다음과 같은 사람은 이 약을 복용하지 말 것
1) 고칼슘혈증(hypercalcemia : 혈액 중에 칼슘이 과잉으로 존재하는 상태)환자, 유육종증(sarcoidosis), 신질환 환자
2) 이 약 및 이 약에 포함된 성분에의 과민반응 환자
3) 3개월 미만의 영아
신중투여
다음과 같은 사람은 이 약을 복용하기 전에 의사, 치과의사, 약사와 상의할 것.
1) 12개월 미만의 영아
2) 의사의 치료를 받고 있는 환자
3) 고수산요증(hyperoxaluria : 요중에 과량의 수산염이 배설되는 상태) 환자
4) 임부 또는 임신하고 있을 가능성이 있는 여성, 수유부
5) 외국에서 임신전 3개월부터 임신초기 3개월까지 비타민 A를 1일 10,000 IU 이상 섭취한 여성으로부터 태어난 아이에서 능형뇌(菱型腦, hindbrain : 배아발생초기 신경관의 내강이 확장되어 형성되는 부분) 등을 중심으로 하는 기형발현 증가가 추정된다는 역학조사결과가 있으므로 임신 3개월 이내 또는 임신하고 있을 가능성이 있는 여성에게 투여할 경우는 용법ㆍ용량에 주의하고 이 약에 의한 비타민 A 투여는 1일 5,000 IU 미만에 머물도록 하는 등 적절한 주의를 한다.
6) 이 약은 황색5호(선셋옐로우 FCF, Sunset Yellow FCF)를 함유하고 있으므로 이 성분에 과민하거나 알레르기 병력이 있는 환자에는 신중히 투여합니다.
7) 이 약은 황색4호(타르트라진)를 함유하고 있으므로 이 성분에 과민하거나 알레르기 병력이 있는 환자에는 신중히 투여합니다.
이상반응
다음과 같은 경우 이 약의 복용을 즉각 중지하고 의사, 치과의사, 약사와 상의할 것. 상담 시 가능한 한 이 첨부문서를 소지할 것.
1) 구역, 구토, 설사, 가려움증, 건조하고 거친 피부, 통증성 관절부종, 묽은 변, 위부 팽만감, 배가 거북함, 변비, 발진, 발적, 식욕부진 등
2) 이 약의 투여에 의하여 생리가 예정보다 빨라지거나 양이 점점 많아질 수 있으며, 출혈이 오래 지속될 수도 있다.
3) 에스트로겐이 포함된 경구용 피임제를 복용하는 여성 또는 혈전성 소인이 있는 환자가 비타민E를 복용할 경우 혈전증의 위험이 증가될 수 있다.
4) 장기간 고용량을 투여할 경우 내성이 생길 수 있다.
5) 피리독신을 1일 50 mg～2 g의 용량으로 장기간 복용하면 감각신경병 또는 신경병 증(neuropathy : 말초신경계의 기능적 장애 또는 병적변화)이 나타날 수 있다.
6) 폴산이 부족한 환자에게 비타민 B12를 1일 10㎍이상 투여할 경우 혈액학적 이상반응이 나타날 수 있다.
7) 고용량 투여에 의해 소화성 궤양을 촉진시키고 당내성 손상(glucose tolerance impairment : 신체의 포도당을 대사하는 능력 장애), 고요산혈증(hyperuricemia, 혈액중에 요산이 과잉으로 존재하는 상태), 간손상을 일으킬 수 있다.
Calcium에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available. Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Vitamin B12 is used in the body in two forms: Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin. The enzyme methionine synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Methionine in turn is required for DNA methylation. 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substances that carries oxygen in red blood cells. Ergocalciferol에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Vitamin D2 is the form of vitamin D most commonly added to foods and nutritional supplements. Vitamin D2 must be transformed (hydroxylated) into one of two active forms via the liver or kidney. Once transformed, it binds to the vitamin D receptor that then leads to a variety of regulatory roles. Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining calcium balance and in the regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH). It promotes renal reabsorption of calcium, increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and increases calcium and phosphorus mobilization from bone to plasma. Vitamin D2 and its analogs appear to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to a specific receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein. L-valine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine) This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates. The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic. There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS. Pyridoxine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine. Vitamin B6, principally in the form of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Riboflavin에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Binds to riboflavin hydrogenase, riboflavin kinase, and riboflavin synthase. Riboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN, riboflavin monophosphate) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is principally derived from its role as a precursor of FAD and the role of this cofactor in the production of the antioxidant reduced glutathione. Reduced glutathione is the cofactor of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases among other things. The glutathione peroxidases are major antioxidant enzymes. Reduced glutathione is generated by the FAD-containing enzyme glutathione reductase.
Pharmacology
Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is a water-soluble organometallic compound with a trivalent cobalt ion bound inside a corrin ring. It is needed for nerve cells and red blood cells, and to make DNA. Vitamin B12 deficiency is the cause of several forms of anemia. Ergocalciferol에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Used in the treatment of hypcalcemia and in dialysis-dependent renal failure. Ergoalcifediol (Vitamin D2) is a fat soluble steroid hormone precursor of vitamin D that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. L-valine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 L-valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid (BCAA) that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. Valine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (the others are leucine and isoleucine) that enhance energy, increase endurance, and aid in muscle tissue recovery and repair. This group also lowers elevated blood sugar levels and increases growth hormone production. Supplemental valine should always be combined with isoleucine and leucine at a respective milligram ratio of 2:1:2. It is an essential amino acid found in proteins; important for optimal growth in infants and for growth in children and nitrogen balance in adults. The lack of L-valine may influence the growth of body, cause neuropathic obstacle, anaemia. It has wide applications in the field of pharmaceutical and food industry. Pyridoxine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin used in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in those receiving isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH). Vitamin B6 has been found to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a small group of subjects with essential hypertension. Hypertension is another risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Another study showed pyridoxine hydrochloride to inhibit ADP- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and to lower total cholesterol levels and increase HDL-cholesterol levels, again in a small group of subjects. Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, was found to protect vascular endothelial cells in culture from injury by activated platelets. Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical initiating events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human studies have demonstrated that vitamin B6 deficiency affects cellular and humoral responses of the immune system. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in altered lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, impaired antibody production, decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased interleukin (IL)-2 production, among other immunologic activities. Riboflavin에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Riboflavin or vitamin B2 is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and general good health, including regulating thyroid activity. Riboflavin also helps in the prevention or treatment of many types of eye disorders, including some cases of cataracts.
Metabolism
Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Ergocalciferol에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 24A1 (CYP24A1) L-valine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) Pyridoxine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Riboflavin에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A)Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Protein Binding
Cyanocobalamin에 대한 단백결합 정보 Very high (to specific plasma proteins called transcobalamins); binding of hydroxocobalamin is slightly higher than cyanocobalamin. Ergocalciferol에 대한 단백결합 정보 >99.8% Pyridoxine에 대한 단백결합 정보 22% Riboflavin에 대한 단백결합 정보 60%
Half-life
Cyanocobalamin에 대한 반감기 정보 Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver). Ergocalciferol에 대한 반감기 정보 19 to 48 hours (however, stored in fat deposits in body for prolonged periods). Pyridoxine에 대한 반감기 정보 15-20 days Riboflavin에 대한 반감기 정보 66-84 minutes
Absorption
Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Absorption 정보 Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum. Ergocalciferol에 대한 Absorption 정보 Readily absorbed from small intestine (proximal or distal), requires presence of bile salts. L-valine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium-dependent active-transport process. Pyridoxine에 대한 Absorption 정보 The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum. Riboflavin에 대한 Absorption 정보 Vitamin B2 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Pharmacokinetics
Cyanocobalamin의 약물동력학자료
흡수 :
경구 투여시 소장 원위부로부터 불규칙적으로 흡수된다.
능동 흡수에는 IF와의 복합체 형성이 필수적이며, 장관벽을 통해 수동 흡수도 가능하다.
위, 회장에 구조적 손상이나 기능적 손상이 있는 경우 흡수가 감소한다.
분포 :
위에서 위점막에 의해 분비되는 당단백인 IF (intrinsic factor)에 결합한다.
장관 점막세포 내에서 vitamin B12-IF 복합체로부터 vitamin B12가 유리된 후, 혈액 내에서 주로 특이적인 β-globulin 수송단백질인 transcobalamin II와 결합한다.
간, 골수 및 태반을 포함한 기타 조직으로 분포하며, 주로 간 (50-90%)에 저장된다.
단백결합 : 주로 transcobalamin II와 결합하며, 소량은 transcobalamin I (α-glycoprotein의 일종) 및 transcobalamin III (inter-α-glycoprotein의 일종)과 결합한다.
대사 : 장간순환
소실 :
Vitamin B12를 투여받고 있지 않는 정상인 : 많은 양이 담즙 배설 후 장간순환한다.
대사 : S-adenosylmethionine을 거쳐 homocysteine으로 전환된다. 그 후 80%가 cystathione, cysteine, taurine, inorganic sulphate로 점차로 대사된다.
Folic Acid의 약물동력학자료
최고효과 발현시간 : 0.5-1시간 내로 나타난다.
흡수 : 소장의 근위부분(proximal part)에서 이루어진다.
Ascorbic Acid의 약물동력학자료
흡수 :
소장에서 거의 완전히 흡수된다.
흡수는 능동수송을 통해 이루어지며 용량의존적이라 여겨진다. (고용량에서 흡수 포화)
분포 : 널리 분포
단백결합 : 약 25%
대사 : 간에서 산화 및 황산 포합 등으로 대사된다.
반감기 : 16일
고용량 투여시 : 3.4 시간
혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 정상 성인 : 2-3 시간
소실 :
주 배설 경로는 신장 및 담즙이다.
신배설은 용량의존적으로, 투여량이 증가하면 신배설량 및 속도가 증가한다.
Calcium pantothenate의 약물동력학자료
흡수 : 경구 : 잘 흡수된다.
소실 : 약 70%는 미변화체로 소변을 통해, 약 30%는 대변을 통해 배설된다.
Ergocalciferol의 약물동력학자료
최대효과 발현시간 : 장기 투여시 : 약 1개월
흡수 :
위장관으로부터 잘 흡수된다.
흡수에는 담즙이 필요하다.
간 질환, 담관 질환, 위장관 질환에서는 흡수가 감소할 수 있다.
분포 : 흡수 후 chylomicrons을 통해 혈중으로 수송되며, 주로 간에 저장되고 기타 지방, 근육, 피부 및 골 조직 등에도 존재한다.
단백결합 : 주로 vitamin D-binding α-globulin에 결합하며 albumin과도 결합한다.
대사 : 간 및 신장에서 활성형인 calcitriol로 대사된다.
반감기 : 25-[OH] D : 16일
혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 4-8 시간 이내
소실 : 주로 담즙 및 대변을 통해 배설되며 소량은 뇨를 통해 배설된다.
Biotransformation
Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic Ergocalciferol에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Within the liver, ergocalciferol is hydroxylated to ercalcidiol (25-hydroxyergocalciferol) by the enzyme 25-hydroxylase. Within the kidney, ercalcidiol serves as a substrate for 1-alpha-hydroxylase, yielding ercalcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol), the biologically active form of vitamin D2. L-valine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic Riboflavin에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic.
Toxicity
Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD50 > 8000 mg/kg Ergocalciferol에 대한 Toxicity 정보 LD50 = 23.7 mg/kg (Orally in mice); LD50 = 10 mg/kg (Orally in rats ); Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, weight loss, irritability, weakness, fatigue, lassitude, and headache. L-valine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Symptoms of hypoglycemia, increased mortality in ALS patients taking large doses of BCAAs. Pyridoxine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Oral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness. Riboflavin에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available
Drug Interactions
Calcium에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Ergocalciferol에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-valine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Pyridoxine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Riboflavin에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available
Calcium에 대한 Description 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Description 정보 Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products. [HMDB] Ergocalciferol에 대한 Description 정보 Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) is a derivative of ergosterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from cholecalciferol in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24. [PubChem] L-valine에 대한 Description 정보 A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. [PubChem] Nicotinamide에 대한 Description 정보 An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. [PubChem] Pyridoxine에 대한 Description 정보 The 4-methanol form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). [PubChem] Riboflavin에 대한 Description 정보 Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. [PubChem]
Dosage Form
Calcium에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralLiquid DentalLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPaste DentalPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntramuscularSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, chewable Oral Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralLiquid IntramuscularLiquid OralPowder OralSolution IntramuscularTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral Ergocalciferol에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule Oral Pyridoxine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid IntramuscularSolution IntramuscularSolution / drops OralTablet Oral Riboflavin에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available
Drug Category
Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Antianemic AgentsEssential VitaminVitamins (Vitamin B Complex) Ergocalciferol에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Antihypocalcemic AgentsAntihypoparathyroid AgentsBone Density Conservation AgentsEssential VitaminVitaminsVitamins (Vitamin D) L-valine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementsEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrients Nicotinamide에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Vitamin B Complex Pyridoxine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex) Riboflavin에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Photosensitizing AgentsRadiation-Sensitizing AgentsVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Smiles String Canonical
Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 Not Available Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 [Co+3].[C-] Ergocalciferol에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(C)C(C)C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(C)CCCC2=CC=C1CC(O)CCC1=C L-valine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O Nicotinamide에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 Pyridoxine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O Riboflavin에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(CC(O)C(O)C(O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
Smiles String Isomeric
Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 Not Available Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 [Co+3].[C-] Ergocalciferol에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC(C)[C@@H](C)\C=C\[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CCC\C2=C/C=C1/C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C L-valine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O Nicotinamide에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 Pyridoxine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O Riboflavin에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
InChI Identifier
Calcium에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 Not Available Cyanocobalamin에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C62H90N13O14P.CN.Co/c1-29-20-39-40(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-39)57-52(84)53(41(27-76)87-57)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)18-19-59(8)37(22-46(66)80)56-62(11)61(10,25-48(68)82)36(14-17-45(65)79)51(74-62)33(5)55-60(9,24-47(67)81)34(12-15-43(63)77)38(71-55)23-42-58(6,7)35(13-16-44(64)78)50(72-42)32(4)54(59)73-56;1-2;/h20-21,23,28,31,34-37,41,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,22,24-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;/q;-1;+3/p-1/t31?,34-,35-,36-,37+,41+,52?,53?,56?,57+,59-,60+,61+,62+;;/m1../s1/fC62H89N13O14P.CN.Co/h69,85H,63-68H2;;/q-1;2m/b42-23-,54-32-,55-33-;; Ergocalciferol에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C28H44O/c1-19(2)20(3)9-10-22(5)26-15-16-27-23(8-7-17-28(26,27)6)12-13-24-18-25(29)14-11-21(24)4/h9-10,12-13,19-20,22,25-27,29H,4,7-8,11,14-18H2,1-3,5-6H3/b10-9+,23-12+,24-13-/t20-,22+,25-,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1 L-valine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C5H11NO2/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3-4H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h7H Nicotinamide에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9)/f/h7H2 Pyridoxine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C8H11NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3 Riboflavin에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C17H20N4O6/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(5-11(23)14(25)12(24)6-22)15-13(18-9)16(26)20-17(27)19-15/h3-4,11-12,14,22-25H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,26,27)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1/f/h20H
Chemical IUPAC Name
Calcium에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available Cyanocobalamin에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available Ergocalciferol에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(E,2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol L-valine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid Nicotinamide에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 pyridine-3-carboxamide Pyridoxine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol Riboflavin에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins
LYSINE 의 Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Protein정보 Replated Protein:Tamm-Horsfall protein Drug:Lysine Toxicity:persisting acute renal failure . [바로가기]METHIONINE 의 Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Protein정보 Replated Protein:NMDA receptor-regulated protein Drug:methionine Toxicity:cerebrovascular disease. [바로가기]Replated Protein:Cystathionine beta-synthase Drug:methionine Toxicity:lipoprotein peroxidation and platelet aggregation. [바로가기]Replated Protein:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Drug:methionine Toxicity:lipoprotein peroxidation and platelet aggregation. [바로가기]
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항목
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최근정보수정일 2023-10-04
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