Amlodipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocking agent. It inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes. The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload. Another possible mechanism is that amlodipine inhibits vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I activity with consecutive pH increase which may be involved in intracelluar calcium influx through calcium channels. Valsartan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Valsartan competes with angiotensin II for binding at the AT1 receptor subtype. As angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which also stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone, blockage of its effects results in a decreases in systemic vascular resistance.
Pharmacology
Amlodipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Amlodipine, a calcium-channel blocker, is used alone or with benazepril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, to treat hypertension, chronic stable angina pectoris, and Prinzmetal's variant angina. Amlodipine is similar to the peripheral vasodilator nifedipine and other members of the dihydropyridine class. Valsartan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Valsartan, a specific angiotensin II antagonist, is used alone or with other antihypertensive agents to treat hypertension. Unlike the angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan, Valsartan does not have an active metabolite or possess uricosuric effects.
Amlodipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Amlodipine is slowly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Valsartan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available
Toxicity
Amlodipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Gross overdosage could result in excessive peripheral vasodilatation and possibly reflex tachycardia. Marked and probably prolonged systemic hypotension up to an including shock with fatal outcome have been reported. Valsartan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
Drug Interactions
Amlodipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Diltiazem Diltiazem increases the effect and toxicity of amlodipineQuinupristin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity Valsartan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Almotriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effectsEletriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effectsFrovatriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effectsNaratriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effectsRizatriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effectsSumatriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effectsZolmitriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effectsAminophylline Increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineDyphylline Increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineOxtriphylline Increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineTheophylline Increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineAmitriptyline Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsAmoxapine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsClomipramine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsDesipramine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsDoxepin Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsImipramine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsNortriptyline Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsProtriptyline Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsTrimipramine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclicsAmphetamine Risk of serotoninergic syndromeBenzphetamine Risk of serotoninergic syndromeDextroamphetamine Risk of serotoninergic syndromeDexfenfluramine Risk of serotoninergic syndromeDiethylpropion Risk of serotoninergic syndromeFenfluramine Risk of serotoninergic syndromeMazindol Risk of serotoninergic syndromeMethamphetamine Risk of serotoninergic syndromePhendimetrazine Risk of serotoninergic syndromePhentermine Risk of serotoninergic syndromePhenylpropanolamine Risk of serotoninergic syndromeSibutramine Risk of serotoninergic syndromeAnisindione Fluvoxamine increases the effect of the anticoagulantAcenocoumarol Fluvoxamine increases the effect of the anticoagulantDicumarol Fluvoxamine increases the effect of the anticoagulantWarfarin Fluvoxamine increases the effect of the anticoagulantAstemizole Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasMesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTerfenadine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasThioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasCarbamazepine Fluvoxamine increases the effect of carbamazepineCilostazol Fluvoxamine increases the effect of cilostazolClozapine The antidepressant increases the effect of clozapineDihydroergotamine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationErgotamine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationDuloxetine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of duloxetineEthotoin Increases the effect of hydantoinFosphenytoin Increases the effect of hydantoinMephenytoin Increases the effect of hydantoinPhenytoin Increases the effect of hydantoinIsocarboxazid Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationPhenelzine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationTranylcypromine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationRasagiline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationSelegiline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationLinezolid Combination associated with possible serotoninergic syndromeLithium The SSRI increases serum levels of lithiumMethadone Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of methadoneMexiletine Increases the effect and toxicity of mexiletineMirtazapine Increases the effect adn toxicity of mirtazapineMoclobemide Increased incidence of adverse effects with this associationOlanzapine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of olanzapineOxycodone Increased risk of serotonin syndromeTramadol Increased risk of serotonin syndromeRamelteon Fluvoxamine increases the levels/toxicity of ramelteonRopinirole Increases the effect and toxicity of ropiniroleRopivacaine Increases the effect and toxicity of ropivacaineSt. John's Wort St. John's Wort increases the effect and toxicity of the SSRITacrine Fluvoxamine increases the effect of tacrineTizanidine Fluvoxamine increases the effect/toxicity of tizanidine
Amlodipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take without regard to meals.Grapefruit can significantly increase serum levels of this product.Avoid taking grapefruit or grapefruit juice throughout treatment.Avoid natural licorice. Valsartan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Not Available
Amlodipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. [PubChem] Valsartan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Valsartan (trade name Diovan®) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, acting on the AT1 subtype. In the U.S., valsartan is indicated for treatment of high blood pressure, of congestive heart failure (CHF), and post-myocardial infarction (MI). In 2005, Diovan® was prescribed more than 12 million times in the United States.
The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. AMLODIPINE [GGT Increase] [Composite Activity] (Score)I (Marginal) 0 (Active) 0