Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Very high (to specific plasma proteins called transcobalamins); binding of hydroxocobalamin is slightly higher than cyanocobalamin. Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 22% Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 60% Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 90-94%
Half-life
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver). Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 15-20 days Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 66-84 minutes
Absorption
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Systemic - approximately 50% Choline¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum. Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum. Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Vitamin B2 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Prolonged skin contact may cause irritation. Choline¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral rat LD50: 3400 mg/kg Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD50 > 8000 mg/kg Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness. Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
Drug Interactions
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available Choline¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Description
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. [PubChem] Choline¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. [PubChem] Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products. [HMDB] Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. [PubChem] Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ The 4-methanol form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). [PubChem] Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. [PubChem] Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. [PubChem]