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2) ÀÌ ¾à ¶Ç´Â ÀÌ ¾à ¼ººÐ¿¡ °ú¹ÎÁõ ¹× ±× º´·ÂÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ
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4) ±Ë¾ç(º£Ã¼Æ®º´ Á¦¿Ü), Á¦2µµ ½ÉÀ缺 ÀÌ»óÀÇ È»ó¤ýµ¿»ó ȯÀÚ(ÇǺÎÀç»ýÀÌ ¾ïÁ¦µÇ¾î Ä¡À¯°¡ Áö¿¬µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)
5) ÀÔÁÖÀ§ÇǺο°, º¸Åë¿©µå¸§, ÁÖ»ç(rosacea) ȯÀÚ
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3) ÀÌ ¾àÀº ÇǷξÆÈ²»ê³ªÆ®·ýÀÌ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î ¾Æ³ªÇʶô½Ã¿Í °°Àº ¾Ë·¹¸£±â¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀϺΠ°¨¼ö¼º ȯÀÚ¿¡¼´Â »ý¸íÀ» À§ÇùÇÒ Á¤µµ ¶Ç´Â À̺¸´Ù ¾àÇÑ Ãµ½Ä¹ßÀÛÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÏ¹Ý »ç¶÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ¾ÆÈ²»ê°¨¼ö¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃѰýÀûÀÎ ºóµµ´Â ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª ³·Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ¸ç ¾ÆÈ²»ê°¨¼ö¼ºÀº ºñõ½ÄȯÀÚº¸´Ù õ½ÄȯÀÚ¿¡¼ ºó¹øÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.(ÇÔÀ¯Á¦Á¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ)
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1) ÇǺÎ
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2) ³»ºÐºñ°è : ´ë·® ¶Ç´Â Àå±â°£¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ »ç¿ë, ¹ÐºÀºØ´ë¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÄÚ¸£Æ¼ÄÚÀ̵å Àü½ÅÅõ¿©¿Í °°Àº ³úÇϼöü¤ýºÎ½Å(ÄáÆÏÀ§»ù)ÇÇÁú°è ±â´ÉÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
3) ´« : ¾È°Ë(´«²¨Ç®) ÇǺο¡ »ç¿ë½Ã ¾È(´«)¾Ð »ó½Â, ³ì³»ÀåÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ´ë·® ¶Ç´Â Àå±â°£¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ »ç¿ë, ƯÈ÷ ¹ÐºÀºØ´ë¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì Èij¶ÇϹ鳻Àå, ³ì³»Àå µîÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºóµµºÒ¸íÀÇ ½Ã¾ßÈ帲ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
4) ±Õ±³´ëÇö»ó : ±¹¼ÒÀû¿ë Ç×»ý¹°ÁúÁ¦Á¦¸¦ Àå±â°£ »ç¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¶§¶§·Î Áø±ÕÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ºñ°¨¼ö¼º±ÕÀÇ ±Õ±³´ë°¨¿°(superinfection)À» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â »ç¿ëÀ» ÁßÁöÇϰí ÀûÀýÇÑ Ã³Ä¡¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
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Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Betamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Betamethasone binds to plasma transcortin, and it becomes active when it is not bound to transcortin.
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Aminoglycosides like gentamicin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically gentamicin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.
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| Pharmacology |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Betamethasone and its derivatives, betamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone acetate, are synthetic glucocorticoids. Used for its antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties, betamethasone is combined with a mineralocorticoid to manage adrenal insufficiency and is used in the form of betamethasone benzoate, betamethasone dipropionate, or betamethasone valerate for the treatment of inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Betamethasone and clotrimazole are used together to treat cutaneous tinea infections.
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Gentamicin is a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Aminoglycosides are useful primarily in infections involving aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter. In addition, some mycobacteria, including the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, are susceptible to aminoglycosides. Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria can also be treated with aminoglycosides, but other types of antibiotics are more potent and less damaging to the host. In the past the aminoglycosides have been used in conjunction with penicillin-related antibiotics in streptococcal infections for their synergistic effects, particularly in endocarditis. Aminoglycosides are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses.
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| Metabolism |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
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Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 64%
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Low (between 0 and 30%)
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Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 5.6 hours
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 3-3¨ö hours in infants one week to six months of age; this increases to 5¨ö hours in full-term and large premature infants less than one week old.
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Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Minimal if applied topically.
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Injections lead to peak serum concentrations in 30-60 minutes. Topical gentamicin is readily absorbed from large burned, denuded, or granulating areas but not through intact skin. Absorption of gentamicin is faster and greater with the cream compared to the ointment. Gentamicin is absorbed in small quantities following topical application to the eye. Gentamicin is also absorbed in small amounts following topical application to the ear (especially if the eardrum is perforated or if tissue damage is present).
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Gentamicin SulfateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
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- ³úô¼ö¾× ´ë Ç÷¾×ÀÇ ³óµµºñ (%)
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- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 30% ÀÌÇÏ
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Betamethasone valerateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
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| Biotransformation |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic
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| Toxicity |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Symptoms of overdose include burning, itching, irritation, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the skin, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae, and miliaria.
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Mouse, intravenous LD50: 52 mg/kg; rat, intravenous LD50: 96 mg/kg.
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| Drug Interactions |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Ambenonium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesEdrophonium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesPyridostigmine The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterasesAnisindione The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectDicumarol The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectWarfarin The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effectAspirin The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesBismuth Subsalicylate The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesAmobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid Aprobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButalbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidButethal The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDihydroquinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHeptabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHexobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMethohexital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMethylphenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPentobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPhenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrimidone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidQuinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidSecobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidTalbutal The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroidEthotoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidFosphenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMephenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPhenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidRifampin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMidodrine Increased arterial pressureSalicylate-magnesium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalicylate-sodium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesSalsalate The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylatesTrisalicylate-choline The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Atracurium The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantDoxacurium The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantGallamine Triethiodide The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantMetocurine The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantMivacurium The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantPancuronium The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantPipecuronium The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantRocuronium The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantSuccinylcholine The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantTubocurarine The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantVecuronium The agent increases the effect of muscle relaxantBumetanide Increased ototoxicityEthacrynic acid Increased ototoxicityFurosemide Increased ototoxicityTorasemide Increased ototoxicityThalidomide Thalidomide increases the renal toxicity of the aminoglycosideCisplatin Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefradine Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCephapirin Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefamandole Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefazolin Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefonicid Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefoperazone Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCeforanide Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefotaxime Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefotetan Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefoxitin Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCeftazidime Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCeftizoxime Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCeftriaxone Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCefuroxime Increased risk of nephrotoxicityCephalothin Group Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
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| Food Interaction |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take with food to reduce irritation.
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1(subA), obtained from Micromonospora purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit protein synthesis (genetic translation). [PubChem]
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| Dosage Form |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Cream TopicalEnema TopicalLotion TopicalOintment Topical
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Cream TopicalLiquid OphthalmicOintment OphthalmicOintment TopicalSolution Auricular (otic)Solution IntravenousSolution OphthalmicSolution / drops Auricular (otic)Solution / drops Ophthalmic
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| Drug Category |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Asthmatic AgentsAnti-inflammatory AgentsAnti-inflammatory, steroidalCorticosteroidGlucocorticoidsImmunosuppressive Agents
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Bacterial AgentsProtein Synthesis Inhibitors
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4(C)C3(F)C(O)CC2(C)C1(O)C(=O)CO
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CNC(C)C1CCC(N)C(O1)OC1C(N)CC(N)C(OC2OCC(C)(O)C(NC)C2O)C1O
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]4(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@]1(O)C(=O)CO
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CN[C@H](C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](N)[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]1[C@H](N)C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2OC[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](NC)[C@H]2O)[C@@H]1O
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| InChI Identifier |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21-,22-/m0/s1
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C21H43N5O7/c1-9(25-3)13-6-5-10(22)19(31-13)32-16-11(23)7-12(24)17(14(16)27)33-20-15(28)18(26-4)21(2,29)8-30-20/h9-20,25-29H,5-8,22-24H2,1-4H3
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Betamethasone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Gentamicin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-[4,6-diamino-3-[3-amino-6-(1-methylaminoethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-methylaminooxane-3,5-diol
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
GENTAMICIN ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Phospholipase A Drug:gentamicin Toxicity:aminoglycoside toxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:phospholipases C Drug:gentamicin Toxicity:aminoglycoside toxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Angiotensinase A Drug:gentamicin Toxicity:important consequences upon renal function and metabolism. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Dipeptidylpeptidase IV Drug:gentamicin Toxicity:important consequences upon renal function and metabolism. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase Drug:Gentamicin Toxicity:necrosis. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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