| 항목 |
내용 |
| DUR (의약품사용평가) |
병용금기 :
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| 독성정보 |
Camphor에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기
Diphenhydramine에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기
L-Menthol에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기
출처: 국립독성과학원 독성물질정보DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do |
| Mechanism of Action |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보
Diphenhydramine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding.
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| Pharmacology |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine of the ethanolamine class. Ethanolamine antihistamines have significant antimuscarinic activity and produce marked sedation in most patients. In addition to the usual allergic symptoms, the drug also treats irritant cough and nausea, vomiting, and vertigo associated with motion sickness. It also is used commonly to treat drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms as well as to treat mild cases of Parkinson's disease. Rather than preventing the release of histamine, as do cromolyn and nedocromil, diphenhydramine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. Diphenhydramine competitively antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors in the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. Ethanolamine derivatives have greater anticholinergic activity than do other antihistamines, which probably accounts for the antidyskinetic action of diphenhydramine. This anticholinergic action appears to be due to a central antimuscarinic effect, which also may be responsible for its antiemetic effects, although the exact mechanism is unknown.
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| Metabolism |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Metabolism 정보
# Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
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| Protein Binding |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 단백결합 정보
98 to 99%
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| Half-life |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 반감기 정보
1-4 hours
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| Absorption |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Absorption 정보
Quickly absorbed with maximum activity occurring in approximately one hour.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Methyl Salicylate의 약물동력학자료
- 흡수 :
- 위장관으로부터 잘 흡수된다.
- 벗겨진 피부를 통해서도 흡수될 수 있다.
L-menthol의 약물동력학자료
- 소실 : 흡수된 약물은 glucuronide 포합체로서 소변 및 담즙을 통해 배설된다.
Diphenhydramine의 약물동력학자료
- 최고 진정 효과 : 1-3 시간
- 작용지속시간 : 4-7 시간
- 흡수 : 초회통과효과가 있어서 40 - 60 % 정도가 전신순환으로 들어감
- 대사 : 대부분 간대사, 일부는 폐와 신장에서도 대사
- 단백결합 : 78%
- 최고혈중농도 도달시간 : 2-4 시간
Tocopherol Acetate의 약물동력학자료
- 흡수 : 경구 :
- 소장으로부터 흡수되는 데에는 담즙이 필요하다.
- 흡수 저하 : 흡수장애 환자, 저체중 미숙아, 고용량 투여
- 유화제제보다 수용성 제제가 더 잘 흡수된다.
- 분포 : 모든 조직에 분포하며, 특히 지방조직에 고농도로 분포하고 저장된다.
- 대사 : 간에서 glucuronides 포합
- 소실 : 주로 담즙을 통해 (70-80%) 배설된다.
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| Biotransformation |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보
Hepatic and renal
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| Toxicity |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Toxicity 정보
LD50=500 mg/kg (orally in rats). Considerable overdosage can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack), serious ventricular dysrhythmias, coma and death.
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| Drug Interactions |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보
Atomoxetine The CYP2D6 inhibitor could increases the effect and toxicity of atomoxetineDonepezil Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine Possible antagonism of actionMesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasRivastigmine Possible antagonism of actionThioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
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CYP450
Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 Table직접조회]
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| Food Interaction |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Food Interaction 정보
Avoid alcohol.Take with food.
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Camphor에 대한 Description 정보
A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially cinnamomum camphora. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent. [PubChem]
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Description 정보
A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.
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| Dosage Form |
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보
Capsule OralCream TopicalElixir OralLiquid IntramuscularLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLozenge OralStrip OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, chewable Oral
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| Drug Category |
Camphor에 대한 Drug_Category 정보
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보
AnestheticsAnesthetics, LocalAnti-Allergic AgentsAntidyskineticsAntiemeticsAntiparkinson AgentsAntipruriticsAntitussivesEthanolamine DerivativesHistamine H1 AntagonistsHypnotics and Sedatives
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Camphor에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보
CC1(C)C2CCC1(C)C(=O)C2
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보
CN(C)CCOC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Camphor에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보
CC1(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]1(C)C(=O)C2
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보
CN(C)CCOC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| InChI Identifier |
Camphor에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보
InChI=1/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
Diphenhydramine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보
InChI=1/C17H21NO/c1-18(2)13-14-19-17(15-9-5-3-6-10-15)16-11-7-4-8-12-16/h3-12,17H,13-14H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Camphor에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
Diphenhydramine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보
2-[di(phenyl)methoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine
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전문/일반
