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| Á¶Á¦½Ã ÁÖÀÇ |
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 | ÇмúÁ¤º¸ |
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| Ç׸ñ |
³»¿ë |
| DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) |
º´¿ë±Ý±â :
°í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
[»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]
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| Mechanism of Action |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ The mechanism of action of levamisole as an antiparasitic agent appears to be tied to its agnositic activity towards the L-subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nematode muscles. This agonistic action reduces the capacity of the males to control their reproductive muscles and limits their ability to copulate. The mechanism of action of Levamisole as an anticancer drug in combination with fluorouracil is unknown. The effects of levamisole on the immune system are complex. The drug appears to restore depressed immune function rather than to stimulate response to above-normal levels. Levamisole can stimulate formation of antibodies to various antigens, enhance T-cell responses by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, potentiate monocyte and macrophage functions including phagocytosis and chemotaxis, and increase neutrophil mobility, adherence, and chemotaxis.
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| Pharmacology |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Levamisole is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative that has been widely used in treatment of worm infestations in both humans and animals. As an anthelmintic, it probably works by targeting the nematode nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor. As an immunomodulator, it appears that Levamisole is an immunostimulant which has been shown to increase NK cells and activated T-cells in patients receiving this adjuvantly along with 5FU for Stage III colon cancer.
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| Protein Binding |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 20-25%
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| Half-life |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 4.4-5.6 hours (biphasic)
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| Absorption |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Levamisole is rapidly absorbed (2 hours) from the gastrointestinal tract.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Levamisole HClÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸·Î ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ Èí¼ö : ¿©¼ºÀÌ ³²¼º¿¡ ºñÇØ 2¹è Èí¼ö¼Óµµ°¡ ºü¸£´Ù.
- ¹Ý°¨±â :
º» ¾à¹° : 2.5-6.5 ½Ã°£
´ë»çü : 16½Ã°£
- ´ë»ç : °£´ë»ç
- ¼Ò½Ç :
´¢¹è¼³ (70%, ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î 3%), ´ëº¯¹è¼³ : 5%
¹Ìº¯Èü ´¢¹è¼³Àº ´¢ PH¿Í ¿ªÀ¸·Î »ó°üÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
- ÃÖ°í Ç÷Áß³óµµ µµ´Þ ½Ã°£ : 1.5-2 ½Ã°£
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| Biotransformation |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic (extensive) with both active and inactive metabolites.
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| Toxicity |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50 = 40 mg/kg (Pigs, subcutaneous); LD50 = 180 mg/kg (rat, oral)
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| Drug Interactions |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Anisindione The agent increases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol The agent increases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol The agent increases the anticoagulant effectWarfarin The agent increases the anticoagulant effect
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
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| Food Interaction |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take on an empty stomach.
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)
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| Drug Category |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Adjuvants, ImmunologicAntinematodal AgentsAntirheumatic Agents
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ C1CN2CC(N=C2S1)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ C1C[N@@]2C[C@@H](N=C2S1)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| InChI Identifier |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2/t10-/m1/s1
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Levamisole¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole
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ÀüÈ: 02-3486-1061 ¤Ó À̸ÞÀÏ: webmaster@druginfo.co.kr
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The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. LEVAMISOLE[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score) A(Marginal) 0(Active) 3[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score) A(Number of Rpts) ¡Ã4(Index value) 38.3[SGOT Increase](Activity Score) A(Number of Rpts) ¡Ã4(Index value) 26.5[SGPT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 8.8[LDH Increase](Activity Score) A(Number of Rpts) ¡Ã4(Index value) 29.4[GGT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 5.9
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