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| Related FDA Approved Drug |
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| Mechanism of Action |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Apraclonidine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist. It has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Apraclonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow.
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| Pharmacology |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Apraclonidine significantly lowers intraocular pressure with minimal effects on cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters. It lowers intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow.
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| Protein Binding |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 98.7%
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| Half-life |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 8 hours
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| Absorption |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Topical use of apraclonidine ophthalmic solution leads to systemic absorption. Studies of apraclonidine (0.5% ophthalmic solution) dosed one drop three times a day in both eyes for 10 days in normal volunteers yielded mean peak and trough concentrations of 0.9 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Apraclonidine HClÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ÀÛ¿ë¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : 1 ½Ã°£
- ÃÖ´ë ¾È³»¾Ð (IOP) °ÇÏ È¿°ú ¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : 3-5 ½Ã°£
|
| Toxicity |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Accidental or intentional ingestion of oral apraclonidine has been reported to cause apnea, arrhythmias, asthenia, bradycardia, conduction defects, diminished or absent reflexes, dryness of the mouth, hypotension, hypothermia, hypoventilation, irritability, lethargy, miosis, pallor, respiratory depression, sedation or coma, seizure, somnolence, transient hypertension, and vomiting.
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| Drug Interactions |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Apraclonidine, also known as iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist.
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| Dosage Form |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Liquid OphthalmicSolution / drops Ophthalmic
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| Drug Category |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Adrenergic alpha-AgonistsAntiglaucomic AgentsEENT DrugsOphthalmics
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ NC1=CC(Cl)=C(NC2=NCCN2)C(Cl)=C1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ NC1=CC(Cl)=C(NC2=NCCN2)C(Cl)=C1
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| InChI Identifier |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C9H10Cl2N4/c10-6-3-5(12)4-7(11)8(6)15-9-13-1-2-14-9/h3-4H,1-2,12H2,(H2,13,14,15)/f/h13,15H
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Apraclonidine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2,6-dichloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine
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The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. APRACLONIDINE[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score) I(Marginal) 0(Active) 0[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0[SGOT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0[SGPT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0[LDH Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0[GGT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0
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