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¸®¹öź¿¬Áúݼ¿ LIVERTAN SOFT CAP.[Aminoacetic Acid(Glycine) , Ascorbic Acid , Calcium pantothenate , Cyanocobalamin , Deoxycholic acid , Ferrou
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| Æ÷À塤À¯Åë´ÜÀ§ |
10C,120C,240C |
| È¿´ÉÈ¿°ú |
[ÀûÀÀÁõ º° °Ë»ö]
´ÙÀ½ °æ¿ìÀÇ º¸Á¶¿ä¹ý : ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ý, ¾à¹°µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ °£ÀåÁúȯ, ÀÓÆ÷ÅÙ½º
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[󹿾à¾î]
1ÀÏ 2-3ȸ,1ȸ 1ݼ¿À» º¹¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
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- ¼Òȼº ±Ë¾ç,¸¸¼º±Ë¾ç¼º´ëÀå¿°,±¹ÇѼº´ëÀå¿° µîÀÇ À§ÀåÁúȯÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ.
- 1¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ À¯¾Æ
- ÀÇ»çÀÇ Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷.
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| Off-label Usage |
[Á¶È¸]
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| Related FDA Approved Drug |
±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: CYANOCOBALAMINBEROCCA PN (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN E)
BERUBIGEN (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
BETALIN 12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
CALOMIST (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
CERNEVIT-12 (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PANTOTHENIC ACID; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A)
COBAVITE (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
CYANOCOBALAMIN (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
CYANOCOBALAMIN CO 57 SCHILLING TEST KIT (CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-57; INTRINSIC FACTOR)
DEPINAR (CYANOCOBALAMIN; TANNIC ACID; ZINC ACETATE)
DICOPAC KIT (CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-57; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-58)
INFUVITE ADULT (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN K)
INFUVITE PEDIATRIC (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN K)
INFUVITE PEDIATRIC (PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN K)
M.V.C. 9+3 (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I. ADULT (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E; VITAMIN K)
M.V.I. ADULT (PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E; VITAMIN K)
M.V.I. PEDIATRIC (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PHYTONADIONE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 (WITHOUT VITAMIN K) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 LYOPHILIZED (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
MVC PLUS (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
NASCOBAL (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
REDISOL (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
RUBIVITE (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
RUBRAMIN PC (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
RUBRATOPE-57 (CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-57)
RUBRATOPE-57 KIT (COBALT CHLORIDE, CO-57; CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-57; INTRINSIC FACTOR)
RUBRATOPE-60 (CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-60)
RUBRATOPE-60 KIT (COBALT CHLORIDE, CO-60; CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-60; INTRINSIC FACTOR)
RUVITE (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
VIBISONE (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
VITAPED (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PANTOTHENIC ACID; PHYTONADIONE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN E)
VI-TWEL (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: ASCORBIC ACIDMOVIPREP (ASCORBIC ACID; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM ASCORBATE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM SULFATE)
±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: AMINOACETIC ACID(GLYCINE)
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| BIT ¾àÈ¿ºÐ·ù |
ÀÚ¾ç°ÀåÁ¦(Tonics)
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À¯·áÁ¤º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
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ÀüüÀӽŠ±â°£º°·Î ¿©·¯µî±ÞÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ º¸¿©Áý´Ï´Ù. ´Ü, º¹ÇÕÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ðµç º¹ÇÕÁ¦¼ººÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©µî±ÞÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÀº Àý´ë ¾Æ´Ï¸ç Ç¥½ÃµÈ°ÍÁß¿¡ °¡Àå À§Çèµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Á¤º¸¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù.
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(acetic acid;glutamine; )
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»ó±â ÀÓºÎÅõ¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Àü»êó¸® µÇ¸é¼ ÀÔ·Â ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿À·ù °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀ» ±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±× Á¤È®¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© È®½ÅÀ» µå¸± ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ȸ»ç´Â Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
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¹Ýµå½Ã °ø½Å·Â ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÇåÀ» ´Ù½Ã Çѹø Âü°í ÇϽñ⠹ٶó¸ç ÀÇ»ç ¶Ç´Â ¾à»çÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ µû¶ó Åõ¿©¿©ºÎ°¡ °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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| DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) |
º´¿ë±Ý±â :
°í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
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Acetic acid¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ascorbic Acid¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Glutamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do |
| Mechanism of Action |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Vitamin B12 is used in the body in two forms: Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin. The enzyme methionine synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Methionine in turn is required for DNA methylation. 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substances that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Glutathione (GSH) participates in leukotriene synthesis and is a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. It is also important as a hydrophilic molecule that is added to lipophilic toxins and waste in the liver during biotransformation before they can become part of the bile. Glutathione is also needed for the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxin produced as a by-product of metabolism. This detoxification reaction is carried out by the glyoxalase system. Glyoxalase I catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione to S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione. Glyoxalase II catalyzes the conversion of S-D-Lactoyl Glutathione to Reduced Glutathione and D-lactate. GSH is known as a cofactor in both conjugation reactions and reduction reactions, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase enzymes in cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. However, it is capable of participating in non-enzymatic conjugation with some chemicals, as it is hypothesized to do to a significant extent with n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), the reactive cytochrome P450 reactive metabolite formed by toxic overdose of acetaminophen. Glutathione in this capacity binds to NAPQI as a suicide substrate and in the process detoxifies it, taking the place of cellular protein sulfhydryl groups which would otherwise be toxically adducted. The preferred medical treatment to an overdose of this nature, whose efficacy has been consistently supported in literature, is the administration (usually in atomized form) of N-acetylcysteine, which is used by cells to replace spent GSSG and allow a usable GSH pool.
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Many of supplemental L-arginine's activities, including its possible anti-atherogenic actions, may be accounted for by its role as the precursor to nitric oxide or NO. NO is produced by all tissues of the body and plays very important roles in the cardiovascular system, immune system and nervous system. NO is formed from L-arginine via the enzyme nitric oxide synthase or synthetase (NOS), and the effects of NO are mainly mediated by 3,'5' -cyclic guanylate or cyclic GMP. NO activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase, which catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic GMP from guanosine triphosphate or GTP. Cyclic GMP is converted to guanylic acid via the enzyme cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. NOS is a heme-containing enzyme with some sequences similar to cytochrome P-450 reductase. Several isoforms of NOS exist, two of which are constitutive and one of which is inducible by immunological stimuli. The constitutive NOS found in the vascular endothelium is designated eNOS and that present in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system is designated nNOS. The form of NOS induced by immunological or inflammatory stimuli is known as iNOS. iNOS may be expressed constitutively in select tissues such as lung epithelium. All the nitric oxide synthases use NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and oxygen (O2) as cosubstrates, as well as the cofactors FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FMN (flavin mononucleotide), tetrahydrobiopterin and heme. Interestingly, ascorbic acid appears to enhance NOS activity by increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin. eNOS and nNOS synthesize NO in response to an increased concentration of calcium ions or in some cases in response to calcium-independent stimuli, such as shear stress. In vitro studies of NOS indicate that the Km of the enzyme for L-arginine is in the micromolar range. The concentration of L-arginine in endothelial cells, as well as in other cells, and in plasma is in the millimolar range. What this means is that, under physiological conditions, NOS is saturated with its L-arginine substrate. In other words, L-arginine would not be expected to be rate-limiting for the enzyme, and it would not appear that supraphysiological levels of L-arginine which could occur with oral supplementation of the amino acid^would make any difference with regard to NO production. The reaction would appear to have reached its maximum level. However, in vivo studies have demonstrated that, under certain conditions, e.g. hypercholesterolemia, supplemental L-arginine could enhance endothelial-dependent vasodilation and NO production.
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| Pharmacology |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is a water-soluble organometallic compound with a trivalent cobalt ion bound inside a corrin ring. It is needed for nerve cells and red blood cells, and to make DNA. Vitamin B12 deficiency is the cause of several forms of anemia.
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Not Available
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Studies have shown that is has improved immune responses to bacteria, viruses and tumor cells; promotes wound healing and regeneration of the liver; causes the release of growth hormones; considered crucial for optimal muscle growth and tissue repair.
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| Protein Binding |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Very high (to specific plasma proteins called transcobalamins); binding of hydroxocobalamin is slightly higher than cyanocobalamin.
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| Half-life |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver).
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| Absorption |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum.
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Research suggests that glutathione is not orally bioactive, and that very little of oral glutathione tablets or capsules is actually absorbed by the body.
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes. Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Pyridoxine HClÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
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- ¼Ò½Ç : ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ìº¯Èü ¹× ´ë»çü·Î¼ ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù. (»ý¸®Àû ¿ë·®¿¡¼´Â ¼Ò·®¸¸ÀÌ ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ³ª °í¿ë·® Åõ¿©½Ã ÁÖ·Î ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.)
Ferrous FumarateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Ç÷¾×ÇÐÀû ¹ÝÀÀ ¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : °æ±¸Á¦Á¦³ª ÁÖ»çÁ¦Á¦°¡ ¸ðµÎ ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °°ÀÌ 3-10ÀÏ ³»¿¡ ÀûÇ÷±¸ ÇüÅÂ¿Í »öÀÌ º¯ÈÇÑ´Ù.
- ÃÖ´ë ÀûÇ÷±¸ Áõ°¡ : 5-10ÀÏ ³»·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç Çì¸ð±Û·Îºó Ä¡´Â 2-4ÁÖ ³»¿¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
- Èí¼ö
- ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå°ú »óºÎ °øÀå¿¡¼ Èí¼öµÇ¸ç Á¤»óÀο¡¼ °æ±¸ º¹¿ë·®ÀÇ 10%°¡ Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ö °áÇÌ È¯ÀÚ´Â Èí¼öÀ²ÀÌ 20-30%·Î Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù.
- ½Ä»ç³ª ¹«»êÁõÀº öÀÇ Èí¼ö¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù.
- ¼Ò½Ç : Ç÷Áß transferrin¿¡ °áÇÕµÇ¾î ¼Òº¯, ¶¡, À§Àå°ü Á¡¸·, ¿ù°æÀ¸·Î ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
GlutamineÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ºÐÆ÷ : ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ °ñ°Ý±Ù¿¡¼ ÇÕ¼ºµÇ°í ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
Ascorbic AcidÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö :
- ¼ÒÀå¿¡¼ °ÅÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- Èí¼ö´Â ´Éµ¿¼ö¼ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÌ¶ó ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. (°í¿ë·®¿¡¼ Èí¼ö Æ÷È)
- ºÐÆ÷ : ³Î¸® ºÐÆ÷
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : ¾à 25%
- ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ »êÈ ¹× Ȳ»ê Æ÷ÇÕ µîÀ¸·Î ´ë»çµÈ´Ù.
- ¹Ý°¨±â : 16ÀÏ
- Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : Á¤»ó ¼ºÀÎ : 2-3 ½Ã°£
- ¼Ò½Ç :
- ÁÖ ¹è¼³ °æ·Î´Â ½ÅÀå ¹× ´ãÁóÀÌ´Ù.
- ½Å¹è¼³Àº ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ¸·Î, Åõ¿©·®ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¸é ½Å¹è¼³·® ¹× ¼Óµµ°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
Calcium pantothenateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ¼Ò½Ç : ¾à 70%´Â ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ¼Òº¯À» ÅëÇØ, ¾à 30%´Â ´ëº¯À» ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
CyanocobalaminÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö :
- °æ±¸ Åõ¿©½Ã ¼ÒÀå ¿øÀ§ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ´Éµ¿ Èí¼ö¿¡´Â IF¿ÍÀÇ º¹ÇÕü Çü¼ºÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ̸ç, Àå°üº®À» ÅëÇØ ¼öµ¿ Èí¼öµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
- À§, ȸÀå¿¡ ±¸Á¶Àû ¼Õ»óÀ̳ª ±â´ÉÀû ¼Õ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì Èí¼ö°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.
- ºÐÆ÷ :
- À§¿¡¼ À§Á¡¸·¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐºñµÇ´Â ´ç´Ü¹éÀÎ IF (intrinsic factor)¿¡ °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
- Àå°ü Á¡¸·¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡¼ vitamin B12-IF º¹ÇÕü·ÎºÎÅÍ vitamin B12°¡ À¯¸®µÈ ÈÄ, Ç÷¾× ³»¿¡¼ ÁַΠƯÀÌÀûÀÎ ¥â-globulin ¼ö¼Û´Ü¹éÁúÀÎ transcobalamin II¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
- °£, °ñ¼ö ¹× ŹÝÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ±âŸ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ºÐÆ÷Çϸç, ÁÖ·Î °£ (50-90%)¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : ÁÖ·Î transcobalamin II¿Í °áÇÕÇϸç, ¼Ò·®Àº transcobalamin I (¥á-glycoproteinÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾) ¹× transcobalamin III (inter-¥á-glycoproteinÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾)°ú °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
- ´ë»ç : Àå°£¼øÈ¯
- ¼Ò½Ç :
- Vitamin B12¸¦ Åõ¿©¹Þ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¤»óÀÎ : ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÌ ´ãÁó ¹è¼³ ÈÄ Àå°£¼øÈ¯ÇÑ´Ù.
- ÀÏÀÏ turnover rate : ü³» ÃÑÀúÀå·®ÀÇ 0.05-0.2% (¹üÀ§ : 0.4-8 ¥ìg)
- ÀÏÀÏ ½Å¹è¼³·®Àº ´ë°³ 0.25 ¥ìg ÀÌÇÏ
- Vitamin B12¸¦ Åõ¿©¹Þ´Â °æ¿ì : 0.1-1 mg ±ÙÀ°ÁÖ»ç ¶Ç´Â Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç ÈÄ 48½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ 50-90%°¡ ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
L-methionineÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ´ë»ç : S-adenosylmethionineÀ» °ÅÃÄ homocysteineÀ¸·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù. ±× ÈÄ 80%°¡ cystathione, cysteine, taurine, inorganic sulphate·Î Á¡Â÷·Î ´ë»çµÈ´Ù.
Tocopherol AcetateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ :
- ¼ÒÀåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èí¼öµÇ´Â µ¥¿¡´Â ´ãÁóÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
- Èí¼ö ÀúÇÏ : Èí¼öÀå¾Ö ȯÀÚ, ÀúüÁß ¹Ì¼÷¾Æ, °í¿ë·® Åõ¿©
- À¯ÈÁ¦Á¦º¸´Ù ¼ö¿ë¼º Á¦Á¦°¡ ´õ Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ºÐÆ÷ : ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷¿¡ ºÐÆ÷Çϸç, ƯÈ÷ Áö¹æÁ¶Á÷¿¡ °í³óµµ·Î ºÐÆ÷Çϰí ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
- ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ glucuronides Æ÷ÇÕ
- ¼Ò½Ç : ÁÖ·Î ´ãÁóÀ» ÅëÇØ (70-80%) ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
L-arginineÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ÃÖ°í Ç÷Áß³óµµ µµ´Þ : °æ±¸ : 2½Ã°£
- ÃÖ´ë È¿°ú ¹ßÇö :
- ´ç´¢ Áø´Ü : Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç : 20-45 ºÐ
Ç÷´çÀÇ ÃÖ°í »ó½ÂÀº 20ºÐ ÈÄ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, Àν¶¸°ÀÇ ÃÖ´ë »ó½ÂÀº 20-30 ºÐ ÈÄ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç glucagonÀº 30-45 ºÐ ÈÄ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
- ¼ºÀåÈ£¸£¸ó º¸À¯ Áø´Ü : Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç : 1-2 ½Ã°£
Arginine 30 gÀ» 30ºÐ°£ Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç ÈÄ ¼ºÀåÈ£¸£¸óÀÇ ÃÖ´ë »ó½ÂÀÌ ¾à 1-2 ½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
- ÀÛ¿ë Áö¼Ó ½Ã°£ : Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç : 1½Ã°£
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°ü¿¡¼ Àß Èí¼öµÊ
- ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ arginase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ guanidino groupÀÌ °¡¼öºÐÇØµÇ¾î urea¿Í ornithineÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
OrnithineÀº ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î glucose »ý¼º¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù.
- ¼Ò½Ç : ½ÅÀå : »ç±¸Ã¼·Î ¿©°úµÇ°í ½Å¼¼´¢°üÀ¸·Î ÀçÈí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ¹Ý°¨±â : 1.2-2 ½Ã°£
Thiamine nitrateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö :
- °æ±¸ : ÃÖ´ëÈí¼ö·® : 8-15 mg/day
- ±ÙÀ°ÁÖ»ç : ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°í ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ºÐÆ÷ : Ãּҿ䱸·® (¾à 1 mg/day)À» Ãʰú ¼·Ãë½Ã Á¶Á÷ ÀúÀå¿¡ Æ÷Ȱ¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
- ¼Ò½Ç : °úÀ× ¼·ÃëµÈ ¾çÀº ´¢¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
Thioctic Acid(¥á-lipoic acid)ÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- »ýü³»ÀÌ¿ë·ü : °æ±¸ : 87% (´ç´¢º´¼º À§Àå°ü°è ´Ù¹ß¼º ½Å°æÁõ ȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì 5-37%)
- ´ë»ç : °£´ë»ç, ÃÊȸÅë°ú ´ë»ç¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
- ¹Ý°¨±â : 10-20ºÐ
- Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : °æ±¸, Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç : 2-4 ½Ã°£
- ¼Ò½Ç : ½Å¹è¼³
|
| Biotransformation |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Some metabolism of L-arginine takes place in the enterocytes. L-arginine not metabolized in the enterocytes enters the portal circulation from whence it is transported to the liver, where again some portion of the amino acid is metabolized.
|
| Toxicity |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD50 > 8000 mg/kg
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ ORL-MUS LD50 5000 mg/kg, IPR-MUS LD50 4020 mg/kg, SCU-MUS LD50 5000 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD50 > 2000 mg/kg, IMS-MUS LD50 4000 mg/kg
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral supplementation with L-arginine at doses up to 15 grams daily are generally well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions of higher doses from 15 to 30 grams daily are nausea, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Some may experience these symptoms at lower doses.
|
| Drug Interactions |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
|
CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
|
| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
|
| Description |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast.
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products. [HMDB]
Fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Not Available
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. [PubChem]
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [PubChem]
|
| Dosage Form |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule OralLiquid DentalLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPaste DentalPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntramuscularSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, chewable Oral
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule OralLiquid IntramuscularLiquid OralPowder OralSolution IntramuscularTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral
Fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Solution Respiratory (inhalation)
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Not Available
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Liquid Intravenous
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| Drug Category |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antianemic AgentsEssential VitaminVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Not Available
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Dietary supplementMicronutrient
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Conditionally Essential Amino AcidsDietary supplementMicronutrient
|
| Smiles String Canonical |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ Not Available
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ [Co+3].[C-]
Fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ [O-]C(=O)C=CC([O-])=O
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ NC(CCC(=O)NC(CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C(O)=O
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ Not Available
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ [Co+3].[C-]
Fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C(O)=O
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ N[C@@H](CCC\N=C(\N)N)C(O)=O
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| InChI Identifier |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C62H90N13O14P.CN.Co/c1-29-20-39-40(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-39)57-52(84)53(41(27-76)87-57)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)18-19-59(8)37(22-46(66)80)56-62(11)61(10,25-48(68)82)36(14-17-45(65)79)51(74-62)33(5)55-60(9,24-47(67)81)34(12-15-43(63)77)38(71-55)23-42-58(6,7)35(13-16-44(64)78)50(72-42)32(4)54(59)73-56;1-2;/h20-21,23,28,31,34-37,41,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,22,24-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;/q;-1;+3/p-1/t31?,34-,35-,36-,37+,41+,52?,53?,56?,57+,59-,60+,61+,62+;;/m1../s1/fC62H89N13O14P.CN.Co/h69,85H,63-68H2;;/q-1;2m/b42-23-,54-32-,55-33-;;
Fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/p-2/b2-1+/fC4H2O4/q-2
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C10H17N3O6S/c11-5(10(18)19)1-2-7(14)13-6(4-20)9(17)12-3-8(15)16/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,17)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,18,19)/t5-,6-/m0/s1/f/h12-13,15,18H
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C6H14N4O2/c7-4(5(11)12)2-1-3-10-6(8)9/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,11,12)(H4,8,9,10)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h11H,8-9H2
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Calcium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
Fumarate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ but-2-enedioic acid
Glutathione¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
L-arginine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
GLUTAMINE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein, isoform 1L Drug:glutamine Toxicity:apoptosis. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase Drug:glutamine Toxicity:arrest cellular proliferation . [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Epidermal growth factor receptor Drug:glutamine Toxicity:arrest cellular proliferation . [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase Drug:glutamine Toxicity:apoptosis. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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Á¤º¸ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÆíÁý»óÀÇ ¿À·ù, Çã°¡»çÇ× º¯°æ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Çмú¿¬±¸ ¶Ç´Â Àӻ󿬱¸ ¹ßÇ¥ µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ µå·°ÀÎÆ÷´Â
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