드러그인포 약품 상세정보

허가정보

항목

내용

청구코드(KD코드)
비급여점검코드
상한금액

비급여
[상병코드조회]
[질병코드집 다운로드] [우리집건강주치의 바로가기]

빠른조회


요약정보	[효능] [용법] [금기] [신중투여] [이상반응]

상세정보	[효능] [용법] [경고] [금기] [신중투여] [이상반응] [일반주의] [상호작용] [임산부] [수유부] [소아] [고령자] [신장애환자] [간장애환자] [적용주의] [과량투여] [임상검사치] [보관] [기타]

제품성상

흑갈색의 장방형 필름제피정 [제형정보 확인]

포장·유통단위

60, 90, 120, 240정

약리작용

[조회]

효능효과

[적응증 별 검색]

비타민 및 무기질의 보급: 허약체질, 영양불량, 소모성 질환, 피로, 병중ㆍ병후ㆍ임신ㆍ수유기ㆍ발육기ㆍ노년기
[Drugbank 의 성분정보열람]
[Folic Acid][Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)][Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)][Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)][Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)]

용법용량

* 절대 임의복용하지 마시고 반드시 의사 또는 약사와 상담하시기 바랍니다.

[처방약어]
성인 및 12세 이상 어린이 1회 1정, 1일 1회 복용한다.

[BMI지수 계산] [Body Surface Area 계산] [Cockcroft-Gault GFR 계산] [MDRD GFR 계산]

주요약물 상호작용

[보기]

경고

임신부에 비타민 A(레티놀)를 1일 권장량(8,000단위)이상을 투여하는 경우에는 선천성 기형을 유발할 위험이 있음

신중투여

1세미만의 유아
의사의 치료를 받고 있는 사람
임신부 또는 임신하고 있을 가능성이 있는 부인

일반적 주의

* 복용시 다음 사항에 주의할 것

정해진 용법 ·용량을 지킬 것
소아에 투여할 경우에는 보호자의 지도 감독하에 복용시킬 것
본 제제에 함유된 비타민 A는 정상적인 식이에서 충분히 공급되므로 보조요법의 용량은 비타민 A로서 1일 8,000단위 이상을 넘지 않도록 할 것

* 복용중 복용후는 다음 사항에 주의할 것

본제의 복용에 의해 구역, 구토, 설사, 가려움증의 증상이 있을 경우에는 복용을 중지하고 의사 또는 약사와 상의할 것
본제의 복용에 의해 위부불쾌감, 설사, 변비, 발진, 발적 등의 증상이 있을 경우에는 복용을 중지하고 의사 또는 약사와 상의할 것
본제의 복용에 의해 생리가 예정보다 빨라지거나 양이 점점 많아질수도 있다. 출혈이 오래 계속될 경우에는 의사 또는 약사와 상의할 것
1개월 정도 복용하여도 증상의 개선이 없을 경우에는 의사 또는 약사와 상의할 것

보관 및 취급상의 주의

소아의 손이 닿지 않는 곳에 보관할 것.
직사일광을 피하고 되도록이면 습기가 적은 서늘한 곳에 보관할 것.
오용을 막고 품질을 위하여 다른 용기에 바꾸어 넣지 말것.

Related FDA Approved Drug

기준 성분:CHOLECALCIFEROL
CERNEVIT-12 (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PANTOTHENIC ACID; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A)
FOSAMAX PLUS D (ALENDRONATE SODIUM; CHOLECALCIFEROL)
INFUVITE ADULT (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN K)
INFUVITE PEDIATRIC (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN K)
INFUVITE PEDIATRIC (PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN K)
기준 성분:CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE
기준 성분:ASCORBIC ACID
BEROCCA PN (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN E)
M.V.C. 9+3 (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I. ADULT (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E; VITAMIN K)
M.V.I. ADULT (PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E; VITAMIN K)
M.V.I. PEDIATRIC (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PHYTONADIONE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 (WITHOUT VITAMIN K) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 LYOPHILIZED (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
MOVIPREP (ASCORBIC ACID; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM ASCORBATE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM SULFATE)
MVC PLUS (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
VITAPED (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PANTOTHENIC ACID; PHYTONADIONE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN E)

정보요약

드럭인포 의약품 요약/상세정보

코드 및 분류정보

항목	내용
BIT 약효분류	종합비타민/미네랄 (Multivitamins / with Minerals)
ATC 코드	Multivitamins with minerals / A11AA [코드분류상세설명] [ATC코드예측]
복지부분류코드	316 (혼합비타민제(비타민AD혼합제제를 제외) )
Drugs By Indication	[전체보기]
Drugs By Classification	[전체보기]

제품정보

항목	내용
청구코드(KD코드) 비급여점검코드 상한금액	비급여 [상병코드조회] [질병코드집 다운로드]
제품성상	흑갈색의 장방형 필름제피정 [제형정보 확인]
포장·유통단위	60, 90, 120, 240정

복약정보

항목	내용
LACTmed 바로가기	[바로가기]
약리작용	유료정보입니다.
Pharmacokinetics	유료정보입니다.
병용금기 및 연령대금기 근거조회	[병용금기 및 연령대금기 근거조회]
보관상 주의
조제시 주의

심사정보

항목	내용
DUR 관련 고시	[병용연령금기 의약품 / 임부금기 의약품 / 비용효과적 함량 의약품 / 안전성 관련 급여중지 의약품]

학술정보

항목	내용
DUR (의약품사용평가)	병용금기 : 고시된 병용금기 내용은 없습니다. [상호작용/병용금기검색] 연령대금기 : 고시된 연령금기 내용은 없습니다. [연령대금기상세검색]
독성정보	Ascorbic Acid에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 Calcium에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 Cyanocobalamin에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 Folic acid에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 Nicotinamide에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 Potassium에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 Pyridoxine에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 Riboflavin에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 출처: 국립독성과학원 독성물질정보DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do
Mechanism of Action	Calcium에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available. Cholecalciferol에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein. Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Vitamin B12 is used in the body in two forms: Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin. The enzyme methionine synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Methionine in turn is required for DNA methylation. 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substances that carries oxygen in red blood cells. Potassium에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential?봞 "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity. Pyridoxine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine. Vitamin B6, principally in the form of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Riboflavin에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Binds to riboflavin hydrogenase, riboflavin kinase, and riboflavin synthase. Riboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN, riboflavin monophosphate) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is principally derived from its role as a precursor of FAD and the role of this cofactor in the production of the antioxidant reduced glutathione. Reduced glutathione is the cofactor of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases among other things. The glutathione peroxidases are major antioxidant enzymes. Reduced glutathione is generated by the FAD-containing enzyme glutathione reductase. Thiamine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux.
Pharmacology	Cholecalciferol에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, in mineralization of bone, and for the assimilation of Vitamin A. The classical manifestations of vitamin D deficiency is rickets, which is seen in children and results in bony deformaties including bowed long bones. Deficiency in adults leads to the disease osteomalacia. Both rickets and osteomalacia reflect impaired mineralization of newly synthesized bone matrix, and usually result from a combination of inadequate exposure to sunlight and decreased dietary intake of vitamin D. Common causes of vitamin D deficiency include genetic defects in the vitamin D receptor, severe liver or kidney disease, and insufficient exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining calcium balance and in the regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH). It promotes renal reabsorption of calcium, increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and increases calcium and phosphorus mobilization from bone to plasma. Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is a water-soluble organometallic compound with a trivalent cobalt ion bound inside a corrin ring. It is needed for nerve cells and red blood cells, and to make DNA. Vitamin B12 deficiency is the cause of several forms of anemia. Potassium에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin used in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in those receiving isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH). Vitamin B6 has been found to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a small group of subjects with essential hypertension. Hypertension is another risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Another study showed pyridoxine hydrochloride to inhibit ADP- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and to lower total cholesterol levels and increase HDL-cholesterol levels, again in a small group of subjects. Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, was found to protect vascular endothelial cells in culture from injury by activated platelets. Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical initiating events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human studies have demonstrated that vitamin B6 deficiency affects cellular and humoral responses of the immune system. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in altered lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, impaired antibody production, decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased interleukin (IL)-2 production, among other immunologic activities. Riboflavin에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Riboflavin or vitamin B2 is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and general good health, including regulating thyroid activity. Riboflavin also helps in the prevention or treatment of many types of eye disorders, including some cases of cataracts. Thiamine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamine has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells.
Metabolism	Cholecalciferol에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 24A1 (CYP24A1)Cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1) Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Potassium에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 11B2 (CYP11B2) Pyridoxine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Riboflavin에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A)Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Protein Binding	Cholecalciferol에 대한 단백결합 정보 50% to 80% Cyanocobalamin에 대한 단백결합 정보 Very high (to specific plasma proteins called transcobalamins); binding of hydroxocobalamin is slightly higher than cyanocobalamin. Pyridoxine에 대한 단백결합 정보 22% Riboflavin에 대한 단백결합 정보 60% Thiamine에 대한 단백결합 정보 90-94%
Half-life	Cholecalciferol에 대한 반감기 정보 Several weeks Cyanocobalamin에 대한 반감기 정보 Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver). Pyridoxine에 대한 반감기 정보 15-20 days Riboflavin에 대한 반감기 정보 66-84 minutes
Absorption	Cholecalciferol에 대한 Absorption 정보 Readily absorbed Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Absorption 정보 Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum. Potassium에 대한 Absorption 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Absorption 정보 The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum. Riboflavin에 대한 Absorption 정보 Vitamin B2 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Thiamine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
Pharmacokinetics	Ferrous Fumarate의 약물동력학자료 혈액학적 반응 발현시간 : 경구제제나 주사제제가 모두 근본적으로 같이 3-10일 내에 적혈구 형태와 색이 변화한다. 최대 적혈구 증가 : 5-10일 내로 이루어지며 헤모글로빈 치는 2-4주 내에 증가한다. 흡수 십이지장과 상부 공장에서 흡수되며 정상인에서 경구 복용량의 10%가 흡수된다. 철 결핍 환자는 흡수율이 20-30%로 증가된다. 식사나 무산증은 철의 흡수를 증가시킨다. 소실 : 혈중 transferrin에 결합되어 소변, 땀, 위장관 점막, 월경으로 배설된다. Retinol Acetate의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : Retinol은 소장에서 흡수되며 retinoic acid는 문맥을 통해 전신적으로 흡수된다. 생리적 보충량의 용량 이하에서는 잘 흡수된다. 유화 제제보다 수용성 제제가 보다 신속하게 흡수된다. 고용량, 지질 흡수장애, 저단백식이, 간질환, 췌장 질환에서는 흡수가 저하된다. 림프의 chylomicrons에 의해 간으로 수송된다. 분포 : 간에 고농도로 저장된다. (약 2년 동안의 요구량이 간에 저장됨) 유즙 분비 RBP (retinol-binding protein)에 결합된 retinol의 형태로 간으로부터 운반된다. 대사 : glucuronide 포합, 장간순환 소실 : 담즙을 통해 대변으로 배설된다. Pyridoxine HCl의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 위장관으로부터 잘 흡수된다. 대사 : 간에서 4-pyridoxic acid로 대사된다. 반감기 : 15-20일 혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 경구 : 1.25 시간 소실 : 4-pyridoxic acid로 신배설되며, 소량 (약 2%)은 담즙을 통해 배설된다. Calcium pantothenate의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 경구 : 잘 흡수된다. 소실 : 약 70%는 미변화체로 소변을 통해, 약 30%는 대변을 통해 배설된다. Nicotinamide의 약물동력학자료 작용발현시간 : pellagra : 24시간 흡수 : 위장관으로부터 신속하게 흡수된다. 분포 : 모든 조직으로 신속하게 분포한다. 태아 및 신생아에서의 농도가 모체의 농도보다 높다. 대사 : 간대사 Nicotinamide는 생체 내에서 niacin의 대사로부터 형성될 수 있다. Dietrich pathway를 통해 효소적으로 NAD 및 NADP로 전환된다. 반감기 : 45분 혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 20-70분 소실 : 용량의존적으로 미변화체 및 대사체로서 신배설된다. (생리적 용량에서는 소량만이 미변화체로 신배설되나 고용량 투여시 주로 미변화체로 신배설된다.) Riboflavin의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 위장관으로부터 잘 흡수된다. 음식물에 의해 흡수양이 증가한다. 간염, 간경화, 담관폐색이 있는 환자에서 흡수가 감소한다. 분포 : 체내 모든 조직에 널리 분포한다. 반감기 : 초기 상 : 1.4 시간 말기 상 : 14시간 소실 : 미변화체로 신배설되는 양은 약 9%이다. Cholecalciferol의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 위장관으로부터 잘 흡수된다. 분포 : 흡수 후 chylomicrons을 통해 혈중으로 수송되며, 주로 간에 저장되고 기타 지방, 근육, 피부 및 골 조직 등에도 존재한다. 단백결합 : 주로 vitamin D-binding α-globulin에 결합하며 albumin과도 결합한다. 대사 : 간에서 vitamin D 25-hydroxylase에 의해 25-[OH] D로 대사된 후, 신장에서 vitamin D 1-hydroxylase에 의해 활성형인 1,25-[OH]₂ D로 대사된다. 반감기 : vitamin D : 혈장 내에서 19-25 시간 소실 : 주로 담즙 및 대변을 통해 배설되며 소량은 뇨를 통해 배설된다. Thiamine nitrate의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 경구 : 최대흡수량 : 8-15 mg/day 근육주사 : 신속하고 완전하게 흡수된다. 분포 : 최소요구량 (약 1 mg/day)을 초과 섭취시 조직 저장에 포화가 나타난다. 소실 : 과잉 섭취된 양은 뇨를 통해 배설된다. Tocopherol Acetate의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 경구 : 소장으로부터 흡수되는 데에는 담즙이 필요하다. 흡수 저하 : 흡수장애 환자, 저체중 미숙아, 고용량 투여 유화제제보다 수용성 제제가 더 잘 흡수된다. 분포 : 모든 조직에 분포하며, 특히 지방조직에 고농도로 분포하고 저장된다. 대사 : 간에서 glucuronides 포합 소실 : 주로 담즙을 통해 (70-80%) 배설된다. Cyanocobalamin의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 경구 투여시 소장 원위부로부터 불규칙적으로 흡수된다. 능동 흡수에는 IF와의 복합체 형성이 필수적이며, 장관벽을 통해 수동 흡수도 가능하다. 위, 회장에 구조적 손상이나 기능적 손상이 있는 경우 흡수가 감소한다. 분포 : 위에서 위점막에 의해 분비되는 당단백인 IF (intrinsic factor)에 결합한다. 장관 점막세포 내에서 vitamin B₁₂-IF 복합체로부터 vitamin B₁₂가 유리된 후, 혈액 내에서 주로 특이적인 β-globulin 수송단백질인 transcobalamin II와 결합한다. 간, 골수 및 태반을 포함한 기타 조직으로 분포하며, 주로 간 (50-90%)에 저장된다. 단백결합 : 주로 transcobalamin II와 결합하며, 소량은 transcobalamin I (α-glycoprotein의 일종) 및 transcobalamin III (inter-α-glycoprotein의 일종)과 결합한다. 대사 : 장간순환 소실 : Vitamin B₁₂를 투여받고 있지 않는 정상인 : 많은 양이 담즙 배설 후 장간순환한다. 일일 turnover rate : 체내 총저장량의 0.05-0.2% (범위 : 0.4-8 μg) 일일 신배설량은 대개 0.25 μg 이하 Vitamin B₁₂를 투여받는 경우 : 0.1-1 mg 근육주사 또는 정맥주사 후 48시간 이내에 50-90%가 신배설된다. Ascorbic Acid의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 소장에서 거의 완전히 흡수된다. 흡수는 능동수송을 통해 이루어지며 용량의존적이라 여겨진다. (고용량에서 흡수 포화) 분포 : 널리 분포 단백결합 : 약 25% 대사 : 간에서 산화 및 황산 포합 등으로 대사된다. 반감기 : 16일 고용량 투여시 : 3.4 시간 혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 정상 성인 : 2-3 시간 소실 : 주 배설 경로는 신장 및 담즙이다. 신배설은 용량의존적으로, 투여량이 증가하면 신배설량 및 속도가 증가한다. Folic Acid의 약물동력학자료 최고효과 발현시간 : 0.5-1시간 내로 나타난다. 흡수 : 소장의 근위부분(proximal part)에서 이루어진다.
Biotransformation	Cholecalciferol에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Within the liver, cholecalciferal is hydroxylated to calcidiol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) by the enzyme 25-hydroxylase. Within the kidney, calcidiol serves as a substrate for 1-alpha-hydroxylase, yielding calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), the biologically active form of vitamin D3. Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic Riboflavin에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic. Thiamine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic
Toxicity	Cholecalciferol에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Hypercalcemia - Early symptoms of hypercalcemia, include nausea and vomiting, weakness, headache, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation, metallic taste, muscle pain and bone pain. Late symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia, include polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, weight loss, nocturia, conjunctivitis, pancreatitis, photophobia, rhinorrhea, pruritis, hyperthermia, decreased libido, elevated BUN, albuminuria, hypercholesterolemia, elevated ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT), ectopic calcification, nephrocalcinosis, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD₅₀ > 8000 mg/kg Potassium에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Oral Rat LD₅₀ = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness. Riboflavin에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available Thiamine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD₅₀ = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD₅₀ = 3710 mg/kg.
Drug Interactions	Calcium에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes Cholecalciferol에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Potassium에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Amiloride Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaBenazepril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCandesartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCaptopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCilazapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaDrospirenone Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEnalapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEplerenone This association presents an increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEprosartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaForasartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaFosinopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaIrbesartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaLisinopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaLosartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaMoexipril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaPerindopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaPolystyrene sulfonate Antagonism of actionQuinapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaRamipril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSaprisartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSpirapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSpironolactone Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTasosartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTelmisartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTrandolapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTriamterene Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaValsartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia Pyridoxine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Riboflavin에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Thiamine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available
CYP450 Drug Interaction	[CYP450 Table직접조회]
Food Interaction	Potassium에 대한 Food Interaction 정보 Not Available
Drug Target	[Drug Target]
Description	Calcium에 대한 Description 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. Cholecalciferol에 대한 Description 정보 Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ergocalciferol in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24. [PubChem] Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Description 정보 Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products. [HMDB] Fumarate에 대한 Description 정보 Not Available Nicotinamide에 대한 Description 정보 An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. [PubChem] Potassium에 대한 Description 정보 Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential?봞 "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity. Pyridoxine에 대한 Description 정보 The 4-methanol form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). [PubChem] Riboflavin에 대한 Description 정보 Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. [PubChem] Thiamine에 대한 Description 정보 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. [PubChem]
Dosage Form	Calcium에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralLiquid DentalLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPaste DentalPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntramuscularSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, chewable Oral Cholecalciferol에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralTablet Oral Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralLiquid IntramuscularLiquid OralPowder OralSolution IntramuscularTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral Fumarate에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Solution Respiratory (inhalation) Potassium에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Aerosol OralCapsule OralCapsule, extended release OralElixir OralLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral Pyridoxine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid IntramuscularSolution IntramuscularSolution / drops OralTablet Oral Riboflavin에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available Thiamine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid IntramuscularLiquid IntravenousSolution IntravenousTablet Oral
Drug Category	Cholecalciferol에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Antihypocalcemic AgentsAntihypoparathyroid AgentsBone Density Conservation AgentsEssential VitaminVitaminsVitamins (Vitamin D) Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Antianemic AgentsEssential VitaminVitamins (Vitamin B Complex) Fumarate에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Not Available Nicotinamide에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Vitamin B Complex Pyridoxine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex) Riboflavin에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Photosensitizing AgentsRadiation-Sensitizing AgentsVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex) Thiamine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Smiles String Canonical	Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 Not Available Cholecalciferol에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(C)CCCC(C)C1CCC2C(CCCC12C)=CC=C1CC(O)CCC1=C Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 [Co+3].[C-] Fumarate에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 [O-]C(=O)C=CC([O-])=O Nicotinamide에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 Potassium에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O Riboflavin에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(CC(O)C(O)C(O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2 Thiamine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1
Smiles String Isomeric	Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 Not Available Cholecalciferol에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CCC\C2=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 [Co+3].[C-] Fumarate에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O Nicotinamide에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 Potassium에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O Riboflavin에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2 Thiamine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1
InChI Identifier	Calcium에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 Not Available Cholecalciferol에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C27H44O/c1-19(2)8-6-9-21(4)25-15-16-26-22(10-7-17-27(25,26)5)12-13-23-18-24(28)14-11-20(23)3/h12-13,19,21,24-26,28H,3,6-11,14-18H2,1-2,4-5H3/t21-,24+,25-,26+,27-/m1/s1 Cyanocobalamin에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C62H90N13O14P.CN.Co/c1-29-20-39-40(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-39)57-52(84)53(41(27-76)87-57)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)18-19-59(8)37(22-46(66)80)56-62(11)61(10,25-48(68)82)36(14-17-45(65)79)51(74-62)33(5)55-60(9,24-47(67)81)34(12-15-43(63)77)38(71-55)23-42-58(6,7)35(13-16-44(64)78)50(72-42)32(4)54(59)73-56;1-2;/h20-21,23,28,31,34-37,41,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,22,24-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;/q;-1;+3/p-1/t31?,34-,35-,36-,37+,41+,52?,53?,56?,57+,59-,60+,61+,62+;;/m1../s1/fC62H89N13O14P.CN.Co/h69,85H,63-68H2;;/q-1;2m/b42-23-,54-32-,55-33-;; Fumarate에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/p-2/b2-1+/fC4H2O4/q-2 Nicotinamide에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9)/f/h7H2 Potassium에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C8H11NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3 Riboflavin에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C17H20N4O6/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(5-11(23)14(25)12(24)6-22)15-13(18-9)16(26)20-17(27)19-15/h3-4,11-12,14,22-25H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,26,27)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1/f/h20H Thiamine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1/f/h13H2
Chemical IUPAC Name	Calcium에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available Cholecalciferol에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (1S)-3-[2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available Fumarate에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 but-2-enedioic acid Nicotinamide에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 pyridine-3-carboxamide Potassium에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol Riboflavin에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione Thiamine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol

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