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[Mercaptopurine]
> [Mercaptopurine] CAS number/50-44-2 ATC code/L01BB02 PubChem/667490 DrugBank/APRD01096.txt Formula/C5H4N4S Mol. mass/152.181 g/mol Bioavailability/5 to 37% Metabolism/ ? Excretion/Renal Pregnancy cat./
?,(Increased Risk of Abortion) Legal status/
? Routes/Oral
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| Mechanism of Action |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Mercaptopurine competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is itself converted to thioinosinic acid (TIMP). This intracellular nucleotide inhibits several reactions involving inosinic acid (IMP), including the conversion of IMP to xanthylic acid (XMP) and the conversion of IMP to adenylic acid (AMP) via adenylosuccinate (SAMP). In addition, 6-methylthioinosinate (MTIMP) is formed by the methylation of TIMP. Both TIMP and MTIMP have been reported to inhibit glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, the first enzyme unique to the de novo pathway for purine ribonucleotide synthesis. Experiments indicate that radiolabeled mercaptopurine may be recovered from the DNA in the form of deoxythioguanosine. Some mercaptopurine is converted to nucleotide derivatives of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) by the sequential actions of inosinate (IMP) dehydrogenase and xanthylate (XMP) aminase, converting TIMP to thioguanylic acid (TGMP).
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| Pharmacology |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Mercaptopurine is one of a large series of purine analogues which interfere with nucleic acid biosynthesis and has been found active against human leukemias. It is an analogue of the purine bases adenine and hypoxanthine. It is not known exactly which of any one or more of the biochemical effects of mercaptopurine and its metabolites are directly or predominantly responsible for cell death.
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| Metabolism |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Thiopurine S-methyltransferaseXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
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| Protein Binding |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Plasma protein binding averages 19% over the concentration range 10 to 50 µg/mL (a concentration only achieved by intravenous administration of mercaptopurine at doses exceeding 5 to 10 mg/kg).
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| Half-life |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Triphasic: 45 minutes, 2.5 hours, and 10 hours.
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| Absorption |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Clinical studies have shown that the absorption of an oral dose of mercaptopurine in humans is incomplete and variable, averaging approximately 50% of the administered dose. The factors influencing absorption are unknown.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
MercaptopurineÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : 50% (ÀϺΠ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â 5-37 %·Î º¸°íÇÔ)
- ºÐÆ÷ : ³úô¼ö¾×¿¡´Â °ÅÀÇ ºÐÆ÷ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½
- Vd : 0.9 L/kg
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ: 19%
- ¹Ý°¨±â : ³ªÀÌ ÀÇÁ¸Àû
- ´ë»ç : À§Àå°ü, °£¿¡¼ ÃÊȸÅë°ú È¿°ú¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. °£´ë»ç xanthine oxidase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´ë»ç¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, methylation, sulfate conjugationÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
- ¼Ò½Ç : ´¢¹è¼³ (50%)
- ÃÖ°í Ç÷Áß³óµµ µµ´Þ : °æ±¸ : 2½Ã°£
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| Biotransformation |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. Degradation primarily by xanthine oxidase. The catabolism of mercaptopurine and its metabolites is complex. In humans, after oral administration of 35S-6-mercaptopurine, urine contains intact mercaptopurine, thiouric acid (formed by direct oxidation by xanthine oxidase, probably via 6-mercapto-8-hydroxypurine), and a number of 6-methylated thiopurines. The methylthiopurines yield appreciable amounts of inorganic sulfate.
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| Toxicity |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Signs and symptoms of overdosage may be immediate such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; or delayed such as myelosuppression, liver dysfunction, and gastroenteritis. The oral LD50 of mercaptopurine was determined to be 480 mg/kg in the mouse and 425 mg/kg in the rat.
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| Drug Interactions |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Allopurinol Allopurinol increases the effect of thiopurineAnisindione The thiopurine decreases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol The thiopurine decreases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol The thiopurine decreases the anticoagulant effectWarfarin The thiopurine decreases the anticoagulant effectAtracurium The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxantDoxacurium The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxantGallamine Triethiodide The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxantMetocurine The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxantMivacurium The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxantPancuronium The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxantTubocurarine The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxantVecuronium The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxantOlsalazine The 5-ASA derivative increases the toxicity of thiopurineSulfasalazine The 5-ASA derivative increases the toxicity of thiopurineMesalazine The 5-ASA derivative increases the toxicity of thiopurine
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
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| Food Interaction |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Preferably on an empty stomach, drink plenty of liquids, avoid alcohol.
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| SNP Á¤º¸ |
Name:Mercaptopurine (DB01033)
Interacting Gene/Enzyme:Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (Gene symbol = TPMT) Swissprot P51580
SNP(s):TMPT*2 rs1800462 (G Allele)
Effect:Hepatotoxicity
Reference(s):Bosch TM, Meijerman I, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH: Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2006;45(3):253-85. [PubMed]
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| Description |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia. [PubChem]
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| Drug Category |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ AntimetabolitesAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticAntineoplastic AgentsImmunosuppressive AgentsNucleic Acid Synthesis InhibitorsPurine analogues
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ S=C1N=CNC2=C1NC=N2
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ S=C1N=CNC2=C1NC=N2
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| InChI Identifier |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C5H4N4S/c10-5-3-4(7-1-6-3)8-2-9-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10)/f/h6,8H
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Mercaptopurine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 3,7-dihydropurine-6-thione
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
MERCAPTOPURINE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Thiopurine S-methyltransferase Drug:Mercaptopurine Toxicity:Myelotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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