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    | DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) | 
    º´¿ë±Ý±â :
     
	     [cabotegravir]
	     
	     [cobicistat silicon dioxide (as cobicistat)+elvitegravir+emtricitabine+tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (as tenofovir alafenamide)]
	     
	     [ledipasvir+sofosbuvir]
	     
	     [rilpivirine micronized]
	     
	     [voriconazole]
	     
	  [»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]										
	  ¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â :
      °í½ÃµÈ ¿¬·É±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
      
       [¿¬·É´ë±Ý±â»ó¼¼°Ë»ö]
       
       
        
        
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    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Rifabutin acts via the inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, leading to a suppression of RNA synthesis and cell death. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Rifabutin is an antibiotic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase but does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme. It is bactericidal and has a very broad spectrum of activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because of rapid emergence of resistant bacteria, use is restricted to treatment of mycobacterial infections and a few other indications. Rifabutin is well absorbed when taken orally and is distributed widely in body tissues and fluids, including the CSF. It is metabolized in the liver and eliminated in bile and, to a much lesser extent, in urine, but dose adjustments are unnecessary with renal insufficiency. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 85% 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 45 (¡¾ 17) hours 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Rifabutin is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with an absolute bioavailability averaging 20%. 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       RifabutinÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
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	 -  »ýü³»ÀÌ¿ë·ü : 53%
 
	 -  ºÐÆ÷ : 
 
   	 -  ºÐÆ÷¿ëÀû : 9.32 L/kg. 
 
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	 -  ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 85%
 
	 -  ´ë»ç : Ȱ¼º ¹× ºñȰ¼º ´ë»çü·Î ´ë»ç
 
	 -  ¹Ý°¨±â : 45½Ã°£ (16-69½Ã°£)
 
	 -  Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : 2-4½Ã°£ À̳»
 
	 -  ¼Ò½Ç : 10%´Â ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ°Å³ª ´äÁó¹è¼³, 30%´Â º¯¹è¼³, 53%´Â ´ë»çü·Î ½Å¹è¼³
 
  
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. Of the five metabolites that have been identified, 25-O-desacetyl and 31-hydroxy are the most predominant. The former metabolite has an activity equal to the parent drug and contributes up to 10% to the total antimicrobial activity. 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50 = 4.8 g/kg (mouse, male) 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Amitriptyline	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsAmoxapine	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsClomipramine	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsDesipramine	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsDoxepin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsDoxycycline	The rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycyclineImipramine	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsIndinavir	Rifabutin decreases the effect of indinavirNortriptyline	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsPosaconazole	Modification of drug levels for both agentsProtriptyline	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsTrimipramine	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclicsWarfarin	The rifamycin decreases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol	The rifamycin decreases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol	The rifamycin decreases the anticoagulant effectAnisindione	The rifamycin decreases the anticoagulant effectToremifene	The rifamycin decreases the effect of anti-estrogenTamoxifen	The rifamycin decreases the effect of anti-estrogenTacrolimus	The rifamycin decreases the effect of tacrolimusSunitinib	Possible decrease in sunitinib levelsSirolimus	The rifamycin decreases the effect of sirolimusMethadone	The rifamycin decreases the effect of methadoneHaloperidol	The rifamycin decreases the effect of haloperidolCyclosporine	The rifamycin decreases the effect of cyclosporineErythromycin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the macrolideClarithromycin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the macrolideJosamycin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the macrolideErlotinib	Decreased levels/effect of erlotinibAtorvastatin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the statin drugDapsone	Decreased levels of dapsoneFluconazole	Fluconazole increases levels/toxicity of rifabutinFluvastatin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the statin drugLovastatin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the statin drugPropafenone	Rifampin decreases the effect of propafenoneSimvastatin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the statin drugZidovudine	The rifamycin decreases levels of zidovudineVoriconazole	Rifabutin decreases the effect of voriconazoleSaquinavir	Rifabutin decreases the effect of saquinavirRitonavir	Rifabutin decreases the effect of ritonavirItraconazole	Rifabutin decreases the effect of itraconazoleDelavirdine	Rifabutin decreases the effect of delavirdineAtovaquone	Rifabutin decreases the effect of atovaquoneBuspirone	Rifabutin decreases the effect of buspironeCerivastatin	The rifamycin decreases the effect of the statin drugClozapine	Rifabutin decreases the effect of clozapineBupropion	Rifampin reduces bupropion levelsAmprenavir	Amprenavir increases the effect and toxicity of rifabutinFosamprenavir	Amprenavir increases the effect and toxicity of rifabutinAtazanavir	Atazanavir increases levels/toxicity of rifabutinEthinyl Estradiol	This product may cause a slight decrease of the contraceptive effectMestranol	This product may cause a slight decrease of the contraceptive effectNorethindrone	This product may cause a slight decrease of the contraceptive effect 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
  SUBSTRATES 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
Macrolide antibiotics: 
clarithromycin 
erythromycin 
NOT azithromycin 
telithromycin 
Anti-arrhythmics: 
quinidine 
Benzodiazepines: 
alprazolam 
diazepam 
midazolam 
triazolam 
Immune Modulators: 
cyclosporine 
tacrolimus (FK506) 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
ritonavir 
saquinavir 
Prokinetic: 
cisapride 
Antihistamines: 
astemizole 
chlorpheniramine 
Calcium Channel Blockers: 
amlodipine 
diltiazem 
felodipine 
nifedipine 
nisoldipine 
nitrendipine 
verapamil 
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors: 
atorvastatin 
cerivastatin 
lovastatin 
NOT pravastatin 
simvastatin 
aripiprazole 
buspirone 
gleevec 
haloperidol (in part) 
methadone 
pimozide 
quinine 
NOT rosuvastatin 
sildenafil 
tamoxifen 
trazodone 
vincristine 
 INHIBITORS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
HIV Protease Inhibitors: 
indinavir 
nelfinavir 
ritonavir 
amiodarone 
NOT azithromycin 
cimetidine 
clarithromycin 
diltiazem 
erythromycin 
fluvoxamine 
grapefruit juice 
itraconazole 
ketoconazole 
mibefradil 
nefazodone 
troleandomycin 
verapamil 
 INDUCERS 
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7 
carbamazepine 
phenobarbital 
phenytoin 
**rifabutin** 
rifampin 
St. John's wort 
troglitazone 
 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take with food to reduce irritation.High-fat meals slow the rate of absorption. 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients. [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotics, Antitubercular 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ COC1C=COC2(C)OC3=C(C2=O)C2=C(C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C)=CC=CC(C)C(O)C(C)C(O)C(C)C(OC(C)=O)C1C)=C1NC4(CCN(CC4)CC(C)C)N=C21)C(O)=C3C 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CO[C@@H]1\C=C/O[C@@]2(C)OC3=C(C2=O)C2=C(C(=O)C(NC(=O)\C(C)=C/C=C\[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H]1C)=C1N[C@]4(CCN(CC4)CC(C)C)N=C21)C(O)=C3C 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C46H62N4O11/c1-22(2)21-50-18-16-46(17-19-50)48-34-31-32-39(54)28(8)42-33(31)43(56)45(10,61-42)59-20-15-30(58-11)25(5)41(60-29(9)51)27(7)38(53)26(6)37(52)23(3)13-12-14-24(4)44(57)47-36(40(32)55)35(34)49-46/h12-15,20,22-23,25-27,30,37-38,41,49,52-54H,16-19,21H2,1-11H3,(H,47,57)/b13-12-,20-15-,24-14-/t23-,25-,26+,27+,30-,37-,38+,41-,45+/m1/s1/f/h47H 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Rifabutin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (9S,12E,14S,15R,16S,17R,18R,19R,20S,21S,22E,24Z)-6,16,18,20-Tetrahydroxy-1'-isobutyl-14-methoxy-7,9,15,17,19,21,25-hepta-methyl-spiro[9,4-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienimino)-2H-furo-[2',3':7,8]-naphth[1,2-d]imidazol-2,4'-piperidin]-5,10,26-(3H,9H)-trione 16-acetate 
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                            ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¦Á¶¡¤¼öÀÔ»ç, ÆÇ¸Å»ç, ÀÇ»ç, ¾à»ç¿¡°Ô ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
                          ÀüÈ: 02-3486-1061 ¤Ó À̸ÞÀÏ: webmaster@druginfo.co.kr
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  The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. RIFABUTIN[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score)  A(Marginal)  0(Active)  4[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score)  A(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  15.9[SGOT Increase](Activity Score)  A(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  31.8[SGPT Increase](Activity Score)  A(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  31.8[LDH Increase](Activity Score)  I(Number of Rpts)  <4(Index value)  5.3[GGT Increase](Activity Score)  A(Number of Rpts)  ¡Ã4(Index value)  18.5
 
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