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	      FDA : Cµî±Þ 
				        
				         (clotrimazole;crotamiton; )
				        
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	          »ó±â ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Àü»êó¸® µÇ¸é¼ ÀÔ·Â ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀ» ±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±× Á¤È®¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© È®½ÅÀ» µå¸± ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ȸ»ç´Â Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
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	          ¹Ýµå½Ã °ø½Å·Â ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÇåÀ» ´Ù½Ã Çѹø Âü°í ÇϽñ⠹ٶó¸ç ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»çÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ µû¶ó Åõ¿©¿©ºÎ°¡ °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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    Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
  Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do  | 
   
  
   
    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Clotrimazole interacts with yeast 14-¥á demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol, an essential component of the membrane. In this way, clotrimazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis, resulting in increased cellular permeability. Clotrimazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms and the uptake of purine, impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis, and inhibit the movement of calcium and potassium ions across the cell membrane by blocking the ion transport pathway known as the Gardos channel.
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Crotamiton relieves itching by producing what is called a counter-irritation. As crotamiton evaporates from the skin, it produces a cooling effect. This cooling effect helps to divert your body's attention away from the itching.
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby effecting local anesthetic action.
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Menthol is classified as a calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blockers are a class of drugs with effects on many excitable cells of the body, like the muscle of the heart, smooth muscles of the vessels or neuron cells. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the heart and in the blood vessels. This prevents calcium levels from increasing as much in the cells when stimulated, leading to less contraction. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Clotrimazole, an imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity, inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal cell membranes. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane. Betamethasone and clotrimazole are used together to treat cutaneous tinea infections. In studies in fungal cultures, the minimum fungicidal concentration of clotrimazole caused leakage of intracellular phosphorous compounds into the ambient medium with concomitant breakdown of cellular nucleic acids, and accelerated potassium etflux. Both of these events began rapidly and extensively after addition of the drug to the cultures. The primary action of clotrimazole is against dividing and growing organisms.
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Crotamiton is usually used to treat pruritis (itching of the skin) caused by scabies or sunburn. Crotamiton relieves itching by producing what is called a counter-irritation. As crotamiton evaporates from the skin, it produces a cooling effect. This cooling effect helps to divert your body's attention away from the itching. Due to this cooling effect it is also effective for the relief of sunburn. The drug is also believed to kill scabies through an unknown mechanism.
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Lidocaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia and in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia occurring during cardiac manipulation, such as surgery or catheterization, or which may occur during acute myocardial infarction, digitalis toxicity, or other cardiac diseases. The mode of action of the antiarrhythmic effect of Lidocaine appears to be similar to that of procaine, procainamide and quinidine. Ventricular excitability is depressed and the stimulation threshold of the ventricle is increased during diastole. The sinoatrial node is, however, unaffected. In contrast to the latter 3 drugs, Lidocaine in therapeutic doses does not produce a significant decrease in arterial pressure or in cardiac contractile force. In larger doses, lidocaine may produce circulatory depression, but the magnitude of the change is less than that found with comparable doses of procainamide.
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. Menthol's ability to chemically trigger cold-sensitive receptors in the skin is responsible for the well known cooling sensation that it provokes when inhalated, eaten, or applied to the skin. It should be noted that menthol does not cause an actual drop in temperature. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Metabolism | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1)Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 90%
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 60-80%
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Half-life | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 2 hours
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 109 minutes
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Absorption | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Poorly and erratically absorbed orally, minimal vaginal or topical absorption.
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ 10 % absorbed when applied locally.
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Information derived from diverse formulations, concentrations and usages reveals that lidocaine is completely absorbed following parenteral administration, its rate of absorption depending, for example, upon various factors such as the site of administration and the presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor agent.
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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       ClotrimazoleÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
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- ¼Ò½Ç : Èí¼öµÈ ¾à¹°Àº glucuronide Æ÷ÇÕü·Î¼ ¼Òº¯ ¹× ´ãÁóÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
  
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic (metabolized to inactive metabolites)
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic. 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Symptoms of overdose include erythema, stinging, blistering, peeling, edema, pruritus, urticaria, burning, and general irritation of the skin, and cramps.
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ The oral LD 50 of lidocaine HCl in non-fasted female rats is 459 (346-773) mg/kg (as the salt) and 214 (159-324) mg/kg (as the salt) in fasted female rats. Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, hypoxia, acidosis, bradycardia, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Menthol, DL: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2900 mg/kg [Rat], 3100 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 5001 mg/kg [Rabbit]. 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Acetohexamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaChlorpropamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaCimetidine	Cimetidine increases the effect of the beta-blockerClonidine	Increased hypertension when clonidine stoppedDisopyramide	The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramideGliclazide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaGlipizide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaGlisoxepide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaGlibenclamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaGlycodiazine	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaInsulin	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaLidocaine	The beta-blocker increases the effect and toxicity of lidocainePropafenone	Propafenone increases the effect of beta-blockerRepaglinide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaRifampin	Rifampin decreases the effect of the metabolized beta-blockerTelithromycin	Telithromycin may possibly increase metoprolol effectTolazamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaTolbutamide	The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemiaAmobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerAprobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerButalbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerButabarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerButethal	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerDihydroquinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerHeptabarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerHexobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerMethohexital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerMethylphenobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerPentobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerPhenobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerPrimidone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerQuinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerSecobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerTalbutal	The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blockerCitalopram	The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blockerEscitalopram	The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blockerFluoxetine	The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blockerSertraline	The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blockerParoxetine	The SSRI increases the effect of the beta-blockerDihydroergotamine	Ischemia with risk of gangreneDihydroergotoxine	Ischemia with risk of gangreneErgonovine	Ischemia with risk of gangreneErgotamine	Ischemia with risk of gangreneMethysergide	Ischemia with risk of gangreneVerapamil	Increased effect of both drugsHydralazine	Increased effect of both drugsDiltiazem	Increased risk of bradycardiaEpinephrine	Hypertension, then bradycardiaFenoterol	AntagonismFormoterol	AntagonismIsoproterenol	AntagonismOrciprenaline	AntagonismPirbuterol	AntagonismPrazosin	Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapyProcaterol	AntagonismSalbutamol	AntagonismSalmeterol	AntagonismTerbutaline	AntagonismIbuprofen	Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandinsIndomethacin	Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandinsPiroxicam	Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Not Available 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal cell membranes. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane. [PubChem]
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Crotamiton is a scabicidal and antipruritic agent available as a cream or lotion for topical use only. It is a colorless to slightly yellowish oil, having a faint amine-like odor. It is miscible with alcohol and with methanol.
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine. [PubChem]
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. It is a waxy, crystalline substance, clear or white in color, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (-)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Cream	IntravaginalCream	Topical
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Cream	Topical
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Aerosol	TopicalAerosol, metered	TopicalCream	TopicalGel	TopicalJelly	TopicalJelly	UrethralLiquid	BuccalLiquid	DentalLiquid	InfiltrationLiquid	IntravenousLiquid	OralLiquid	TopicalLotion	TopicalOintment	TopicalSolution	InfiltrationSolution	IntramuscularSolution	IntravenousSolution	OralSolution	TopicalSpray	TopicalSwab	Topical
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Cream	TopicalGel	TopicalLiquid	NasalLiquid	OralLiquid	TopicalLozenge	OralOintment	TopicalPatch	TopicalPowder	TopicalSolution / drops	OralSpray	Topical 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Infective Agents, LocalAntifungal AgentsGrowth Inhibitors
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antiparasitic AgentsAntipruriticsPesticidesScabicides
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ AnestheticsAnesthetics, LocalAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsAntiarrhythmic Agents
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antipruritics 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(N1C=CN=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCN(C(=O)C=CC)C1=CC=CC=C1C
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(N1C=CN=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCN(C(=O)\C=C\C)C1=CC=CC=C1C
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1O 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C22H17ClN2/c23-21-14-8-7-13-20(21)22(25-16-15-24-17-25,18-9-3-1-4-10-18)19-11-5-2-6-12-19/h1-17H
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C13H17NO/c1-4-8-13(15)14(5-2)12-10-7-6-9-11(12)3/h4,6-10H,5H2,1-3H3
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C14H22N2O/c1-5-16(6-2)10-13(17)15-14-11(3)8-7-9-12(14)4/h7-9H,5-6,10H2,1-4H3,(H,15,17)/f/h15H
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C10H20O/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(3)6-10(9)11/h7-11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9+,10-/m1/s1 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Clotrimazole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)-di(phenyl)methyl]imidazole
  Crotamiton¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ N-ethyl-N-(2-methylphenyl)but-2-enamide
  Lidocaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-diethylamino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
  Menthol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol 
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    | Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins | 
    
      DOCA ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Aquaporin-2 Drug:DOCA Toxicity:hypertension.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] LIDOCAINE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:glucose-regulated protein  Drug:lidocaine Toxicity:intestinal disorder.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alkaline phosphatase Drug:lidocaine  Toxicity:lidocaine induced hepatitis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:C-reactive protein Drug:lidocaine  Toxicity:fever.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:C-reactive protein Drug:lidocaine  Toxicity:lidocaine induced hepatitis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein Drug:lidocaine  Toxicity:lidocaine tolerance.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase  Drug:lidocaine  Toxicity:fever.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alkaline phosphatase Drug:lidocaine  Toxicity:fever.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase  Drug:lidocaine  Toxicity:lidocaine induced hepatitis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] 
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                ÃÖ±ÙÁ¤º¸¼öÁ¤ÀÏ 2025-11-03
              
 
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