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	          ÀüüÀӽŠ±â°£º°·Î ¿©·¯µî±ÞÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ º¸¿©Áý´Ï´Ù. ´Ü, º¹ÇÕÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ðµç º¹ÇÕÁ¦¼ººÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©µî±ÞÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÀº Àý´ë ¾Æ´Ï¸ç Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÁß¿¡ °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù. 
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	      FDA : Bµî±Þ 
				        
				         (erythromycin; )
				        
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	          »ó±â ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Àü»êó¸® µÇ¸é¼ ÀÔ·Â ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀ» ±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±× Á¤È®¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© È®½ÅÀ» µå¸± ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ȸ»ç´Â Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
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  Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do  | 
   
  
   
    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Colistin is a surface active agent which penetrates into and disrupts the bacterial cell membrane. Colistin is polycationic and has both hydrophobic and lipophilic moieties. It interacts with the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, changing its permeability. This effect is bactericidal. There is also evidence that polymyxins enter the cell and precipitate cytoplasmic components, primarily ribosomes.
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Erythromycin acts by penetrating the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binding to the 50 S subunit of bacterial ribosomes or near the ¡°P¡± or donor site so that binding of tRNA (transfer RNA) to the donor site is blocked. Translocation of peptides from the ¡°A¡± or acceptor site to the ¡°P¡± or donor site is prevented, and subsequent protein synthesis is inhibited. Erythromycin is effective only against actively dividing organisms. The exact mechanism by which erythmromycin reduces lesions of acne vulgaris is not fully known: however, the effect appears to be due in part to the antibacterial activity of the drug. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic agent. Polymyxins are cationic polypeptides that disrupt the bacterial cell membrane through a detergentlike mechanism. With the development of less toxic agents, such as extended-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins, parenteral polymyxin use was largely abandoned, except for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. More recently, however, the emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, and the lack of new antimicrobial agents have led to the revived use of the polymyxins.
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Erythromycin is produced by a strain of Streptomyces erythraeus and belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics. After absorption, erythromycin diffuses readily into most body fluids. In the absence of meningeal inflammation, low concentrations are normally achieved in the spinal fluid, but the passage of the drug across the blood-brain barrier increases in meningitis. Erythromycin is excreted in breast milk. The drug crosses the placental barrier, but fetal plasma levels are low. Erythromycin is not removed by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Metabolism | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Adenosine deaminaseCytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Erythromycin is largely bound to plasma proteins, and the freely dissociating bound fraction after administration of erythromycin base represents 90% of the total erythromycin absorbed. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Half-life | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 5 hours
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 1.5 hours 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Absorption | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Very poor absorption from gastrointestinal tract.
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Orally administered erythromycin base and its salts are readily absorbed in the microbiologically active form. Topical application of the ophthalmic ointment to the eye may result in absorption into the cornea and aqueous humor. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       Colistin sodium methanesulfonateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
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	-  ¼ºÀÎ : ¼Ò·®ÀÌ À§Àå°ü¿¡¼ Èí¼ö
	
 -  ¿µ¾Æ : ¿¹ÃøÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ ÇöÀúÈ÷ »ó½ÂÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
	
  
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-  Èí¼ö : 
   -  ´Ù¾çÇÏÁö¸¸ base Çüź¸´Ù ¿°ÀÇ ÇüŰ¡ ´õ Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
 
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    -  Èí¼ö·üÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ·Î erythromycin ethylsuccinate 200 mg´Â erythromycin base 125 m¿Í µ¿µîÇÑ Ç÷Á߳󵵸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
   
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	-  Á¤»ó ³ú¸· : 1-12
 
	 -  °¨¿°µÈ ³ú¸· : 7-25
     
 -  ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 75-90%
 
 -  ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ demethylation
 
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	-  ¸»±â ½ÅºÎÀüȯÀÚ : 5-6 ½Ã°£
  
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     | 
   
  
   
    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. Extensively metabolized - after oral administration, less than 5% of the administered dose can be recovered in the active form in the urine. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Toxicity | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral LD50 in rats is 5450 mg/kg. Overdosage with colistimethate can cause neuromuscular blockade characterized by paresthesia, lethargy, confusion, dizziness, ataxia, nystagmus, disorders of speech and apnea. Respiratory muscle paralysis may lead to apnea, respiratory arrest and death.
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Symptoms of overdose include diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, and vomiting. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alfentanil	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of alfentanilAlprazolam	The macrolide increases the effect of the benzodiazepineAminophylline	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineAmiodarone	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasAnisindione	The macrolide increases anticoagulant effectAprepitant	This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases effect and toxicity of aprepitantAstemizole	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasAtorvastatin	The macrolide possibly increases the statin toxicityBretylium	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arryhthmiasBromocriptine	Erythromycin increases serum levels of bromocriptineBuspirone	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of buspironeCabergoline	Erythromycin increases serum levels and toxicity of cabergolineCarbamazepine	The macrolide increases the effect of carbamazepineCerivastatin	The macrolide possibly increases the statin toxicityCilostazol	Erythromycin increases the effect of cilostazolCinacalcet	This macrolide increases the serum levels and toxicity of cinacalcetCisapride	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasCitalopram	Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combinationClozapine	Erythromycin increases the effect of clozapineColchicine	Severe colchicine toxicity can occurCyclosporine	The macrolide increases the effect of cyclosporineDiazepam	The macrolide increases the effect of the benzodiazepineDicumarol	The macrolide increases anticoagulant effectDigoxin	The macrolide increases the effect of digoxin in 10% of patientsDihydroergotamine	Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationDihydroergotoxine	Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationDyphylline	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineDisopyramide	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasDivalproex sodium	Erythromycin increases the effect of valproic acidDocetaxel	The agent increases the serum levels and toxicity of docetaxelDofetilide	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasEletriptan	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of eletriptanEplerenone	This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of eplerenoneErgotamine	Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationErlotinib	This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases levels/toxicity of erlotinibImatinib	The macrolide increases levels of imatinibFelodipine	Erythromycin increases the effect of felodipineFluoxetine	Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combinationGefitinib	This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases levels/toxicity of gefitinibGrepafloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasItraconazole	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of itraconazoleLevofloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasMesoridazine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasMethylergonovine	Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationLovastatin	The macrolide possibly increases the statin toxicityMethylprednisolone	The macrolide increases the effect of corticosteroidMethysergide	Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationMidazolam	The macrolide increases the efect of the benzodiazepineMoxifloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasOxtriphylline	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllinePimozide	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasQuetiapine	This macrolide increases the effect/toxicity of quetiapineQuinidine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasQuinidine barbiturate	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasQuinupristin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityRanolazine	Increased levels of ranolazine - risk of toxicityRepaglinide	This macrolide increases effect of repaglinideRifabutin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the macrolideRifampin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the macrolideRitonavir	Increased toxicity of both agentsSertraline	Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combinationSibutramine	Erythromycin increases the effect and toxicity of sibutramineSildenafil	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of sildenafilSimvastatin	The macrolide possibly increases the statin toxicitySirolimus	The macrolide increases sirolimus levelsSotalol	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasSparfloxacin	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTacrolimus	Erythromycin increases the effect and toxicity of tacrolimusTerfenadine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTheophylline	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineThioridazine	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasVerapamil	Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTriazolam	The macrolide increases the effect of the benzodiazepineVardenafil	The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of vardenafilVinblastine	Erythromycin increases vinblastine toxicityWarfarin	The macrolide increases anticoagulant effectZafirlukast	Erythromycin decreases the effect of zafirlukastErgonovine	Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationEverolimus	The macrolide increases everolimus levels/toxicityLincomycin	Possible antagonism of action with this combinationAcenocoumarol	The macrolide increases anticoagulant effect 
     | 
   
  
   
    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
  SUBSTRATES 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
Macrolide antibiotics: 
clarithromycin 
**erythromycin** 
NOT azithromycin 
telithromycin 
Anti-arrhythmics: 
quinidine 
Benzodiazepines: 
alprazolam 
diazepam 
midazolam 
triazolam 
Immune Modulators: 
cyclosporine 
tacrolimus (FK506) 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
ritonavir 
saquinavir 
Prokinetic: 
cisapride 
Antihistamines: 
astemizole 
chlorpheniramine 
Calcium Channel Blockers: 
amlodipine 
diltiazem 
felodipine 
nifedipine 
nisoldipine 
nitrendipine 
verapamil 
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors: 
atorvastatin 
cerivastatin 
lovastatin 
NOT pravastatin 
simvastatin 
aripiprazole 
buspirone 
gleevec 
haloperidol (in part) 
methadone 
pimozide 
quinine 
NOT rosuvastatin 
sildenafil 
tamoxifen 
trazodone 
vincristine 
 INHIBITORS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
nelfinavir 
ritonavir 
amiodarone 
NOT azithromycin 
cimetidine 
clarithromycin 
diltiazem 
**erythromycin** 
fluvoxamine 
grapefruit juice 
itraconazole 
ketoconazole 
mibefradil 
nefazodone 
troleandomycin 
verapamil 
 INDUCERS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
carbamazepine 
phenobarbital 
phenytoin 
rifabutin 
rifampin 
St. John's wort 
troglitazone 
  SUBSTRATES 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
Macrolide antibiotics: 
clarithromycin 
**erythromycin** 
NOT azithromycin 
telithromycin 
Anti-arrhythmics: 
quinidine 
Benzodiazepines: 
alprazolam 
diazepam 
midazolam 
triazolam 
Immune Modulators: 
cyclosporine 
tacrolimus (FK506) 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
ritonavir 
saquinavir 
Prokinetic: 
cisapride 
Antihistamines: 
astemizole 
chlorpheniramine 
Calcium Channel Blockers: 
amlodipine 
diltiazem 
felodipine 
nifedipine 
nisoldipine 
nitrendipine 
verapamil 
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors: 
atorvastatin 
cerivastatin 
lovastatin 
NOT pravastatin 
simvastatin 
aripiprazole 
buspirone 
gleevec 
haloperidol (in part) 
methadone 
pimozide 
quinine 
NOT rosuvastatin 
sildenafil 
tamoxifen 
trazodone 
vincristine 
 INHIBITORS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
nelfinavir 
ritonavir 
amiodarone 
NOT azithromycin 
cimetidine 
clarithromycin 
diltiazem 
**erythromycin** 
fluvoxamine 
grapefruit juice 
itraconazole 
ketoconazole 
mibefradil 
nefazodone 
troleandomycin 
verapamil 
 INDUCERS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
carbamazepine 
phenobarbital 
phenytoin 
rifabutin 
rifampin 
St. John's wort 
troglitazone 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Avoid alcohol.Take on empty stomach: 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.Take with a full glass of water Avoid taking with grapefruit juice. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
     | 
   
  
   
    | Description | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally. [PubChem]
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Erythromycin is a bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. [PubChem] 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Powder, for solution	Intravenous
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule, coated	OralLiquid	DentalLiquid	OralOintment	OphthalmicPowder	IntravenousPowder	OralPowder, for solution	IntravenousPowder, for solution	OralPowder, for suspension	OralSuspension	OralTablet	Oral 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Category | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Bacterial Agents
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Bacterial Agents 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCC(C)CCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O)C(C)O
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCC1OC(=O)C(C)C(OC2CC(C)(OC)C(O)C(C)O2)C(C)C(OC2OC(C)CC(C2O)N(C)C)C(C)(O)CC(C)C(=O)C(C)C(O)C1(C)O 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC[C@@H](C)CCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)N(C)C)[C@](C)(O)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@]1(C)O 
     | 
   
  
   
    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C52H98N16O13/c1-9-29(6)11-10-12-40(71)59-32(13-19-53)47(76)68-42(31(8)70)52(81)64-35(16-22-56)44(73)63-37-18-24-58-51(80)41(30(7)69)67-48(77)36(17-23-57)61-43(72)33(14-20-54)62-49(78)38(25-27(2)3)66-50(79)39(26-28(4)5)65-45(74)34(15-21-55)60-46(37)75/h27-39,41-42,69-70H,9-26,53-57H2,1-8H3,(H,58,80)(H,59,71)(H,60,75)(H,61,72)(H,62,78)(H,63,73)(H,64,81)(H,65,74)(H,66,79)(H,67,77)(H,68,76)/t29?,30-,31-,32+,33+,34+,35+,36+,37+,38+,39-,41+,42+/m1/s1/f/h58-68H
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C37H67NO13/c1-14-25-37(10,45)30(41)20(4)27(39)18(2)16-35(8,44)32(51-34-28(40)24(38(11)12)15-19(3)47-34)21(5)29(22(6)33(43)49-25)50-26-17-36(9,46-13)31(42)23(7)48-26/h18-26,28-32,34,40-42,44-45H,14-17H2,1-13H3/t18-,19-,20+,21+,22-,23+,24+,25-,26+,28-,29+,30-,31+,32-,34+,35-,36-,37-/m1/s1 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Colistin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ N-[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15R,18S,21S)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-5-methylheptanamide
  Erythromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-dimethylamino-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-1-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins | 
    
      ERYTHROMYCIN ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Misshapen-like kinase(Mink) Drug:Erythromycin Toxicity:torsade de pointes.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 (KvLQT1) Drug:Erythromycin Toxicity:torsade de pointes.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Intercellular adhesion molecule 1  Drug:erythromycin Toxicity:pathogenesis of infusion phlebitis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:HERG Drug:Erythromycin Toxicity:torsade de pointes.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alanine aminotransferase Drug:erythromycin  Toxicity:adverse gastrointestinal effects.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] 
     | 
   
    
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  The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. ERYTHROMYCIN[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score)  A(Marginal)  0(Active)  3[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score)  A(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  7.3[SGOT Increase](Activity Score)  A(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  7.9[SGPT Increase](Activity Score)  A(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  8.5[LDH Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[GGT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA
 
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