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±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: DIRITHROMYCINDYNABAC (DIRITHROMYCIN)
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| Mechanism of Action |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Dirithromycin prevents bacteria from growing, by interfering with their protein synthesis. Dirithromycin binds to the 50S subunit of the 70S bacterial ribosome, and thus inhibits the translocation of peptides. Dirithromycin has over 10 times higher affinity to the subunit 50S than erythromycin. In addition, dirithromycin binds simultaneously in to two domains of 23S RNA of the ribosomal subunit 50S, where older macrolides bind only in one. Dirithromycin can also inhibit the formation of ribosomal subunits 50S and 30S.
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| Pharmacology |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Dirithromycin is a pro-drug which is converted non-enzymatically during intestinal absorption into the microbiologically active moiety erythromycylamine. Erythromycylamine exerts its activity by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible mircoorganisms resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. Dirithromycin/erythromycylamine has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms both in vitro and in clinical infections: Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains only), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
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| Metabolism |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available
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| Protein Binding |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 15 to 30% for erythromycylamine, the active compound.
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| Half-life |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ The mean plasma half-life of erythromycylamine was estimated to be about 8 h (2 to 36 h), with a mean urinary terminal elimination half-life of about 44 h (16 to 65 h) in patients with normal renal function.
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| Absorption |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Oral dirithromycin is rapidly absorbed, with an absolute bioavailability of approximately 10%. Dietary fat has little or no effect on the bioavailability of dirithromycin.
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| Biotransformation |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Dirithromycin is converted by nonenzymatic hydrolysis during absorption to the active compound, erythromycylamine. Sixty to 90% of a dose is hydrolyzed to erythromycylamine within 35 minutes after dosing, and conversion is nearly complete after 1.5 hours. Erythromycylamine undergoes little or no hepatic biotransformation. No other metabolites of dirithromycin have been detected in the serum.
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| Toxicity |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ The toxic symptoms following an overdose of a macrolide antibiotic may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, and diarrhea.
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| Drug Interactions |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Dirithromycin is a macrolide glycopeptide antibiotic. It is used to treat many different types of bacterial infections, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, and even skin infections.
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| Dosage Form |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Tablet, film coated Oral
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| Drug Category |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-InfectivesMacrolides
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CCC1OC(=O)C(C)C(OC2CC(C)(OC)C(O)C(C)O2)C(C)C(OC2OC(C)CC(C2O)N(C)C)C(C)(O)CC(C)C2NC(COCCOC)OC(C2C)C1(C)O
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)N(C)C)[C@](C)(O)C[C@@H](C)[C@@H]2N[C@@H](COCCOC)O[C@@H]([C@H]2C)[C@]1(C)O
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| InChI Identifier |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C42H78N2O14/c1-15-29-42(10,49)37-24(4)32(43-30(56-37)21-52-17-16-50-13)22(2)19-40(8,48)36(58-39-33(45)28(44(11)12)18-23(3)53-39)25(5)34(26(6)38(47)55-29)57-31-20-41(9,51-14)35(46)27(7)54-31/h22-37,39,43,45-46,48-49H,15-21H2,1-14H3/t22-,23-,24+,25+,26-,27+,28+,29-,30-,31+,32+,33-,34+,35+,36-,37?,39+,40-,41-,42-/m1/s1
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Dirithromycin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (1S,2R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,11R,12R,15R,17S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-dimethylamino-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-4,12-dihydroxy-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-15-(2-methoxyethoxymethyl)-2,4,6,8,12,17-hexamethyl-10,14-dioxa-16-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-9-one
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The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. DIRITHROMYCIN[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score) I(Marginal) 0(Active) 0[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0[SGOT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 5.4[SGPT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 5.4[LDH Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0[GGT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 2.7
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