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| DUR (ÀǾàǰ»ç¿ëÆò°¡) |
º´¿ë±Ý±â :
°í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
[»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë/º´¿ë±Ý±â°Ë»ö]
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| µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do |
| Mechanism of Action |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Acetylcysteine may protect against acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity by maintaining or restoring hepatic concentrations of glutathione. Glutathione is required to inactivate an intermediate metabolite of acetaminophen that is thought to be hepatotoxic. In acetaminophen overdose, excessive quantities of this metabolite are formed because the primary metabolic (glucuronide and sulfate conjugation) pathways become saturated. Acetylcysteine may act by reducing the metabolite to the parent compound and/or by providing sulfhydryl for conjugation of the metabolite. Experimental evidence also suggests that a sulfhydryl-containing compound such as acetylcysteine may also directly inactivate the metabolite. Inhalation - Acetylcysteine exerts its mucolytic action through its free sulfhydryl group, which opens the disulfide bonds and lowers mucus viscosity. This action increases with increasing pH and is most significant at pH 7 to 9. The mucolytic action of acetylcysteine is not affected by the presence of DNA.
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Chlorpheniramine binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine.
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| Pharmacology |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Acetylcysteine has been shown to reduce the extent of liver injury following acetaminophen overdose. It is most effective when given early, with benefit seen principally in patients treated within 8-10 hours of the overdose. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathione levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite.
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Chlorpheniramine, is a histamine H1 antagonist (or more correctly, an inverse histamine agonist) of the alkylamine class. It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.
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| Protein Binding |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 83%
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 72%
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| Half-life |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 5.6 hours (adults), 11 hours (neonates)
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 21-27 hours
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| Absorption |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Bioavailability is 6??0% following oral administration and less than 3% following topical administration.
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
AcetylcysteineÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ÃÖ´ë Á¡¾×¿ëÇØÈ¿°ú ¹ßÇö½Ã°£
- ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ : 1½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó
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- ºÐÆ÷¿ëÀû
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ
- ¹Ý°¨±â
- ȯ¿øÇü acetylcysteine : 2½Ã°£
- Àüü acetylcysteineÀ¸·Î¼ 5.5 ½Ã°£
Chlorpheniramine MaleateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 69-72%
- ´ë»ç : °£´ë»ç
- ¹Ý°¨±â : 20-24 ½Ã°£
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| Biotransformation |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. Deacetylated by the liver to cysteine and subsequently metabolized.
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic via Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes.
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| Toxicity |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Single intravenous doses of acetylcysteine at 1000 mg/kg in mice, 2445 mg/kg in rats, 1500 mg/kg in guinea pigs, 1200 mg/kg in rabbits and 500 mg/kg in dogs were lethal. Symptoms of acute toxicity were ataxia, hypoactivity, labored respiration, cyanosis, loss of righting reflex and convulsions.
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50 = 306 mg/kg in humans, mild reproductive toxin to women of childbearing age.
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| Drug Interactions |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Donepezil Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine Possible antagonism of actionRivastigmine Possible antagonism of actionEthotoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinFosphenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinMephenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinPhenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoin
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
SUBSTRATES
CYP 2D6
Beta Blockers:
S-metoprolol
propafenone
timolol
Antidepressants:
amitriptyline
clomipramine
desipramine
imipramine
paroxetine
Antipsychotics:
haloperidol
risperidone
thioridazine
aripiprazole
codeine
dextromethorphan
duloxetine
flecainide
mexiletine
ondansetron
tamoxifen
tramadol
venlafaxine
INHIBITORS
CYP 2D6
amiodarone
buproprion
**chlorpheniramine**
cimetidine
clomipramine
duloxetine
fluoxetine
haloperidol
methadone
mibefradil
paroxetine
quinidine
ritonavir
INDUCERS
CYP 2D6
N/A
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| Description |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ The N-acetyl derivative of cysteine. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates. [PubChem]
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine. [PubChem]
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| Dosage Form |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Liquid Respiratory (inhalation)Solution Respiratory (inhalation)
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Syrup OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral
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| Drug Category |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antiviral AgentsExpectorantsFree Radical Scavengers
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Allergic AgentsAntihistaminesAntipruriticsHistamine H1 Antagonists
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(=O)NC(CS)C(O)=O
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CN(C)CCC(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CN(C)CC[C@H](C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1
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| InChI Identifier |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C5H9NO3S/c1-3(7)6-4(2-10)5(8)9/h4,10H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h6,8H
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C16H19ClN2/c1-19(2)12-10-15(16-5-3-4-11-18-16)13-6-8-14(17)9-7-13/h3-9,11,15H,10,12H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Acetylcysteine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
MALEATE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Drug:maleate Toxicity:hepatic injury. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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µå·°ÀÎÆ÷ ÀǾàÇмúÁ¤º¸´Â ½ÄǰÀǾàǰ¾ÈÀüóÀÇ Á¦Ç°Çã°¡»çÇ×, Çмú¹®Çå, Á¦¾àȸ»ç Á¦°øÁ¤º¸ µîÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÈ Âü°í Á¤º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Á¤º¸ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÆíÁý»óÀÇ ¿À·ù, Çã°¡»çÇ× º¯°æ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Çмú¿¬±¸ ¶Ç´Â Àӻ󿬱¸ ¹ßÇ¥ µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ µå·°ÀÎÆ÷´Â
Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ¡°Ã¥ÀÓÀÇ ÇÑ°è ¹× ¹ýÀû°íÁö¡±¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇØ ÁֽʽÿÀ.
¹Ýµå½Ã Á¦Á¶¡¤¼öÀÔ»ç, ÆÇ¸Å»ç, ÀÇ»ç, ¾à»ç¿¡°Ô ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
ÀüÈ: 02-3486-1061 ¤Ó À̸ÞÀÏ: webmaster@druginfo.co.kr
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