
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| Toxicity |
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Menthol, DL: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2900 mg/kg [Rat], 3100 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 5001 mg/kg [Rabbit].
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ CNS and respiratory depression which may progress to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, areflexia, constriction of the pupils to a slight degree (though in severe poisoning they may wshow paralytic dilation), oliguria, tachycardia, hypotension, lowered body temperature, and coma. Typical shock syndrome (apnea, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death) may occur.
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| Drug Interactions |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesGatifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesGemifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the absorption of delavirdineDihydroquinidine barbiturate The antiacid decreases the absorption of quinidineFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirQuinidine The antiacid decreases the absorption of quindineQuinidine barbiturate The antiacid decreases the absorption of quinidinePolystyrene sulfonate Risk of alkalosis in renal impairmentRosuvastatin The antiacid decreases the absorption of rosuvastatin
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Aminophylline The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineDyphylline The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineOxtriphylline The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineTheophylline The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineAnisindione The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectWarfarin The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectBetamethasone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidCortisone acetate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidCyclosporine The barbiturate decreases the effect of cyclosporineDasatinib Decreased levels/efficacy of ddasatinibDelavirdine The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of delavirdineDexamethasone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDisopyramide Phenobarbital decreases levels of disopyramideDoxycycline The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycyclineFelbamate Felbamate increases the effect and toxicity of phenobarbital/primidoneFelodipine The barbiturate decreases the effect of felodipineFludrocortisone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidFolic Acid Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsantGefitinib This CYP3A4 inducer may reduce gefitinib plasma concentrations and pharmacological effectsGriseofulvin The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinHydrocortisone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidItraconazole The barbiturate decreases the effect of itraconazoleMethadone The barbiturate decreases the effect of methadoneMethylprednisolone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisolone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidParamethasone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidTriamcinolone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidVoriconazole The barbiturate decreases the effect of voriconazoleVerapamil The barbiturate decreases the effect of the calcium channel blockerSunitinib Possible decrease in sunitinib levelsPropranolol The barbiturate decreases the effect of the metabolized beta-blockerMetoprolol The barbiturate decreases the effect of the metabolized beta-blockerMethoxyflurane The barbiturate increases the renal toxicity of methoxyfluraneMetronidazole The barbiturate decreases the effect of metronidazoleNifedipine The barbiturate decreases the effect of the calcium channel blockerQuinidine The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidineDivalproex sodium Valproic acid increases the effect of barbiturateChlorotrianisene The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesClomifene The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesDiethylstilbestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstradiol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstriol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesConjugated Estrogens The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstrone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstropipate The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesImatinib Phenobarbital decreases levels of imatinibLevonorgestrel Phenobarbital decreases the effect of levonorgestrelMedroxyprogesterone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesMegestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesQuinestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesNorethindrone This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectMestranol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectEthinyl Estradiol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
SUBSTRATES
CYP 2B6
bupropion
cyclophosphamide
efavirenz
ifosfamide
methadone
INHIBITORS
CYP 2B6
thiotepa
ticlopidine
INDUCERS
CYP 2B6
**phenobarbital**
phenytoin
rifampin
SUBSTRATES
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
Macrolide antibiotics:
clarithromycin
erythromycin
NOT azithromycin
telithromycin
Anti-arrhythmics:
quinidine
Benzodiazepines:
alprazolam
diazepam
midazolam
triazolam
Immune Modulators:
cyclosporine
tacrolimus (FK506)
HIV Protease Inhibitors:
indinavir
ritonavir
saquinavir
Prokinetic:
cisapride
Antihistamines:
astemizole
chlorpheniramine
Calcium Channel Blockers:
amlodipine
diltiazem
felodipine
nifedipine
nisoldipine
nitrendipine
verapamil
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors:
atorvastatin
cerivastatin
lovastatin
NOT pravastatin
simvastatin
aripiprazole
buspirone
gleevec
haloperidol (in part)
methadone
pimozide
quinine
NOT rosuvastatin
sildenafil
tamoxifen
trazodone
vincristine
INHIBITORS
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
HIV Protease Inhibitors:
indinavir
nelfinavir
ritonavir
amiodarone
NOT azithromycin
cimetidine
clarithromycin
diltiazem
erythromycin
fluvoxamine
grapefruit juice
itraconazole
ketoconazole
mibefradil
nefazodone
troleandomycin
verapamil
INDUCERS
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
carbamazepine
**phenobarbital**
phenytoin
rifabutin
rifampin
St. John's wort
troglitazone
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| Food Interaction |
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Avoid alcohol.Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).Increase dietary intake of magnesium, folate, vitamin B6, B12, and/or consider taking a multivitamin.Take on an empty stomach for quicker absorption
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast.
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Magnesium hydroxide is used primarily in "Milk of Magnesia", a white aqueous, mildly alkaline suspension of magnesium hydroxide formulated at about 8%w/v. Milk of magnesia is primarily used to alleviate constipation, but can also be used to relieve indigestion and heartburn. When taken internally by mouth as a laxative, the osmotic force of the magnesia suspension acts to draw fluids from the body and to retain those already within the lumen of the intestine, serving to distend the bowel, thus stimulating nerves within the colon wall, inducing peristalsis and resulting in evacuation of colonic contents.
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. It is a waxy, crystalline substance, clear or white in color, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (-)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. [PubChem]
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| Drug Category |
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Not Available
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antipruritics
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ AnticonvulsantsExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsGABA ModulatorsHypnotics and Sedatives
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ Not Available
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ [Mg++]
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ Not Available
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ [Mg++]
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1O
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| InChI Identifier |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/Mg/q+2
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C10H20O/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(3)6-10(9)11/h7-11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9+,10-/m1/s1
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C12H12N2O3/c1-2-12(8-6-4-3-5-7-8)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h3-7H,2H2,1H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17)/f/h13-14H
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
Magnesium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ magnesium(+2) cation
Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
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