다음 환자에는 투여하지 말 것.
1) 중증 신기능장애 및 간성혼수
2) 유당 함유 제품인 경우: 갈락토오스 불내성(galactose intolerance), Lapp 유당분해효소 결핍증(Lapp lactase deficiency) 또는 포도당-갈락토오스 흡수장애(glucose-galactose malabsorption) 등의 유전적인 문제가 있는 환자에게는 투여하면 안 된다.
신중투여
다음 환자에는 신중히 투여할 것.
1) 시스틴뇨증 환자
2) 황색5호(선셋옐로우 FCF, Sunset Yellow FCF)를 함유 제품인 경우: 이 성분에 과민하거나 알레르기 병력이 있는 환자에는 신중히 투여한다.
Calcium에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available. L-cysteine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Although classified as a non-essential amino acid cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine can usually be synthesized by the human body under normal physiological conditions if a sufficient quantity of methionine is available. Due to the ability of thiols to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine's antioxidant properties are typically expressed in the tripeptide glutathione, which occurs in humans as well as other organisms. The systemic availability of oral glutathione (GSH) is negligible; so it must be biosynthesized from its constituent amino acids, cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid. Glutamic acid and glycine are readily available in the diets of most industrialized countries, but the availability of cysteine can be the limiting substrate. Cysteine is also an important source of sulfide in human metabolism. The sulfide in iron-sulfur clusters and in nitrogenase is extracted from cysteine, which is converted to alanine in the process. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, cysteine is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Its use or purpose, however, is unknown, like most cigarette additives. Its inclusion in cigarettes could offer two benefits: Acting as an expectorant, since smoking increases mucus production in the lungs; and increasing the beneficial antioxidant glutathione (which is diminished in smokers).
Pharmacology
L-cysteine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Due to this ability to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine is an important source of sulfur in human metabolism, and although it is classified as a non-essential amino acid, cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine may at some point be recognized as an essential or conditionally essential amino acid.
Metabolism
L-cysteine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available
Pharmacokinetics
Ascorbic Acid의 약물동력학자료
흡수 :
소장에서 거의 완전히 흡수된다.
흡수는 능동수송을 통해 이루어지며 용량의존적이라 여겨진다. (고용량에서 흡수 포화)
분포 : 널리 분포
단백결합 : 약 25%
대사 : 간에서 산화 및 황산 포합 등으로 대사된다.
반감기 : 16일
고용량 투여시 : 3.4 시간
혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 정상 성인 : 2-3 시간
소실 :
주 배설 경로는 신장 및 담즙이다.
신배설은 용량의존적으로, 투여량이 증가하면 신배설량 및 속도가 증가한다.
Calcium pantothenate의 약물동력학자료
흡수 : 경구 : 잘 흡수된다.
소실 : 약 70%는 미변화체로 소변을 통해, 약 30%는 대변을 통해 배설된다.
Biotransformation
L-cysteine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Not Available
Toxicity
L-cysteine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available
Drug Interactions
Calcium에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes L-cysteine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available
Calcium에 대한 Description 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. L-cysteine에 대한 Description 정보 A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form cystine. [PubChem]
Dosage Form
Calcium에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralLiquid DentalLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPaste DentalPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntramuscularSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, chewable Oral L-cysteine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available
Drug Category
L-cysteine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementNutritional Supplement
Smiles String Canonical
Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 Not Available L-cysteine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CS)C(O)=O
Smiles String Isomeric
Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 Not Available L-cysteine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
Calcium에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 Not Available L-cysteine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1/f/h5H
Chemical IUPAC Name
Calcium에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available L-cysteine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
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항목
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최근정보수정일 2023-10-04
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