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                    ¾ÏÅ©·Î½Ç¸°Ä°¼¿  [Ampicillin sodium , Cloxacillin Sodium]  
                    
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    | µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ | 
    Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
  Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do  | 
   
  
   
    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Ampicillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Ampicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, cloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that cloxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Ampicillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Ampicillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Ampicillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Ampicillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Ampicillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic in the same class as penicillin. Cloxacillin is for use against staphylococci that produce beta-lactamase. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Metabolism | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 95% 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Half-life | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Absorption | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       Ampicillin sodiumÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
	- »ýü³»ÀÌ¿ë·ü : °æ±¸ : 50%
 - ºÐÆ÷ : ´ãÁ󳻿¡ ºÐÆ÷, ¿°Áõ¼º ³ú¸·¿¡¼¸¸ ³úô¼ö¾×À¸·Î Àß Åõ°úµÈ´Ù (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î MICs ÀÌ»ó).
	
		-    ³úô¼ö¾× ´ë Ç÷¾×ÀÇ ³óµµºñ(%)
		
			-  Á¤»ó ³ú¸· : 0
			
 -  ¿°Áõ¼º ³ú¸· : 5-10
		
  
	   
	 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 15-25%
	
 
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2-7ÀÏ : 4½Ã°£ 
8-14ÀÏ : 2.8½Ã°£ 
15-30ÀÏ : 1.7½Ã°£
		 
		 -  ¼Ò¾Æ ¹× ¼ºÀÎ : 1-1.8 ½Ã°£
		
 -  ¹«´¢Áõ/¸»±â ½ÅÁúȯ : 7-20 ½Ã°£
	
   
	 - Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : °æ±¸ : 1-2 ½Ã°£ À̳»
	
 - ¼Ò½Ç : 24½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ 90%±îÁö ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
   Cloxacillin SodiumÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
- »ýü³»ÀÌ¿ë·ü : °æ±¸ : 50%±îÁö 
 - ºÐÆ÷ : 
	
	-  ÅÂ¹Ý Åë°ú, À¯Áó ºÐºñ
	
 -  ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Ã¼¾×°ú »À¿¡ ³Î¸® ºÐÆ÷µÈ´Ù.
	
 -  ¼¼Æ÷¿Í ¾È±¸³»·Îµµ Åõ°úµÈ´Ù.
	
 -  Á¤»ó ³ú¸·¿¡¼´Â Àß Åõ°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿°ÁõÀÌ »ý±â¸é Åõ°ú·®ÀÌ Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù.
	
  
 - ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 90-98%
 - ´ë»ç : ÁÖ·Î °£¿¡¼ Ȱ¼ºÇü ´ë»çü¿Í ºñȰ¼ºÇü ´ë»çü·Î ´ë»çµÈ´Ù.
 - ¹Ý°¨±â : 0.5-1.5 ½Ã°£ (½ÅÀå¾Ö½Ã³ª ½Å»ý¾Æ¿¡¼´Â ¿¬Àå)
 - Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : °æ±¸ : 0.5-2 ½Ã°£ À̳»
 - ¼Ò½Ç : ½Å¹è¼³ ¹× ´ãÁó¹è¼³
  
     | 
   
  
   
    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Toxicity | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral LD50 in rat and mouse is 5000 mg/kg. Intravenous LD50 in rat is 1660 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include wheezing, tightness in the chest, fever, itching, bad cough, blue skin color, fits, and swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Methotrexate	The penicillin increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexateAnisindione	The IV penicillin increases the anticoagulant effectAtenolol	Ampicillin decreases bioavailability of atenololDemeclocycline	Possible antagonism of actionDicumarol	The IV penicillin increases the anticoagulant effectDoxycycline	Possible antagonism of actionEthinyl Estradiol	This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptiveMethacycline	Possible antagonism of actionMinocycline	Possible antagonism of actionAcenocoumarol	The IV penicillin increases the anticoagulant effectOxytetracycline	Possible antagonism of actionRolitetracycline	Possible antagonism of actionTetracycline	Possible antagonism of actionWarfarin	The IV penicillin increases the anticoagulant effectMestranol	This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Methotrexate	The penicillin increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexateAnisindione	The IV penicillin increases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol	The IV penicillin increases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol	The IV penicillin increases the anticoagulant effectWarfarin	The IV penicillin increases the anticoagulant effectDemeclocycline	Possible antagonism of actionDoxycycline	Possible antagonism of actionEthinyl Estradiol	This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptiveMestranol	This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptiveMethacycline	Possible antagonism of actionMinocycline	Possible antagonism of actionOxytetracycline	Possible antagonism of actionRolitetracycline	Possible antagonism of actionTetracycline	Possible antagonism of action 
     | 
   
  
   
    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take on an empty stomach.
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take on an empty stomach. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
     | 
   
  
   
    | Description | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. [PubChem]
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of oxacillin. [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule	OralLiquid	OralPowder, for solution	IntramuscularPowder, for solution	IntravenousPowder, for solution	OralSuspension	OralTablet	Oral
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule	OralPowder, for solution	IntramuscularPowder, for solution	IntravenousPowder, for solution	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Bacterial AgentsPenicillins
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Bacterial Agents 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1(C)SC2C(NC(=O)C(N)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N2C1C(O)=O
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=C(C(=O)NC2C3SC(C)(C)C(N3C2=O)C(O)=O)C(=NO1)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](N)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(O)=O
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=C(C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)C(=NO1)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C16H19N3O4S/c1-16(2)11(15(22)23)19-13(21)10(14(19)24-16)18-12(20)9(17)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7,9-11,14H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,20)(H,22,23)/t9-,10-,11+,14-/m1/s1/f/h18,22H
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C19H18ClN3O5S/c1-8-11(12(22-28-8)9-6-4-5-7-10(9)20)15(24)21-13-16(25)23-14(18(26)27)19(2,3)29-17(13)23/h4-7,13-14,17H,1-3H3,(H,21,24)(H,26,27)/t13-,14+,17-/m1/s1/f/h21,26H 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Ampicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (2S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
  Cloxacillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (2S,5R,6R)-6-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid 
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