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1) ÀÌ ¾à ¹× ÀÌ ¾à¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¼ººÐ¿¡ °ú¹ÎÁõÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ.
2) 3°³¿ù ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ¿µ¾Æ
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1) ÀÇ»çÀÇ Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹Þ°í Àִ ȯÀÚ.
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| Off-label Usage |
[Á¶È¸]
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µå·°ÀÎÆ÷ ÀǾàǰ ¿ä¾à/»ó¼¼Á¤º¸
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M040679/ÆÇÅäÅÙ»êÄ®½· 20¹Ð¸®±×·¥ /
M071150/Áú»êÄ¡¾Æ¹Î 15¹Ð¸®±×·¥ /
M040133/¸®º¸Çöóºó 10¹Ð¸®±×·¥ /
M040064/´ÏÄÚÆ¾»ê¾Æ¹Ìµå 100¹Ð¸®±×·¥ /
M040354/¾Æ½ºÄÚ¸£ºó»ê 100¹Ð¸®±×·¥ /
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M040751/¿°»êÇǸ®µ¶½Å 25¹Ð¸®±×·¥ /
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ºñŸ¹ÎB±º/ºñŸ¹ÎC¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ºñŸ¹ÎB±º (Vitamin B-Complex / with C)
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316 (È¥ÇÕºñŸ¹ÎÁ¦(ºñŸ¹ÎADÈ¥ÇÕÁ¦Á¦¸¦ Á¦¿Ü) )
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| Drugs By Indication |
[Àüüº¸±â]
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| Drugs By Classification |
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ÀüüÀӽŠ±â°£º°·Î ¿©·¯µî±ÞÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ º¸¿©Áý´Ï´Ù. ´Ü, º¹ÇÕÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ðµç º¹ÇÕÁ¦¼ººÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©µî±ÞÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÀº Àý´ë ¾Æ´Ï¸ç Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÁß¿¡ °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù.
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(ascorbic acid;pyridoxine;riboflavin;thiamine; )
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| º¸°ü»ó ÁÖÀÇ |
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| DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) |
º´¿ë±Ý±â :
°í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
[»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]
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[¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â»ó¼¼°Ë»ö]
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| µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ |
Ascorbic Acid¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do |
| Mechanism of Action |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ The sedative effects of ethanol are mediated through binding to GABA receptors and glycine receptors (alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits). In its role as an anti-infective, ethanol acts as an osmolyte or dehydrating agent that disrupts the osmotic balance across cell membranes.
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine. Vitamin B6, principally in the form of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Binds to riboflavin hydrogenase, riboflavin kinase, and riboflavin synthase. Riboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN, riboflavin monophosphate) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is principally derived from its role as a precursor of FAD and the role of this cofactor in the production of the antioxidant reduced glutathione. Reduced glutathione is the cofactor of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases among other things. The glutathione peroxidases are major antioxidant enzymes. Reduced glutathione is generated by the FAD-containing enzyme glutathione reductase.
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux.
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| Pharmacology |
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Alcohol produces injury to cells by dehydration and precipitation of the cytoplasm or protoplasm. This accounts for its bacteriocidal and antifungal action. When alcohol is injected in close proximity to nerve tissues, it produces neuritis and nerve degeneration (neurolysis). Ninety to 98% of ethanol that enters the body is completely oxidized. Ethanol is also used as a cosolvent to dissolve many insoluble drugs and to serve as a mild sedative in some medicinal formulations.
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin used in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in those receiving isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH). Vitamin B6 has been found to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a small group of subjects with essential hypertension. Hypertension is another risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Another study showed pyridoxine hydrochloride to inhibit ADP- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and to lower total cholesterol levels and increase HDL-cholesterol levels, again in a small group of subjects. Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, was found to protect vascular endothelial cells in culture from injury by activated platelets. Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical initiating events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human studies have demonstrated that vitamin B6 deficiency affects cellular and humoral responses of the immune system. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in altered lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, impaired antibody production, decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased interleukin (IL)-2 production, among other immunologic activities.
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Riboflavin or vitamin B2 is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and general good health, including regulating thyroid activity. Riboflavin also helps in the prevention or treatment of many types of eye disorders, including some cases of cataracts.
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamine has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells.
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| Metabolism |
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A)Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
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| Absorption |
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Rapidly absorbed.
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum.
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Vitamin B2 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
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| Toxicity |
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral, rat LD50: 5628 mg/kg. Symptoms and effects of overdose include nausea, vomiting, CNS depression, acute respiratory failure or death and with chronic use, severe health problems, such as liver and brain damage.
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness.
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
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| Drug Interactions |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
SUBSTRATES
CYP 2E1
acetaminophen
chlorzoxazone
**ethanol**
INHIBITORS
CYP 2E1
disulfiram
INDUCERS
CYP 2E1
**ethanol**
isoniazid
SUBSTRATES
CYP 2E1
acetaminophen
chlorzoxazone
**ethanol**
INHIBITORS
CYP 2E1
disulfiram
INDUCERS
CYP 2E1
**ethanol**
isoniazid
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast.
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. [PubChem]
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. [PubChem]
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ The 4-methanol form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). [PubChem]
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. [PubChem]
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. [PubChem]
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| Dosage Form |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule OralLiquid DentalLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPaste DentalPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntramuscularSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, chewable Oral
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Aerosol TopicalGel TopicalLiquid IntramuscularLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid TopicalLotion TopicalSolution TopicalSolution / drops OralSpray Topical
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Liquid IntramuscularSolution IntramuscularSolution / drops OralTablet Oral
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Not Available
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Liquid IntramuscularLiquid IntravenousSolution IntravenousTablet Oral
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| Drug Category |
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Infective Agents, LocalCentral Nervous System DepressantsDisinfectantsSolvents
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Vitamin B Complex
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Photosensitizing AgentsRadiation-Sensitizing AgentsVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ Not Available
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCO
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(CC(O)C(O)C(O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ Not Available
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CCO
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1
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| InChI Identifier |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9)/f/h7H2
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C8H11NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C17H20N4O6/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(5-11(23)14(25)12(24)6-22)15-13(18-9)16(26)20-17(27)19-15/h3-4,11-12,14,22-25H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,26,27)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1/f/h20H
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1/f/h13H2
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
ethanol¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ ethanol
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ pyridine-3-carboxamide
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
ETHANOL ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Proenkephalin Drug:ethanol Toxicity:ethanol narcosis. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Insulin receptor substrate 1 Drug:Ethanol Toxicity:impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase Drug:Ethanol Toxicity:impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Insulin receptor substrate 2 Drug:Ethanol Toxicity:impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Mitogen-activated protein kinase(Erk2) Drug:Ethanol Toxicity:impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Mitogen-activated protein kinase Drug:Ethanol Toxicity:impair liver regeneration, inhibit DNA synthesis, and mute cellular responses to growth factor stimulation. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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µå·°ÀÎÆ÷ ÀǾàÇмúÁ¤º¸´Â ½ÄǰÀǾàǰ¾ÈÀüóÀÇ Á¦Ç°Çã°¡»çÇ×, Çмú¹®Çå, Á¦¾àȸ»ç Á¦°øÁ¤º¸ µîÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÈ Âü°í Á¤º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Á¤º¸ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÆíÁý»óÀÇ ¿À·ù, Çã°¡»çÇ× º¯°æ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Çмú¿¬±¸ ¶Ç´Â Àӻ󿬱¸ ¹ßÇ¥ µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ µå·°ÀÎÆ÷´Â
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ÀüÈ: 02-3486-1061 ¤Ó À̸ÞÀÏ: webmaster@druginfo.co.kr
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