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2) Ç×°£Áú¾àÀ» ó¹æ¹Þ´Â °£Áú°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº Áúº´Àº ±× ÀÚü°¡ ÀÌȯ ¹× »ç¸Á, Ä¡·á±â°£ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ÀÚ»ìÃæµ¿°ú ÀÚ»ìÇൿÀÇ À§Ç輺Áõ°¡¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ó¹æÀÚ´Â Ç×°£Áú¾à ó¹æ½Ã ȯÀÚÀÇ Ä¡·á±â°£ µ¿¾È ÀÚ»ìÃæµ¿ ¶Ç´Â ÀÚ»ìÇൿ°ú Ä¡·áµÉ Áúº´°£ÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼º À¯¹« ¹× À̾àÀÇ À¯È¿¼ºÀ» ÇÔ²² °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù. 
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7) ÀúÇ÷¾Ð ȯÀÚ(¼öÃà±â¾Ð 90mmHg ¹Ì¸¸) 
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7) °£ : Áßµ¶¼º °£¿°, Ȳ´Þ µîÀÇ °£Àå¾Ö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
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9) ´« : º¹½Ã, ¾È±¸ÁøÅÁÁõ, ½Ã°¢Àå¾Ö, µå¹°°Ô ¹é³»Àå(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ÇÑÇÔ.) µîÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ã·Â°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â µî ÀûÀýÇÑ Ã³Ä¡¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. 
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13) ±âŸ : °áÀý¼º µ¿¸ÆÁÖÀ§¿°, ´Ù¹ß¼º °üÀýÁõ, °úÇ÷´ç, µå¹°°Ô ¹ß¿, °©»ó¼±±â´É°Ë»çÄ¡(Ç÷û T3, T4Ä¡ µî)ÀÌ»ó, ´Ù¸ð, Ç÷û¿±»êÄ¡ ÀúÇϰ¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(°æ±¸Á¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ).  
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3) ¿¬¿ëÁß¿¡ Åõ¿©·®ÀÇ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ °¨¼Ò³ªÁßÁö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °£ÁúÁßø»óŰ¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Åõ¿©·®À» °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ°Å³ª ÁßÁöÇÒ ¶§´Â õõÈ÷ ÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷°í·ÉÀÚ, ÁßȯÀÚ´Â µ¶¼ºÀÇ Â¡Èİ¡ ÀÏÂï ³ªÅ¸³ª¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. 
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7) ÀÌ ¾à¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¹À½, ÁÖÀÇ·Â,ÁýÁß·Â,¹Ý»ç¿îµ¿´É·Â µîÀÇ ÀúÇϰ¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¾àÀ» Åõ¿© ÁßÀΠȯÀÚ´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ¿îÀü µî À§ÇèÀ»¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â ±â°èÁ¶ÀÛÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. 
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9) ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ ÃÖÀû¹üÀ§ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ´ÂÇê¼Ò¸®, Á¤½Åº´Áõ, ³úº´Áõ µå¹°°Ô ºñ°¡¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î ³ú±â´ÉÀÌ»óµîÀÇ Âø¶õ»óŰ¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Ç÷Á߳󵵸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϰí Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ ³ôÀ¸¸é ¿ë·®À» °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù. ¿ë·®°¨¼ÒÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áõ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Åõ¿©¸¦ ÁßÁöÇÑ´Ù. 
10) ¹ÚÅ»¼º,Àڹݼº,¼öÆ÷¼º,´ÙÇü¼º¹ßÁø ÇǺÎÁ¡¸·¾ÈÁõÈıº(Stevens-Johnson syndrome) ¶Ç´Â Áßµ¶¼ºÇ¥ÇDZ«»çÁõ(Lyell syndrome) µîÀÌ ÀǽɵǸé ÀÌ ¾àÀ» °è¼Ó »ç¿ëÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¾à¹°·Î ´ëÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 
11) Æ÷¸£ÇǸ°ÁõÀ» ¾ÇȽÃÄ×´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. 
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2) ´ÙÀ½ ¾à¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æä´ÏÅäÀÎÀÇ ³óµµ°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù : ¸¸¼º ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã ³²¿ëÀÚ, ·¹¼¼¸£ÇÉ, Ä«¸£¹Ù¸¶Á¦ÇÉ, ½´Å©¶öÆäÀÌÆ®, Ä®½·ÇÔÀ¯ Á¦»êÁ¦ 
3) ¾Æ¼¼Å¸Á¹¾Æ¹Ìµå¿Í º´¿ëÇÏ¸é ±¸·çº´, °ñ¿¬ÈÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â ½¬¿ì¹Ç·Î º´¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ½ÅÁßÈ÷Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù.  
4) Æä´ÏÅäÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ ´ÙÀ½ ¾à¹°ÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ °¨¼ÒµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. : ºÎ½ÅÇÇÁúÈ£¸£¸ó(µ¦»ç¸ÞŸ¼Õ µî), °©»ó¼±È£¸£¸ó, µ¶½Ã»çÀÌŬ¸°, Ç×ÀÀ°íÁ¦, ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ, Ǫ·Î¼¼¹Ìµå, °æ±¸¿ë ÇÇÀÓÁ¦, Äû´Ïµò, ¸®ÆÊÇǽŠ
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6) ´ÙÀ½ ¾à¹°°úÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ º¯È(»ó½Â ¶Ç´Â ÀúÇÏ)ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î º´¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ½ÅÁßÈ÷ Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. : ¹ßÇÁ·Î»ê³ªÆ®·ý, Æä³ë¹Ù¸£ºñÅ» 
7) µôƼ¾ÆÁª°úÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ »ó½ÂÇßÀ¸¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ Æç·ÎµðÇÉ, º£¶óÆÄ¹Ð°úÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ÀÇÇØ ÀÌµé ¾à¹°ÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ ÀúÇϵǾú´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 
8) ºóÄ«¾ËÄ«·ÎÀ̵å(ºóÅ©¸®½ºÆ¾ µî)¿ÍÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ ÀúÇ쵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
9) µµÆÄ¹ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÌ ¾àÀ» Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»çÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼¸Æ ¹× ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ÀúÇ÷¾ÐÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ÇÑÇÔ). 
10) ¸®µµÄ«ÀÎ ¹× ¥â-Â÷´ÜÁ¦¿Í º´¿ëÇÏ¿© Æä´ÏÅäÀÎÀ» Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç ÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ½ÉÀå¾ïÁ¦ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.). 
11) ¾Ë·ÎǪ¸®³î°ú º´¿ë½Ã ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ °£´ë»ç¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Ç÷Á߳󵵸¦ »ó½Â½ÃÄ×´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î º´¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ ¿ë·®¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù(°æ±¸Á¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.). 
12) ¼³ÆÄ¸ÞÅå»çÁ¹, Æ®¸®¸ÞÅäÇÁ¸²°úÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ °£´ë»ç°¡ ¾ïÁ¦µÇ¾î ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡µÉ ¼öÀÖ´Ù(°æ±¸Á¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.).  
13) Æä´ÏÅäÀÎÀº Ç÷´çÄ¡¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃŰ¹Ç·Î Àν¶¸° ¶Ç´Â °æ±¸¿ë Ç÷´ç°ÇÏÁ¦ÀÇ ¿ë·®Á¶ÀýÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. 
14) Æä´ÏÅäÀΰú °æ±¸¿ë µð¾ÆÁ·»çÀ̵带 º´¿ëÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì µð¾ÆÁ·»çÀ̵åÀÇ °íÇ÷´ç ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ¹Ç·Î º´¿ëÅõ¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 
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2) ÀÓ½ÅÁß¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Ç×°æ·ÃÁ¦(ƯÈ÷ ÇÁ¸®¹Ìµ·)¿Í º´¿ëÅõ¿©Çѱº¿¡¼ ±âÇü¾Æ¸¦ Ãâ»êÇÑ ¿¹°¡ ÀÌ ¾à ´Üµ¶ Åõ¿©ÇßÀ» ¶§º¸´Ù ¸¹¾Ò´Ù´Â ¿ªÇÐÁ¶»çº¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ºÎµæÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ ¾àÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡¶óµµ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ´Üµ¶Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù. 
3) ÀÓ½ÅÁßÀÇ Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇØ žƿ¡ Á¾Ã¢(½Å°æ¾Æ¼¼Æ÷Áõ µî)À̳ªÅ¸³µ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 
4) ÀÓ½ÅÁßÀÇ Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½Å»ý¾Æ¿¡¼ ÃâÇ÷ °æÇâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
5) ÀÓ½ÅÁßÀÇ Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿±»ê ÀúÇϰ¡ »ý±ä´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 
6) ÀÓ½ÅÁßÀÇ Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÅÂ¾Æ È÷´ÜÅäÀÎÁõÈıºÀ̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â °æ¹ÌÇÑ µÎ°³¾È¸éÀÌ»ó°ú ¼öÁö ºñÁ¤»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Áõ»óÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû Ư¡Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ³Ð°í ³·Àº ºñ±³, ³»¾È°¢ ÃéÇÇ, °Ý¸®Áõ, ³ÐÀºÀÔ, ¿øÀ§ ÁöÀý°ñ, ¼ÕÅéÇü¼ººÎÀü(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.). 
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°í·ÉÀڴ½ÉÁ¤Áö, È£ÈíÁ¤Áö µîÀÌ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ȯÀÚÀÇ »óŸ¦ °üÂûÇÏ°í ½ÅÁßÈ÷ Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç Åõ¿© ÁßÁö½ÃõõÈ÷ ÇÏ´Â µî ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.). 
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2) Á¤¸Æ³» ±Þ¼Ó Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀúÇ÷¾ÐÀÌ ÀϾ¹Ç·Î Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç´Â ºÐ´ç 50§·À» ³ÑÁö ¾Ê´Â ¼Óµµ·ÎõõÈ÷ ÁÖ»çÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 
3) Á¤¸Æ¿ë ¼ö¾×¿¡ ÀÌ ¾àÀ» ÷°¡ÇÏ¸é ¿ëÇØµµ°¡ Àû¾î¼ ħÀüÀÌ »ý±â¹Ç·Î È¥ÇÕÇØ¼ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 
4) °¾ËÄ«¸®¼ºÀ̹ǷΠ´Ù¸¥ ¼ººÐ°úÀÇ ¹èÇÕÀ» ±ÝÇϸç pH°¡ ÀúÇÏµÇ¸é Æä´ÏÅäÀÎÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÌ »êÃâµÉ ¼öÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù.  
5) ÀÌ ¾à¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ ÇÁ·ÎÇÊ·»±Û¸®ÄÝ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾Ë·¹¸£±â¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¼ººÐ¿¡ °ú¹ÎÇϰųª ¾Ë·¹¸£±â º´·ÂÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ´Â Åõ¿©Àü¿¡ ¾à»ç¶Ç´Â ÀÇ»ç¿Í »óÀÇÇÑ´Ù. 
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2) óġ : ƯÀÌÀû ÇØµ¶Á¦´Â ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀΰøÈ£Èí,»ê¼ÒÈíÀÔ, Ç÷¾Ð»ó½ÂÁ¦ÀÇ Åõ¿© µîÀ¸·Î ÀûÀýÇÑ Ã³Ä¡¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.¶Ç Æä´ÏÅäÀÎÀº Ç÷Àå´Ü¹é°ú ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô °áÇÕÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁßÁõÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â Ç÷¾×Åõ¼®À» °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù. 
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    À̾àÀº Ç÷û ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ¿ä¿Àµå(PBI)¸¦ °¨¼Ò½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
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2) ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Àå±â Åõ¿©·Î ¼Ò³úÀ§ÃàÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 
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	 °í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
	 
	  [»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]										
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       [¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â»ó¼¼°Ë»ö]
       
       
        
        
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    | µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ | 
    Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
  Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do  | 
   
  
   
    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Phenytoin acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. By promoting sodium efflux from neurons, phenytoin tends to stabilize the threshold against hyperexcitability caused by excessive stimulation or environmental changes capable of reducing membrane sodium gradient. This includes the reduction of post-tetanic potentiation at synapses. Loss of post-tetanic potentiation prevents cortical seizure foci from detonating adjacent cortical areas. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug which can be useful in the treatment of epilepsy. The primary site of action appears to be the motor cortex where spread of seizure activity is inhibited. Phenytoin reduces the maximal activity of brain stem centers responsible for the tonic phase of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. Phenytoin acts to damp the unwanted, runaway brain activity seen in seizure by reducing electrical conductance among brain cells. It lacks the sedation effects associated with phenobarbital. There are some indications that phenytoin has other effects, including anxiety control and mood stabilization, although it has never been approved for those purposes by the FDA. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Metabolism | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Highly protein bound 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Half-life | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 22 hours (range of 7 to 42 hours) 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Absorption | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Bioavailability 70-100% oral, 24.4% for rectal and intravenous administration. Rapid rate of absorption with peak blood concentration expected in 1¨ö to 3 hours. 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       PhenytoinÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
	- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : ´À¸²
	
 - ºÐÆ÷ : Vd
 
	
		-  ½Å»ý¾Æ :
		
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		 -  ¿Ï¼÷¾Æ : 0.8-0.9 L/kg
		
 -  ¿µ¾Æ : 0.7-0.8 L/kg
 
		 -  ¼Ò¾Æ : 0.7 L/kg
 
		 -  ¼ºÀÎ : 0.6-0.7 L/kg
	
  
	 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ :
 
	
		-  ½Å»ý¾Æ : À¯¸®ÇüÀº ¾à 20%±îÁö
 
		 -  ¿µ  ¾Æ : À¯¸®ÇüÀº ¾à 15%±îÁö 
 
		 -  ¼º  ÀÎ : 90-95%
 
		 -  ±â  Ÿ : À¯¸®ºÐÀ²(free fraction) Áõ°¡(´Ü¹é°áÇÕ°¨¼Ò) : °íºô¸®·çºóÇ÷Áõ, Àú¾ËºÎ¹ÎÇ÷Áõ, ¿äµ¶Áõ ȯÀÚ
	
  
	
 
 
  
 
  
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		-  ¼¹æÇü ĸ½¶(extended-release capsule) : 4-12½Ã°£ À̳»
 
		 -  ¼Ó¹æÇü Á¦Á¦(immediate release preparation) : 2-3½Ã°£ À̳»
	
  
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral, mouse: LD50 = 150 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1635 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include coma, difficulty in pronouncing words correctly, involuntary eye movement, lack of muscle coordination, low blood pressure, nausea, sluggishness, slurred speech, tremors, and vomiting. 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alprazolam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineChlordiazepoxide	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineClorazepate	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineDiazepam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineEstazolam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineFlurazepam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineLorazepam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineMidazolam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineOxazepam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineQuazepam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineTemazepam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineTriazolam	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineBleomycin	The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinMethotrexate	The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinCarboplatin	The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinCarmustine	The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinCisplatin	The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinVinblastine	The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinAminophylline	Decreased effect of both productsDyphylline	Decreased effect of both productsOxtriphylline	Decreased effect of both productsTheophylline	Decreased effect of both productsAmiodarone	Amiodarone increases the effect of hydantoinCapecitabine	Capecitabine increases the effect of hydantoinCimetidine	Cimetidine increases the effect of hydantoinCiprofloxacin	Ciprofloxacin decreases the hydantoin effectClarithromycin	Clarithromycin increases the effect and toxicity of phenytoinDasatinib	Decreased levels/efficacy of dasatinibDiazoxide	Diazoxide decreases the hydantoin effectDisulfiram	Disulfiram increases the effect of phenytoinDivalproex sodium	Valproate increases the effect of hydantoinFluconazole	Fluconazole increases the effect of hydantoinFluorouracil	Fluorouracil increases the effect of hydantoinFluoxetine	Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoinFluvoxamine	Fluvoxamine increases the effect of hydantoinFolic Acid	folic acid decreases the levels of hydantoinGabapentin	Gabapentin increases the effect of hydantoinIsoniazid	Isoniazid increases the effect of phenytoin in 20% of patientsOmeprazole	Omeprazole increases the effect of hydantoinOxcarbazepine	Oxcarbazepine increases the effect of hydantoinOxyphenbutazone	The NSAID increases the effect of hydantoinPhenylbutazone	The NSAID increases the effect of hydantoinPraziquantel	Markedly lower praziquantel levelsRifampin	Rifampin decreases the effect of hydantoinSertraline	Sertraline increases the effect of hydantoinSucralfate	Sucralfate decreases the effect of hydantoinSulfadiazine	The sulfonamide increases the effect of hydantoinSulfamethizole	The sulfonamide increases the effect of hydantoinTelithromycin	Telithromycin may possibly increase the agent effect/toxicityThiotepa	Possible increase in thiotepa levelsTiclopidine	Ticlopidine increases the effect of hydantoinTopiramate	Increased phenytoin/decreased topiramateTrimethoprim	Trimethoprim increases the effect of hydantoinVigabatrin	Vigabatrin decreases the effect of hydantoinAnisindione	Increased hydantoin levels and risk of bleedingAcenocoumarol	Increased hydantoin levels and risk of bleedingDicumarol	Increased hydantoin levels and risk of bleedingWarfarin	Increased hydantoin levels and risk of bleedingAprepitant	This CYP3A4 inducer decreases the effect of aprepitantAtracurium	Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantChloramphenicol	Increases phenytoin, modifies chloramphenicolDoxacurium	Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantFelbamate	Increased phenytoin levels and decreased felbamate levelsGallamine Triethiodide	Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantGefitinib	This CYP3A4 inducer may reduce gefitinib plasma concentrations and pharmacological effectsLevonorgestrel	Phenytoin decreases the contraceptive effectItraconazole	Phenytoin decreases the effect of itraconazoleLopinavir	Levels of both drugs are affectedMetocurine	Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantMetyrapone	The combination renders the test invalidPancuronium	Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantVecuronium	Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantTubocurarine	Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantSunitinib	Possible decrease in sunitinib levelsMivacurium	Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantPosaconazole	Modifications of drug levels for both agentsMirtazapine	The hydantoins may reduce mirtazapine plasma concentrations and pharmacological effectsBetamethasone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidChlorotrianisene	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesClomifene	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesCortisone acetate	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDexamethasone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDiethylstilbestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstradiol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesDopamine	Risk of severe hypotensionEstriol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesConjugated Estrogens	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstrone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstropipate	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesFludrocortisone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHydrocortisone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMedroxyprogesterone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMegestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMethylprednisolone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisolone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidParamethasone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidQuinestrol	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesTriamcinolone	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidVoriconazole	The hydantoin decreases the effect of voriconazoleClozapine	The hydantoin decreases the effect of clozapineCyclosporine	The hydantoin decreases the effect of cyclosporineDisopyramide	The hydantoin decreases the effect of disopyramideFelodipine	The hydantoin decreases the effect of felodipineFurosemide	The hydantoin decreases the effect of furosemideImatinib	The hydantoin decreases the levels of imatinibIrinotecan	The hydantoin decreases the effect of irinotecanLevodopa	The hydantoin decreases the effect of levodopaMebendazole	The hydantoin decreases the efficiency of mebendazoleMethoxsalen	The hydantoin decreases the effect of psoraleneMexiletine	The hydantoin decreases the effect of mexiletineSirolimus	The hydantoin decreases sirolimus levelsTacrolimus	The hydantoin decreases the effect of tacrolimusTrioxsalen	The hydantoin decreases the effect of psoraleneChlorpheniramine	The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinDelavirdine	The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of delavirdineDoxycycline	The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycyclineLamotrigine	Phenytoin may reduce levels of lamotrigineNisoldipine	Phenytoin decreases the efficiency of nisoldipineQuetiapine	Phenytoin decreases the effect of quetiapineQuinidine	The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidineEthinyl Estradiol	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectMestranol	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectNorethindrone	This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
  SUBSTRATES 
CYP 2B6 
bupropion 
cyclophosphamide 
efavirenz 
ifosfamide 
methadone 
 INHIBITORS 
CYP 2B6 
thiotepa 
ticlopidine 
 INDUCERS 
CYP 2B6 
phenobarbital 
**phenytoin** 
rifampin 
  SUBSTRATES 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
Macrolide antibiotics: 
clarithromycin 
erythromycin 
NOT azithromycin 
telithromycin 
Anti-arrhythmics: 
quinidine 
Benzodiazepines: 
alprazolam 
diazepam 
midazolam 
triazolam 
Immune Modulators: 
cyclosporine 
tacrolimus (FK506) 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
ritonavir 
saquinavir 
Prokinetic: 
cisapride 
Antihistamines: 
astemizole 
chlorpheniramine 
Calcium Channel Blockers: 
amlodipine 
diltiazem 
felodipine 
nifedipine 
nisoldipine 
nitrendipine 
verapamil 
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors: 
atorvastatin 
cerivastatin 
lovastatin 
NOT pravastatin 
simvastatin 
aripiprazole 
buspirone 
gleevec 
haloperidol (in part) 
methadone 
pimozide 
quinine 
NOT rosuvastatin 
sildenafil 
tamoxifen 
trazodone 
vincristine 
 INHIBITORS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
nelfinavir 
ritonavir 
amiodarone 
NOT azithromycin 
cimetidine 
clarithromycin 
diltiazem 
erythromycin 
fluvoxamine 
grapefruit juice 
itraconazole 
ketoconazole 
mibefradil 
nefazodone 
troleandomycin 
verapamil 
 INDUCERS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
carbamazepine 
phenobarbital 
**phenytoin** 
rifabutin 
rifampin 
St. John's wort 
troglitazone 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Avoid alcohol.Take with food to increase bioavailability and reduce irritation.Do not take calcium, aluminum, magnesium or Iron supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | SNP Á¤º¸ | 
    
      Name:Phenytoin (DB00252)
 Interacting Gene/Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Gene symbol = CYP2C9) Swissprot P11712
 SNP(s):CYP2C9*1 rs1057910 (C Allele)
 Effect:Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements
 Reference(s):Tate SK, Depondt C, Sisodiya SM, Cavalleri GL, Schorge S, Soranzo N, Thom M, Sen A, Shorvon SD, Sander JW, Wood NW, Goldstein DB: Genetic predictors of the maximum doses patients receive during clinical use of the anti-epileptic drugs carbamazepine and phenytoin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Apr 12;102(15):5507-12. Epub 2005 Apr 1. [PubMed] 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Description | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule	OralLiquid	IntramuscularLiquid	IntravenousSolution	IntramuscularSuspension	OralTablet	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anticonvulsants 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ O=C1NC(=O)C(N1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ O=C1NC(=O)C(N1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 
     | 
   
  
   
    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C15H12N2O2/c18-13-15(17-14(19)16-13,11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H,(H2,16,17,18,19)/f/h16-17H 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 5,5-di(phenyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins | 
    
      PHENYTOIN ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Gamma-glutamyltransferase Drug:phenytoin Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:CYP2C19 Drug:Phenytoin Toxicity:idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:CYP2C9 Drug:Phenytoin Toxicity:idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alanine aminotransferase Drug:phenytoin Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:CYP3A4 Drug:Phenytoin Toxicity:idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alkaline phosphatase Drug:phenytoin Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Cytochrome P450 2C9  Drug:Phenytoin Toxicity:Phenytoin toxicity.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] PHENYTOIN (PHT) ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor  Drug:phenytoin (PHT) Toxicity:cleft palate.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] 
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