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                    ÆÄ¸¶µ¦»ç¸ÞŸ¼ÕÁÖ(ÆÈ¹Ìƾ»êµ¦»ç¸ÞŸ¼Õ)  DEXAMETHASONE INJ. PHARMA[Dexamethasone palmitate]  
                    
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    Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â 
  Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do  | 
   
  
   
    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic receptors. This results in a modification of transcription and, hence, protein synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of dexamethasone are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Dexamethasone and its derivatives, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone acetate, are synthetic glucocorticoids. Used for its antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties and ability to penetrate the CNS, dexamethasone is used alone to manage cerebral edema and with tobramycin to treat corticosteroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 70% 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 36-54 hours 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ 80-90% 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       Dexamethasone palmitateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
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     | 
   
  
   
    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral, rat LD50: >3 gm/kg. Signs of overdose include retinal toxicity, glaucoma, subcapsular cataract, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, aseptic bone necrosis, osteoporosis, myopathies, obesity, edemas, hypertension, proteinuria, diabetes, sleep disturbances, psychiatric syndromes, delayed wound healing, atrophy and fragility of the skin, ecchymosis, and pseudotumor cerebri. 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Ambenonium	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesAminoglutethimide	Aminogluthetimide decreases the effect of dexamethasoneAmobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidAnisindione	The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectAprepitant	Aprepitant increases the effect and toxicity of dexamethasoneAprobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidAspirin	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesButabarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButalbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButethal	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDicumarol	The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectDihydroquinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidEdrophonium	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesEthotoin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidFosphenytoin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHeptabarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHexobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidImatinib	Decreases levels of imatinibMephenytoin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMethohexital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMethylphenobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMidodrine	Increased arterial pressureNeostigmine	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesPentobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPhenobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPhenytoin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrimidone	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPyridostigmine	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesQuinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidRifampin	The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidSecobarbital	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidSunitinib	Possible decrease in sunitinib levelsTalbutal	The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidWarfarin	The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectBismuth	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesAcenocoumarol	The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectSalicylate-magnesium	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalsalate	The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Avoid alcohol.Take with food to reduce irritation.Avoid taking with grapefruit juice. 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid. [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Elixir	OralLiquid	IntramuscularLiquid	IntravenousLiquid	OralOintment	OphthalmicSolution	IntravenousSolution	OphthalmicSolution / drops	OphthalmicTablet	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Adrenergic AgentsAnti-inflammatory AgentsAntiemeticsAntineoplastic Agents, HormonalGlucocorticoids 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4(C)C3(F)C(O)CC2(C)C1(O)C(=O)CO 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@]1(O)C(=O)CO 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Dexamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16R,17R)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 
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    | Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins | 
    
      DEXAMETHASONE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Brain-cadherin (BR-cadherin) Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:osteoblast differentiation.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:apoptosis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:apoptosis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Heme oxygenase 1 Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:oxidative injury.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alkaline phosphatase Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:osteoblast differentiation.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Interleukin-6  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:apoptosis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Ornithine decarboxylase  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:pathogenesis of peptic ulcers.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:pathogenesis of peptic ulcers.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Interleukin-4  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:dexamethasone-induced differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Gastrin Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:pathogenesis of peptic ulcers.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Interleukin-4  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:dexamethasone-induced differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Cadherin-11  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:osteoblast differentiation.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Haptoglobin  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:hepatic lipidosis(fatty liver).  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Interferon alpha-7  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:apoptosis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:C-jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Mitogen-activated protein kinase Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:Dex-induced apoptosis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Cadherin-4  Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:osteoblast differentiation.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Glucose transporter 4 Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:cushing's syndrome.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:pulmonary inflammation.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Drug:dexamethasone Toxicity:oxidative injury such as endotoxins and heme.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Thrombomodulin  Drug:dexamethasone  Toxicity:deep venous thrombosis (DVT).  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Islet amyloid polypeptide Drug:dexamethasone  Toxicity:marked stimulatory effect.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] 
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  The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. DEXAMETHASONE PALMITATE[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score)  NA(Marginal)  0(Active)  0[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[SGOT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[SGPT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[LDH Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA[GGT Increase](Activity Score)  NA(Number of Rpts)  NA(Index value)  NA
 
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