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Æä³ë¶ó¹ÎÁ¤ [Chlorpheniramine Maleate , Methylephedrine HCl , Phenobarbital]
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Àü¹®ÀǾàǰ | »èÁ¦
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µå·°ÀÎÆ÷¿¡¼´Â ÀǾàǰ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÆÇ¸Å¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. |
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À¯·áȸ¿ø °áÀç½Ã¿¡´Â º¸´Ù ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¾à¹°Á¤º¸¸¦
ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
À¯·áÁ¤º¸¸ñ·ÏÀº Àü¹®È¸¿øÀ¸·Î
·Î±×ÀÎ ÇϽøé È®ÀÎ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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| Ç׸ñ |
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û±¸ÄÚµå(KDÄÚµå) ºñ±Þ¿©Á¡°ËÄÚµå »óÇÑ±Ý¾× |
[A12601781]
[º¸ÇèÄڵ忡 µû¸¥ ¾àǰ±âº»Á¤º¸ Á÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
\0 ¿ø/1Á¤(2006.01.01)(ÇöÀç¾à°¡)
\15 ¿ø/1Á¤(2000.07.01)(º¯°æÀü¾à°¡)
[»óº´ÄÚµåÁ¶È¸]
[Áúº´ÄÚµåÁ¶È¸]
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[ÀûÀÀÁõ º° °Ë»ö]
±âħ, õ½Ä, °¡·¡
[Drugbank ÀÇ ¼ººÐÁ¤º¸¿¶÷] [Chlorpheniramine]
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* Àý´ë ÀÓÀǺ¹¿ëÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã°í ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»ç¿Í »ó´ãÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
[󹿾à¾î]
[TDM ´ë»ó¾à¹°] Anticonvulsants
Phenobarbital
À¯È¿Ç÷û³óµµ: 15~40 §¶/§¢
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| Related FDA Approved Drug |
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(phenobarbital )
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»ó±â ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Àü»êó¸® µÇ¸é¼ ÀÔ·Â ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀ» ±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±× Á¤È®¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© È®½ÅÀ» µå¸± ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ȸ»ç´Â Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
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| DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) |
º´¿ë±Ý±â :
°í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
[»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]
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[¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â»ó¼¼°Ë»ö]
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| µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do |
| Mechanism of Action |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Chlorpheniramine binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Phenobarbital acts on GABAA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition. This has the effect of elevating seizure threshold and reducing the spread of seizure activity from a seizure focus. Phenobarbital may also inhibit calcium channels, resulting in a decrease in excitatory transmitter release. The sedative-hypnotic effects of phenobarbital are likely the result of its effect on the polysynaptic midbrain reticular formation, which controls CNS arousal.
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| Pharmacology |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Chlorpheniramine, is a histamine H1 antagonist (or more correctly, an inverse histamine agonist) of the alkylamine class. It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Phenobarbital, the longest-acting barbiturate, is used for its anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic properties in the management of all seizure disorders except absence (petit mal).
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| Metabolism |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)
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| Protein Binding |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 72%
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 20 to 45%
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| Half-life |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 21-27 hours
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 53 to 118 hours (mean 79 hours)
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| Absorption |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorbed in varying degrees following oral, rectal or parenteral administration. The salts are more rapidly absorbed than are the acids. The rate of absorption is increased if the sodium salt is ingested as a dilute solution or taken on an empty stomach.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Chlorpheniramine MaleateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 69-72%
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PhenobarbitalÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
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- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : 70-90%
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- ¹Ý°¨±â :
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- ¼Ò½Ç : 20-50%°¡ ¼Òº¯À¸·Î ¹Ìº¯È ¹è¼³µÊ
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| Biotransformation |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic via Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic (mostly via CYP2C19).
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| Toxicity |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50 = 306 mg/kg in humans, mild reproductive toxin to women of childbearing age.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ CNS and respiratory depression which may progress to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, areflexia, constriction of the pupils to a slight degree (though in severe poisoning they may wshow paralytic dilation), oliguria, tachycardia, hypotension, lowered body temperature, and coma. Typical shock syndrome (apnea, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death) may occur.
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| Drug Interactions |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Donepezil Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine Possible antagonism of actionRivastigmine Possible antagonism of actionEthotoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinFosphenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinMephenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinPhenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoin
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Aminophylline The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineDyphylline The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineOxtriphylline The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineTheophylline The barbiturate decreases the effect of theophyllineAnisindione The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectWarfarin The barbiturate decreases the anticoagulant effectBetamethasone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidCortisone acetate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidCyclosporine The barbiturate decreases the effect of cyclosporineDasatinib Decreased levels/efficacy of ddasatinibDelavirdine The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of delavirdineDexamethasone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDisopyramide Phenobarbital decreases levels of disopyramideDoxycycline The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycyclineFelbamate Felbamate increases the effect and toxicity of phenobarbital/primidoneFelodipine The barbiturate decreases the effect of felodipineFludrocortisone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidFolic Acid Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsantGefitinib This CYP3A4 inducer may reduce gefitinib plasma concentrations and pharmacological effectsGriseofulvin The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinHydrocortisone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidItraconazole The barbiturate decreases the effect of itraconazoleMethadone The barbiturate decreases the effect of methadoneMethylprednisolone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisolone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidParamethasone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidTriamcinolone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidVoriconazole The barbiturate decreases the effect of voriconazoleVerapamil The barbiturate decreases the effect of the calcium channel blockerSunitinib Possible decrease in sunitinib levelsPropranolol The barbiturate decreases the effect of the metabolized beta-blockerMetoprolol The barbiturate decreases the effect of the metabolized beta-blockerMethoxyflurane The barbiturate increases the renal toxicity of methoxyfluraneMetronidazole The barbiturate decreases the effect of metronidazoleNifedipine The barbiturate decreases the effect of the calcium channel blockerQuinidine The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidineDivalproex sodium Valproic acid increases the effect of barbiturateChlorotrianisene The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesClomifene The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesDiethylstilbestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstradiol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstriol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesConjugated Estrogens The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstrone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesEstropipate The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesImatinib Phenobarbital decreases levels of imatinibLevonorgestrel Phenobarbital decreases the effect of levonorgestrelMedroxyprogesterone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesMegestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesQuinestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormonesNorethindrone This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectMestranol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectEthinyl Estradiol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
SUBSTRATES
CYP 2D6
Beta Blockers:
S-metoprolol
propafenone
timolol
Antidepressants:
amitriptyline
clomipramine
desipramine
imipramine
paroxetine
Antipsychotics:
haloperidol
risperidone
thioridazine
aripiprazole
codeine
dextromethorphan
duloxetine
flecainide
mexiletine
ondansetron
tamoxifen
tramadol
venlafaxine
INHIBITORS
CYP 2D6
amiodarone
buproprion
**chlorpheniramine**
cimetidine
clomipramine
duloxetine
fluoxetine
haloperidol
methadone
mibefradil
paroxetine
quinidine
ritonavir
INDUCERS
CYP 2D6
N/A
SUBSTRATES
CYP 2B6
bupropion
cyclophosphamide
efavirenz
ifosfamide
methadone
INHIBITORS
CYP 2B6
thiotepa
ticlopidine
INDUCERS
CYP 2B6
**phenobarbital**
phenytoin
rifampin
SUBSTRATES
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
Macrolide antibiotics:
clarithromycin
erythromycin
NOT azithromycin
telithromycin
Anti-arrhythmics:
quinidine
Benzodiazepines:
alprazolam
diazepam
midazolam
triazolam
Immune Modulators:
cyclosporine
tacrolimus (FK506)
HIV Protease Inhibitors:
indinavir
ritonavir
saquinavir
Prokinetic:
cisapride
Antihistamines:
astemizole
chlorpheniramine
Calcium Channel Blockers:
amlodipine
diltiazem
felodipine
nifedipine
nisoldipine
nitrendipine
verapamil
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors:
atorvastatin
cerivastatin
lovastatin
NOT pravastatin
simvastatin
aripiprazole
buspirone
gleevec
haloperidol (in part)
methadone
pimozide
quinine
NOT rosuvastatin
sildenafil
tamoxifen
trazodone
vincristine
INHIBITORS
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
HIV Protease Inhibitors:
indinavir
nelfinavir
ritonavir
amiodarone
NOT azithromycin
cimetidine
clarithromycin
diltiazem
erythromycin
fluvoxamine
grapefruit juice
itraconazole
ketoconazole
mibefradil
nefazodone
troleandomycin
verapamil
INDUCERS
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
carbamazepine
**phenobarbital**
phenytoin
rifabutin
rifampin
St. John's wort
troglitazone
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| Food Interaction |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take with food.Avoid alcohol.
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Avoid alcohol.Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).Increase dietary intake of magnesium, folate, vitamin B6, B12, and/or consider taking a multivitamin.Take on an empty stomach for quicker absorption
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine. [PubChem]
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. [PubChem]
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| Dosage Form |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Syrup OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Elixir OralSolution IntramuscularTablet Oral
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| Drug Category |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Allergic AgentsAntihistaminesAntipruriticsHistamine H1 Antagonists
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ AnticonvulsantsExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsGABA ModulatorsHypnotics and Sedatives
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CN(C)CCC(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CN(C)CC[C@H](C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| InChI Identifier |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C16H19ClN2/c1-19(2)12-10-15(16-5-3-4-11-18-16)13-6-8-14(17)9-7-13/h3-9,11,15H,10,12H2,1-2H3
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C12H12N2O3/c1-2-12(8-6-4-3-5-7-8)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h3-7H,2H2,1H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17)/f/h13-14H
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine
Phenobarbital¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
MALEATE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Drug:maleate Toxicity:hepatic injury. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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Á¤º¸ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÆíÁý»óÀÇ ¿À·ù, Çã°¡»çÇ× º¯°æ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Çмú¿¬±¸ ¶Ç´Â Àӻ󿬱¸ ¹ßÇ¥ µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ µå·°ÀÎÆ÷´Â
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¹Ýµå½Ã Á¦Á¶¡¤¼öÀÔ»ç, ÆÇ¸Å»ç, ÀÇ»ç, ¾à»ç¿¡°Ô ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
ÀüÈ: 02-3486-1061 ¤Ó À̸ÞÀÏ: webmaster@druginfo.co.kr
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