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°í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
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| Mechanism of Action |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Aluminum Acetate is an astringent. An astrignent is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topical medicinal application. The shrinkage or constriction is through osmotic flow of water (or other fluids) away from the area where the astringent was applied. Astringent medicines cause shrinkage of mucous membranes or exposed tissues and are often used internally to check discharge of blood serum or mucous secretions. This can happen with a sore throat, hemorrhages, diarrhea, or with peptic ulcers. Externally applied astringents, which cause mild coagulation of skin proteins, dry, harden, and protect the skin. Acne sufferers are often advised to use astringents if they have oily skin. Astringents also help heal stretch marks and other scars. Mild astringent solutions are used in the relief of such minor skin irritations as those resulting from superficial cuts, allergies, insect bites, or fungal infections such as athlete's foot.
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Local anesthetics block both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane's permeability to sodium ions. This reversibly stabilizes the membrane and inhibits depolarization, resulting in the failure of a propagated action potential and subsequent conduction blockade.
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Glucocorticoids such as Prednisolone can inhibit leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interfere with mediators of inflammatory response, and suppress humoral immune responses. The antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Prednisolone reduces inflammatory reaction by limiting the capillary dilatation and permeability of the vascular structures. These compounds restrict the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages and reduce the release of vasoactive kinins. Recent research suggests that corticosteroids may inhibit the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids, thereby reducing the formation of prostaglandins. Prednisolone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. On binding, the corticoreceptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing an increase or decrease in expression of specific target genes, including suppression of IL2 (interleukin 2) expression.
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| Pharmacology |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Not Available
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Dibucaine is an amide-type local anesthetic, similar to lidocaine.
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used as antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive agent. Prednisolone is indicated in the treatment of various conditions, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, allergic corneal marginal ulcers, symptomatic sarcoidosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults, leukemias and lymphomas in adults, and ulcerative colitis. Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical steroids and cause profound and varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body's immune responses to diverse stimuli.
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| Metabolism |
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)Cholinesterase
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
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| Protein Binding |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Very high (>90%)
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| Half-life |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 2-3 hours
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| Absorption |
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ In general, ionized forms (salts) of local anesthetics are not readily absorbed through intact skin. However, both nonionized (bases) and ionized forms of local anesthetics are readily absorbed through traumatized or abraded skin into the systemic circulation.
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Readily absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma concentration is reached 1-2 hours after administration.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Dibucaine HClÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ÀÛ¿ë¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : 15ºÐ À̳»
- ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ : 2-4 ½Ã°£
- Èí¼ö : ¼Õ»óµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇǺο¡ Àû¿ë½Ã Èí¼ö´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀûÁö¸¸, Á¡¸·À̳ª ¼Õ»óµÈ ÇǺηκÎÅÍ´Â Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
Tocopherol AcetateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ :
- ¼ÒÀåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èí¼öµÇ´Â µ¥¿¡´Â ´ãÁóÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
- Èí¼ö ÀúÇÏ : Èí¼öÀå¾Ö ȯÀÚ, ÀúüÁß ¹Ì¼÷¾Æ, °í¿ë·® Åõ¿©
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- ºÐÆ÷ : ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷¿¡ ºÐÆ÷Çϸç, ƯÈ÷ Áö¹æÁ¶Á÷¿¡ °í³óµµ·Î ºÐÆ÷Çϰí ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
- ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ glucuronides Æ÷ÇÕ
- ¼Ò½Ç : ÁÖ·Î ´ãÁóÀ» ÅëÇØ (70-80%) ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
Prednisolone acetateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 65¡91% (¿ë·® ÀÇÁ¸Àû)
- ´ë»ç : ÀÏÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î °£¿¡¼ ´ë»çµÇ³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡¼µµ ´ë»ç°¡ ÀϾ¸ç ºñȰ¼ºÇü ´ë»çü°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù.
- ¹Ý°¨±â : 3.6½Ã°£
- »ý¸®Àû ¹Ý°¨±â : 18-36½Ã°£
- ¸»±â ½ÅÁúȯ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹Ý°¨±â : 3¡5½Ã°£
- ¼Ò½Ç : ´ëºÎºÐ glucuronides, sulfates Æ÷ÇÕü³ª ºñÆ÷ÇÕ ´ë»çü·Î ½Å¹è¼³ µÈ´Ù.
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| Biotransformation |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic.
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Excreted in the urine as either free or glucoconjugate.
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| Toxicity |
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Subcutaneous LD50 in rat is 27 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, hypoxia, acidosis, bradycardia, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50=500 mg/kg (oral, rat), short-term side effects include high blood glucose levels and fluid retention. Long term side effects include Cushing's syndrome, weight gain, osteoporosis, glaucoma, type II diabetes and adrenal suppression.
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| Drug Interactions |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Cyclosporine Synercid increases the effect of cyclosporineAmlodipine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityArsenic trioxide This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityAstemizole This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityAtorvastatin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityCarbamazepine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityCerivastatin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityCisapride This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityClarithromycin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDelavirdine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDiazepam This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDihydroquinidine barbiturate This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDiltiazem This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDisopyramide This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDocetaxel This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDofetilide This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityDroperidol This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityErythromycin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityEtoposide This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFelbamate This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFelodipine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFlecainide This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFoscarnet This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityFosphenytoin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityGatifloxacin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityGrepafloxacin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityHalofantrine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityIndinavir This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityIsradipine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLercanidipine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLevofloxacin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLosartan This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLevomethadyl Acetate This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLidocaine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityLovastatin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityMethylprednisolone This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityMidazolam This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityMoexipril This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityMoxifloxacin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityNevirapine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityNicardipine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityNifedipine Synercid increases the effect of ziprasidoneNimodipine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityNisoldipine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityOctreotide This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityPaclitaxel This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityPentamidine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityQuetiapine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityQuinidine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityQuinidine barbiturate This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityRitonavir This combination presents an increased risk of toxicitySalmeterol This combination presents an increased risk of toxicitySimvastatin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTacrolimus This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTamoxifen This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTeniposide This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTerfenadine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityTizanidine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVenlafaxine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVerapamil This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVinblastine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVincristine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVindesine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityVinorelbine This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Methotrexate The NSAID increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexateLithium The NSAID increases serum levels of lithiumAcenocoumarol The NSAID increases the anticoagulant effect
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Ambenonium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesEdrophonium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesNeostigmine The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesPyridostigmine The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesWarfarin The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectDicumarol The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectAnisindione The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectMidodrine Increased arterial pressureAspirin The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesBismuth Subsalicylate The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalicylate-magnesium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalicylate-sodium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalsalate The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesTrisalicylate-choline The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesTalbutal The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidSecobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidQuinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrimidone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPhenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPentobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMethylphenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMethohexital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHexobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHeptabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDihydroquinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButethal The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButalbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidAprobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidAmobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidChlorotrianisene The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidClomifene The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidDiethylstilbestrol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEstradiol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEstriol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidConjugated Estrogens The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEstrone The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEstropipate The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEthinyl Estradiol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidMestranol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidQuinestrol The estrogenic agent increases the effect of the corticosteroidEthotoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidFosphenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMephenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPhenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidRifampin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidItraconazole The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of the corticosteroidKetoconazole The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of the corticosteroid
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
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| Food Interaction |
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take with food to reduce gastric irritation.Avoid alcohol. Avoid caffeine.
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. [PubChem]
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006)
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [PubChem]
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| Drug Category |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Not Available
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anesthetics, Local
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Adrenergic AgentsAnti-inflammatory AgentsAntineoplastic AgentsAntineoplastic Agents, HormonalGlucocorticoids
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ [Al]
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCCCOC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)NCCN(CC)CC
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC12CC(O)C3C(CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC34C)C1CCC2(O)C(=O)CO
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ [Al]
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCCCOC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)NCCN(CC)CC
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ C[C@]12C[C@H](O)[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]2(O)C(=O)CO
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| InChI Identifier |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/Al
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C20H29N3O2/c1-4-7-14-25-19-15-17(16-10-8-9-11-18(16)22-19)20(24)21-12-13-23(5-2)6-3/h8-11,15H,4-7,12-14H2,1-3H3,(H,21,24)/f/h21H
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C21H28O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h5,7,9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-4,6,8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Aluminium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ aluminum
Dibucaine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-butoxy-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)quinoline-4-carboxamide
Prednisolone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
PREDNISOLONE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:DNA topoisomerase 1 Drug:prednisolone Toxicity:appearance of apoptotic cells. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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