의사의 치료를 받고 있는 환자는 복용하기 전에 의사, 치과의사, 약사와 상의하며, 다음의 부작용이 있을 경우 복용을 즉각 중지하고 의사, 치과의사, 약사와 상의할 것.
1) 구역, 구토, 묽은 변
2) 피리독신을 1일 50 mg～2 g의 용량으로 장기간 복용하면 감각신경병 또는 신경병증(neuropathy : 말초신경계의 기능적 장애 또는 병적변화)이 나타날 수 있다.
3) 고용량 투여에 의해 소화성 궤양을 촉진시키고 당내성 손상(glucose tolerance impairment : 신체의 포도당을 대사하는 능력 장애), 고요산혈증(hyperuricemia, 혈액 중에 요산이 과잉으로 존재하는 상태), 간손상을 일으킬 수 있다.
1) 용법ㆍ용량을 잘 지키며 일정기간 투여 후 증상의 개선이 없거나 악화될 경우에는 의사, 한의사 또는 약사와 상의한다.
2) 이 약은 생약엑스 배합 제제이므로 때때로 침전이 생기는 경우가 있지만, 약효는 변함이 없고 잘 흔들어 복용할 것
3) 이 약은 경구용으로만 사용하고 주사용으로는 사용하지 않으며, 요를 황색으로 변하게 하여 임상검사치에 영항을 줄 수 있다.
4) 이 약은 벤조산(나트륨)을 포함하고 있어 피부, 눈, 점막에 경미한 자극이 될 수 있다.
보관 및 취급상의 주의
1) 어린이의 손이 닿지 않고, 직사광선을 피하고 될 수 있으면 습기가 적고 서늘한 곳에 밀전하여 보관한다.
2) 오ㆍ남용 방지 및 품질을 보호ㆍ유지하기 위해 다른 용기에 넣지 않는다
Caffeine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. It is now thought that xanthines such as caffeine act as agonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake. Calcium에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available. Ginseng에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine. Vitamin B6, principally in the form of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Riboflavin에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Binds to riboflavin hydrogenase, riboflavin kinase, and riboflavin synthase. Riboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN, riboflavin monophosphate) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is principally derived from its role as a precursor of FAD and the role of this cofactor in the production of the antioxidant reduced glutathione. Reduced glutathione is the cofactor of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases among other things. The glutathione peroxidases are major antioxidant enzymes. Reduced glutathione is generated by the FAD-containing enzyme glutathione reductase.
Pharmacology
Caffeine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Caffeine, a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline, is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates with apnea of prematurity). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other headache types. Over the counter, caffeine is available to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain. Ginseng에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin used in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in those receiving isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH). Vitamin B6 has been found to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a small group of subjects with essential hypertension. Hypertension is another risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Another study showed pyridoxine hydrochloride to inhibit ADP- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and to lower total cholesterol levels and increase HDL-cholesterol levels, again in a small group of subjects. Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, was found to protect vascular endothelial cells in culture from injury by activated platelets. Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical initiating events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human studies have demonstrated that vitamin B6 deficiency affects cellular and humoral responses of the immune system. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in altered lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, impaired antibody production, decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased interleukin (IL)-2 production, among other immunologic activities. Riboflavin에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Riboflavin or vitamin B2 is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and general good health, including regulating thyroid activity. Riboflavin also helps in the prevention or treatment of many types of eye disorders, including some cases of cataracts.
Metabolism
Caffeine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) Ginseng에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) Pyridoxine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Riboflavin에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A)Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Protein Binding
Caffeine에 대한 단백결합 정보 Low (25 to 36%). Pyridoxine에 대한 단백결합 정보 22% Riboflavin에 대한 단백결합 정보 60%
Half-life
Caffeine에 대한 반감기 정보 3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonates Ginseng에 대한 반감기 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 반감기 정보 15-20 days Riboflavin에 대한 반감기 정보 66-84 minutes
Absorption
Caffeine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration. The peak plasma level for caffeine range from 6-10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Ginseng에 대한 Absorption 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Absorption 정보 The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum. Riboflavin에 대한 Absorption 정보 Vitamin B2 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
대사 : 성인 : 거의 대부분이 간에서 대사되며, 탈메틸화되어 paraxanthine (72%), theobromine (20%), theophylline (8%)으로 대사됨
반감기 :
미숙아 : 65-103 시간
완숙아 : 82시간
3-4개월 영아 : 14.4 시간
5-6개월 영아 : 2.6 시간
성인 : 3-7.5 시간 (평균 4.9 시간)
임신부 : 18시간까지
혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 15-45분
소실 :
성인 : 미변화체로 신배설되는 양은 0.5-3.5%
신생아 : 거의 대부분 미변화체로 신배설됨
Riboflavin의 약물동력학자료
흡수 :
위장관으로부터 잘 흡수된다.
음식물에 의해 흡수양이 증가한다.
간염, 간경화, 담관폐색이 있는 환자에서 흡수가 감소한다.
분포 : 체내 모든 조직에 널리 분포한다.
반감기 :
초기 상 : 1.4 시간
말기 상 : 14시간
소실 : 미변화체로 신배설되는 양은 약 9%이다.
Nicotinamide의 약물동력학자료
작용발현시간 : pellagra : 24시간
흡수 : 위장관으로부터 신속하게 흡수된다.
분포 :
모든 조직으로 신속하게 분포한다.
태아 및 신생아에서의 농도가 모체의 농도보다 높다.
대사 : 간대사
Nicotinamide는 생체 내에서 niacin의 대사로부터 형성될 수 있다.
Dietrich pathway를 통해 효소적으로 NAD 및 NADP로 전환된다.
반감기 : 45분
혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 20-70분
소실 : 용량의존적으로 미변화체 및 대사체로서 신배설된다. (생리적 용량에서는 소량만이 미변화체로 신배설되나 고용량 투여시 주로 미변화체로 신배설된다.)
Calcium pantothenate의 약물동력학자료
흡수 : 경구 : 잘 흡수된다.
소실 : 약 70%는 미변화체로 소변을 통해, 약 30%는 대변을 통해 배설된다.
Biotransformation
Caffeine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP 1A2) is involved in caffeine biotransformation. About 80% of a dose of caffeine is metabolized to paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine), 10% to theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and 4% to theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine). Ginseng에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Not Available Riboflavin에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic.
Toxicity
Caffeine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 LD50=127 mg/kg (orally in mice) Ginseng에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Oral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness. Riboflavin에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available
Drug Interactions
Caffeine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Calcium에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes Ginseng에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Amphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsBenzphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDexfenfluramine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDiethylpropion Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsFenfluramine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsMazindol Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsMethamphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhendimetrazine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDextroamphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhenmetrazine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhentermine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhenylpropanolamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsTranylcypromine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationPhenelzine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationIsocarboxazid Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationPargyline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationBromocriptine The phenothiazine decreases the effect of bromocriptineCisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGatifloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGrepafloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGuanethidine he agent decreases the effect of guanethidineLevofloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTerfenadine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasSparfloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasRivastigmine Possible antagonism of actionDonepezil Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine Possible antagonism of actionMetrizamide Increased risk of convulsions Pyridoxine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Riboflavin에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available
Caffeine에 대한 Description 정보 A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine& Calcium에 대한 Description 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. Ginseng에 대한 Description 정보 Ginseng is promoted as an adaptogen (a product that increases the body's resistance to stress), one which can to a certain extent be supported with reference to its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. Ginseng is also known to contain phytoestrogens. Nicotinamide에 대한 Description 정보 An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. [PubChem] Pyridoxine에 대한 Description 정보 The 4-methanol form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). [PubChem] Riboflavin에 대한 Description 정보 Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. [PubChem]
Dosage Form
Caffeine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralElixir OralLiquid OralPill OralSolution OralSolution / drops OralSuppository RectalSuspension OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral Calcium에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralLiquid DentalLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPaste DentalPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntramuscularSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, chewable Oral Ginseng에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralLiquid OralSolution / drops OralTablet Oral Pyridoxine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid IntramuscularSolution IntramuscularSolution / drops OralTablet Oral Riboflavin에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available
Drug Category
Caffeine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Anorexigenic AgentsCentral Nervous System StimulantsPhosphodiesterase Inhibitors Ginseng에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Not Available Nicotinamide에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Vitamin B Complex Pyridoxine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex) Riboflavin에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Photosensitizing AgentsRadiation-Sensitizing AgentsVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Smiles String Canonical
Caffeine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N2C Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 Not Available Ginseng에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 Not Available Nicotinamide에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 Pyridoxine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O Riboflavin에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(CC(O)C(O)C(O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
Smiles String Isomeric
Caffeine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N2C Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 Not Available Ginseng에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 Not Available Nicotinamide에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 Pyridoxine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O Riboflavin에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
InChI Identifier
Caffeine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3 Calcium에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 Not Available Ginseng에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 Not Available Nicotinamide에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9)/f/h7H2 Pyridoxine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C8H11NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3 Riboflavin에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C17H20N4O6/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(5-11(23)14(25)12(24)6-22)15-13(18-9)16(26)20-17(27)19-15/h3-4,11-12,14,22-25H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,26,27)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1/f/h20H
Chemical IUPAC Name
Caffeine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione Calcium에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available Ginseng에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available Nicotinamide에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 pyridine-3-carboxamide Pyridoxine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol Riboflavin에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins
CAFFEINE 의 Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Protein정보 Replated Protein:Metallothionein Drug:caffeine Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [바로가기]
사용자컨텐츠
항목
내용
최근정보수정일 2022-05-06
본 수정일 정보는 허가정보 이외의 기타정보 수정일을 의미하므로, 허가정보수정일은 본문에 표기된 날짜를 참조하시기 바랍니다.
알림
상세정보는 식품의약품안전처의 제품허가사항을 토대로 작성되었으며 요약정보는 상세정보 및 기타문헌을 기반으로 드럭인포에서 편집한 내용입니다. 제품허가사항의 목차와 다소 상이할 수 있습니다.
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