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Mechanism of Action
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Like other H1-blockers, Fexofenadine competes with free histamine for binding at H1-receptors in the GI tract, large blood vessels, and bronchial smooth muscle. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine. Fexofenadine exhibits no anticholinergic, alpha1-adrenergic or beta-adrenergic-receptor blocking effects.
Pharmacology
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Fexofenadine is a second-generation, long lasting H1-receptor antagonist (antihistamine) which has a selective and peripheral H1-antagonist action. Histamine is a chemical that causes many of the signs that are part of allergic reactions, for example, swelling of tissues. Histamine is released from histamine-storing cells (mast cells) and attaches to other cells that have receptors for histamine. The attachment of the histamine to the receptors causes the cell to be "activated," releasing other chemicals which produce the effects that we associate with allergy. Fexofenadine blocks one type of receptor for histamine (the H1 receptor) and thus prevents activation of cells by histamine. Unlike most other antihistamines, Fexofenadine does not enter the brain from the blood and, therefore, does not cause drowsiness. Fexofenadine lacks the cardiotoxic potential, since it does not block the potassium channel involved in repolarization of cardiac cells.
Metabolism
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Protein Binding
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 60%-70%
Half-life
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 14.4 hours
Absorption
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ 33%
Pharmacokinetics
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Biotransformation
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Approximately 5% of the total dose is metabolized, by cytochrome P450 3A4 and by intestinal microflora.
Toxicity
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth.
Drug Interactions
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Cisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
CYP450 Drug Interaction
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
Food Interaction
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take without regard to meals.Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided throughout treatment as grapefruit can significantly decrease serum levels of this product.
Drug Target
[Drug Target]
Description
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Fexofenadine hydrochloride (Allegra) is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms. It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine. Fexofenadine, like other second and third-generation antihistamines, does not readily pass through the blood-brain barrier, and so causes less drowsiness than first-generation histamine-receptor antagonists.
Dosage Form
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Tablet Oral
Drug Category
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Allergic AgentsAntihistaminesHistamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating
Smiles String Canonical
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(C)(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(O)CCCN1CCC(CC1)C(O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Smiles String Isomeric
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(C)(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H](O)CCCN1CCC(CC1)C(O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C32H39NO4/c1-31(2,30(35)36)25-17-15-24(16-18-25)29(34)14-9-21-33-22-19-28(20-23-33)32(37,26-10-5-3-6-11-26)27-12-7-4-8-13-27/h3-8,10-13,15-18,28-29,34,37H,9,14,19-23H2,1-2H3,(H,35,36)/f/h35H
Chemical IUPAC Name
Fexofenadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-[4-[1-hydroxy-4-[4-[hydroxy-di(phenyl)methyl]piperidin-1-yl]butyl]phenyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid
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The database contains the following fields:
The generic name of each chemical
For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module):
Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method)
Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M)
Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A)
For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively):
Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method)
Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4
Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU)
Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period.
FEXOFENADINE [GGT Increase] [Composite Activity] (Score) I (Marginal) 0 (Active) 0 [Alkaline Phosphatase Increase] (Activity Score) I (Number of Rpts) <4 (Index value) 0 [SGOT Increase] (Activity Score) I (Number of Rpts) <4 (Index value) 0 [SGPT Increase] (Activity Score) I (Number of Rpts) <4 (Index value) 0 [LDH Increase] (Activity Score) I (Number of Rpts) <4 (Index value) 0 [GGT Increase] (Activity Score) I (Number of Rpts) <4 (Index value) 0
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