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5) °ú¹Î¹ÝÀÀ : ¶§¶§·Î ¼ºÈ«¿¸ð¾ç¡¤È«¿ª¸ð¾ç¡¤Áßµ¶Áø¸ð¾ç ¹ßÁø µîÀÇ °ú¹Î¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ·± Áõ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Åõ¿©¸¦ ÁßÁöÇÑ´Ù.
6) Ç÷¾×°è : ¼ø¼öÀûÇ÷±¸¹«Çü¼ºÁõ, Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ °¨¼Ò, ¹éÇ÷±¸ °¨¼Ò, °ú¸³±¸ °¨¼Ò, ¹«°ú¸³±¸Áõ, ¹üÇ÷±¸ °¨¼Ò, ÀûÇ÷±¸ Áõ°¡, °ÅÀû¾Æ±¸¼º ºóÇ÷, µå¹°°Ô Àç»ýºÒ·®¼º ºóÇ÷, ´Ü±¸¼º ¹éÇ÷º´, ¿ëÇ÷¼º ºóÇ÷ µîÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¨·®ÇÏ´Â µî ÀûÀýÇÑ Ã³Ä¡¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
7) ¸²ÇÁ°è : µå¹°°Ô ¸²ÇÁÀý Á¾Ã¢, ¸²ÇÁÁ¾, °¡¼º ¸²ÇÁÁ¾, ȩŲ½ºº´ °°Àº ¸²ÇÁÀý º´ÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î °üÂûÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ Çϰí ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áõ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¨·®ÇÏ´Â µî ÀûÀýÇÑ Ã³Ä¡¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
8) °£ : Áßµ¶¼º °£¿°, Ȳ´Þ µîÀÇ °£Àå¾Ö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
9) ½ÅÀå : ´Ü¹é´¢ µîÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
10) ´« : º¹½Ã, ¾È±¸ÁøÅÁÁõ, ½Ã°¢Àå¾Ö, µå¹°°Ô ¹é³»Àå(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.) µîÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ã·Â°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â µî ÀûÀýÇÑ Ã³Ä¡¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
11) °áÇÕÁ¶Á÷ : Ä¡ÀºÁõ½Ä, ¾È¸é°Åħ, ´Ù¸ðÁõ, ÀÔ¼úÁ¾Ã¢, Æä·Î´Ï ÁõÈıºÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
12) ±Ù°ñ°Ý°è : ¿¬¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¸·çº´, °ñ¿¬ÈÁõ, Ä¡¾ÆÇü¼ººÎÀü µîÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î °üÂûÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ Çϰí ÀÌ»ó(ALP, Ç÷û Ä®½· ÀúÇÏ ¹× ¹«±âÀÎ ÀúÇÏ µî)ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¨·® ¶Ç´Â ºñŸ¹ÎD¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â µî ÀûÀýÈ÷ Á¶Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù.
13) ¼Òȱâ°è : µå¹°°Ô ±¸¿ª, ±¸Åä ¹× º¯ºñ µîÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(°æ±¸Á¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.).
14) ±âŸ : °áÀý¼º µ¿¸ÆÁÖÀ§¿°, ´Ù¹ß¼º °üÀýÁõ, °úÇ÷´ç, µå¹°°Ô ¹ß¿, °©»ó»ù±â´É°Ë»çÄ¡(Ç÷û T3, T4Ä¡ µî)ÀÌ»ó, ´Ù¸ð, Ç÷û¿±»êÄ¡ ÀúÇϰ¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(°æ±¸Á¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.).
15) ±âŸ : °áÀý¼º µ¿¸ÆÁÖÀ§¿°, ´Ù¹ß¼º °üÀýÁõ, °íÇ÷´ç, ¶§¶§·Î ±¸°¥, µå¹°°Ô Ç÷°üÅë, ½ÉÇ÷°üÇãÅ», ½ÉÁ¤Áö, ½É½Ç¼¼µ¿, È£ÈíÁ¤Áö, °Á÷¹ßÀÛ, °©»ó»ù ±â´É °Ë»çÄ¡(Ç÷û T3, T4Ä¡ µî)ÀÌ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.).
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4) Æä´ÏÅäÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ Ç÷û ¼öÄ¡ ¹× ´ÙÀ½ ¾à¹°ÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ °¨¼ÒµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. : ºÎ½ÅÇÇÁúÈ£¸£¸ó(µ¦»ç¸ÞŸ¼Õ µî), °©»ó»ùÈ£¸£¸ó, µ¶½Ã»çÀÌŬ¸°, Ç×ÀÀ°íÁ¦(¸®¹Ù·Ï»ç¹Ý, ´Ùºñ°¡Æ®¶õ, ¾ÆÇÈ»ç¹Ý, ¿¡µ¶»ç¹Ý), ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ, Ǫ·Î¼¼¹Ìµå, °æ±¸¿ë ÇÇÀÓÁ¦, Äû´Ïµò, ¸®ÆÊÇǽÅ, ¶óÄÚ»ç¹Ìµå, Ƽī±×·¼·¯
5) Å׿ÀÇʸ°ÀÇ Ç÷Á߳󵵸¦ ÀúÇϽÃŲ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î º´¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Áõ·®ÇÏ´Â µî ½ÅÁßÈ÷ Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù.
6) ´ÙÀ½ ¾à¹°°úÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ º¯È(»ó½Â ¶Ç´Â ÀúÇÏ)ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î º´¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ½ÅÁßÈ÷ Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. : ¹ßÇÁ·Î»ê³ªÆ®·ý, Æä³ë¹Ù¸£ºñÅ»
Æä´ÏÅäÀΰú ¹ßÇÁ·Î»êÀÇ º´¿ë Åõ¿©´Â ¹ßÇÁ·Î»ê°ú °ü·ÃµÈ °í¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾ÆÇ÷Áõ À§ÇèÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù. µÎ ¾à¹°À» º´¿ëÇϴ ȯÀÚÀÇ °í¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾ÆÇ÷Áõ ¡ÈÄ¿Í Áõ»óÀ» °üÂûÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
7) µôƼ¾ÆÁª°úÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ »ó½ÂÇßÀ¸¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ Æç·ÎµðÇÉ, º£¶óÆÄ¹Ð°úÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌµé ¾à¹°ÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ ÀúÇϵǾú´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
8) ºóÄ«¾ËÄ«·ÎÀ̵å(ºóÅ©¸®½ºÆ¾ µî)¿ÍÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ ÀúÇ쵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
9) µµÆÄ¹ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÌ ¾àÀ» Á¤¸Æ ÁÖ»çÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼¸Æ ¹× ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ÀúÇ÷¾ÐÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.).
10) ¸®µµÄ«ÀÎ ¹× º£Å¸Â÷´ÜÁ¦¿Í º´¿ëÇÏ¿© Æä´ÏÅäÀÎÀ» Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç ÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ½ÉÀå¾ïÁ¦ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(ÁÖ»çÁ¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.).
11) ¾Ë·ÎǪ¸®³î°ú º´¿ë½Ã ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ °£´ë»ç¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ Ç÷Á߳󵵸¦ »ó½Â½ÃÄ×´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î º´¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ ¿ë·®¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù(°æ±¸Á¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.).
12) ¼³ÆÄ¸ÞÅå»çÁ¹, Æ®¸®¸ÞÅäÇÁ¸²°úÀÇ º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ ¾àÀÇ °£´ë»ç°¡ ¾ïÁ¦µÇ¾î ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(°æ±¸Á¦¿¡ ÇÑÇÔ.).
13) Æä´ÏÅäÀÎÀº Ç÷´çÄ¡¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃŰ¹Ç·Î Àν¶¸° ¶Ç´Â °æ±¸¿ë Ç÷´ç°ÇÏÁ¦ÀÇ ¿ë·®Á¶ÀýÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
14) Æä´ÏÅäÀΰú °æ±¸¿ë µð¾ÆÁ·»çÀ̵带 º´¿ëÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì µð¾ÆÁ·»çÀ̵åÀÇ °íÇ÷´ç ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ¹Ç·Î º´¿ëÅõ¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
| Related FDA Approved Drug |
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[cabotegravir]
[cabotegravir sodium micronized (as cabotegravir)]
[cobicistat silicon dioxide (as cobicistat)+elvitegravir+emtricitabine+tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (as tenofovir alafenamide)]
[dabigatran etexilate mesylate (as dabigatran etexilate)]
[dronedarone]
[etravirine]
[fedratinib dihydrochloride monohydrate (as fedratinib)]
[finerenone]
[glecaprevir+pibrentasvir]
[ledipasvir+sofosbuvir]
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[lurasidone hydrochloride]
[nirmatrelvir+ritonavir]
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Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do |
| Mechanism of Action |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Phenytoin acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. By promoting sodium efflux from neurons, phenytoin tends to stabilize the threshold against hyperexcitability caused by excessive stimulation or environmental changes capable of reducing membrane sodium gradient. This includes the reduction of post-tetanic potentiation at synapses. Loss of post-tetanic potentiation prevents cortical seizure foci from detonating adjacent cortical areas.
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| Pharmacology |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug which can be useful in the treatment of epilepsy. The primary site of action appears to be the motor cortex where spread of seizure activity is inhibited. Phenytoin reduces the maximal activity of brain stem centers responsible for the tonic phase of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. Phenytoin acts to damp the unwanted, runaway brain activity seen in seizure by reducing electrical conductance among brain cells. It lacks the sedation effects associated with phenobarbital. There are some indications that phenytoin has other effects, including anxiety control and mood stabilization, although it has never been approved for those purposes by the FDA.
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| Metabolism |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)
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| Protein Binding |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Highly protein bound
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| Half-life |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 22 hours (range of 7 to 42 hours)
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| Absorption |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Bioavailability 70-100% oral, 24.4% for rectal and intravenous administration. Rapid rate of absorption with peak blood concentration expected in 1¨ö to 3 hours.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Phenytoin sodiumÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : °æ±¸ : ´À¸²
- ºÐÆ÷ : Vd
- ½Å»ý¾Æ :
- ¹Ì¼÷¾Æ : 1-1.2 L/kg
- ¿Ï¼÷¾Æ : 0.8-0.9 L/kg
- ¿µ¾Æ : 0.7-0.8 L/kg
- ¼Ò¾Æ : 0.7 L/kg
- ¼ºÀÎ : 0.6-0.7 L/kg
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ :
- ½Å»ý¾Æ : À¯¸®ÇüÀº ¾à 20%±îÁö
- ¿µ ¾Æ : À¯¸®ÇüÀº ¾à 15%±îÁö
- ¼º ÀÎ : 90-95%
- ±â Ÿ : À¯¸®ºÐÀ²(free fraction) Áõ°¡(´Ü¹é°áÇÕ°¨¼Ò) : °íºô¸®·çºóÇ÷Áõ, Àú¾ËºÎ¹ÎÇ÷Áõ, ¿äµ¶Áõ ȯÀÚ

- ´ë»ç : ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸Àû(Michaelis-Menten) ¾àµ¿ÇÐÀ» µû¸¥´Ù. ¼ºÀο¡ ºñÇÏ¿© 6°³¿ù ÀÌ»ó ¿µ¾Æ ¹× ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼ Vmax°¡ Å©´Ù.
- »ýü³»ÀÌ¿ë·ü : Åõ¿©ÇÑ Á¦Çü¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù.
- Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ (Åõ¿©Á¦Çü¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù.) : °æ±¸ :
- ¼¹æÇü ĸ½¶(extended-release capsule) : 4-12½Ã°£ À̳»
- ¼Ó¹æÇü Á¦Á¦(immediate release preparation) : 2-3½Ã°£ À̳»
- ¼Ò½Ç :
- ³»Àμº °£±â´É°ú Åõ¿©¿ë·®¿¡ µû¶ó Ŭ¸®¾î·±½ºÀÇ º¯È°¡ ¸Å¿ì Å©´Ù.
- ¿¼ºº´(febrile illness)¿¡¼ Ŭ¸®¾î·±½º°¡ Áõ°¡Çϰí Ç÷û³óµµ°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.
- 5% ¹Ì¸¸ÀÌ ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ´¢¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
- ÁÖ´ë»çü(»êÈ ´ë»ç)ÀÎ HPPA´Â Àå°£¼øÈ¯À» Çϸç glucuronide ÇüÅ·Π´¢¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼Ò½ÇµÈ´Ù.
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| Biotransformation |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic
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| Toxicity |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral, mouse: LD50 = 150 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1635 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include coma, difficulty in pronouncing words correctly, involuntary eye movement, lack of muscle coordination, low blood pressure, nausea, sluggishness, slurred speech, tremors, and vomiting.
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| Drug Interactions |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alprazolam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineChlordiazepoxide Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineClorazepate Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineDiazepam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineEstazolam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineFlurazepam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineLorazepam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineMidazolam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineOxazepam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineQuazepam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineTemazepam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineTriazolam Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepineBleomycin The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinMethotrexate The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinCarboplatin The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinCarmustine The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinCisplatin The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinVinblastine The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoinAminophylline Decreased effect of both productsDyphylline Decreased effect of both productsOxtriphylline Decreased effect of both productsTheophylline Decreased effect of both productsAmiodarone Amiodarone increases the effect of hydantoinCapecitabine Capecitabine increases the effect of hydantoinCimetidine Cimetidine increases the effect of hydantoinCiprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin decreases the hydantoin effectClarithromycin Clarithromycin increases the effect and toxicity of phenytoinDasatinib Decreased levels/efficacy of dasatinibDiazoxide Diazoxide decreases the hydantoin effectDisulfiram Disulfiram increases the effect of phenytoinDivalproex sodium Valproate increases the effect of hydantoinFluconazole Fluconazole increases the effect of hydantoinFluorouracil Fluorouracil increases the effect of hydantoinFluoxetine Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoinFluvoxamine Fluvoxamine increases the effect of hydantoinFolic Acid folic acid decreases the levels of hydantoinGabapentin Gabapentin increases the effect of hydantoinIsoniazid Isoniazid increases the effect of phenytoin in 20% of patientsOmeprazole Omeprazole increases the effect of hydantoinOxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine increases the effect of hydantoinOxyphenbutazone The NSAID increases the effect of hydantoinPhenylbutazone The NSAID increases the effect of hydantoinPraziquantel Markedly lower praziquantel levelsRifampin Rifampin decreases the effect of hydantoinSertraline Sertraline increases the effect of hydantoinSucralfate Sucralfate decreases the effect of hydantoinSulfadiazine The sulfonamide increases the effect of hydantoinSulfamethizole The sulfonamide increases the effect of hydantoinTelithromycin Telithromycin may possibly increase the agent effect/toxicityThiotepa Possible increase in thiotepa levelsTiclopidine Ticlopidine increases the effect of hydantoinTopiramate Increased phenytoin/decreased topiramateTrimethoprim Trimethoprim increases the effect of hydantoinVigabatrin Vigabatrin decreases the effect of hydantoinAnisindione Increased hydantoin levels and risk of bleedingAcenocoumarol Increased hydantoin levels and risk of bleedingDicumarol Increased hydantoin levels and risk of bleedingWarfarin Increased hydantoin levels and risk of bleedingAprepitant This CYP3A4 inducer decreases the effect of aprepitantAtracurium Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantChloramphenicol Increases phenytoin, modifies chloramphenicolDoxacurium Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantFelbamate Increased phenytoin levels and decreased felbamate levelsGallamine Triethiodide Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantGefitinib This CYP3A4 inducer may reduce gefitinib plasma concentrations and pharmacological effectsLevonorgestrel Phenytoin decreases the contraceptive effectItraconazole Phenytoin decreases the effect of itraconazoleLopinavir Levels of both drugs are affectedMetocurine Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantMetyrapone The combination renders the test invalidPancuronium Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantVecuronium Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantTubocurarine Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantSunitinib Possible decrease in sunitinib levelsMivacurium Phenytoin decreases the effect of the muscle relaxantPosaconazole Modifications of drug levels for both agentsMirtazapine The hydantoins may reduce mirtazapine plasma concentrations and pharmacological effectsBetamethasone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidChlorotrianisene The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesClomifene The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesCortisone acetate The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDexamethasone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidDiethylstilbestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstradiol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesDopamine Risk of severe hypotensionEstriol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesConjugated Estrogens The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstrone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstropipate The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesFludrocortisone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidHydrocortisone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidMedroxyprogesterone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMegestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMethylprednisolone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisolone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidPrednisone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidParamethasone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidQuinestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesTriamcinolone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroidVoriconazole The hydantoin decreases the effect of voriconazoleClozapine The hydantoin decreases the effect of clozapineCyclosporine The hydantoin decreases the effect of cyclosporineDisopyramide The hydantoin decreases the effect of disopyramideFelodipine The hydantoin decreases the effect of felodipineFurosemide The hydantoin decreases the effect of furosemideImatinib The hydantoin decreases the levels of imatinibIrinotecan The hydantoin decreases the effect of irinotecanLevodopa The hydantoin decreases the effect of levodopaMebendazole The hydantoin decreases the efficiency of mebendazoleMethoxsalen The hydantoin decreases the effect of psoraleneMexiletine The hydantoin decreases the effect of mexiletineSirolimus The hydantoin decreases sirolimus levelsTacrolimus The hydantoin decreases the effect of tacrolimusTrioxsalen The hydantoin decreases the effect of psoraleneChlorpheniramine The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinDelavirdine The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of delavirdineDoxycycline The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycyclineLamotrigine Phenytoin may reduce levels of lamotrigineNisoldipine Phenytoin decreases the efficiency of nisoldipineQuetiapine Phenytoin decreases the effect of quetiapineQuinidine The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidineEthinyl Estradiol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectMestranol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectNorethindrone This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
SUBSTRATES
CYP 2B6
bupropion
cyclophosphamide
efavirenz
ifosfamide
methadone
INHIBITORS
CYP 2B6
thiotepa
ticlopidine
INDUCERS
CYP 2B6
phenobarbital
**phenytoin**
rifampin
SUBSTRATES
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
Macrolide antibiotics:
clarithromycin
erythromycin
NOT azithromycin
telithromycin
Anti-arrhythmics:
quinidine
Benzodiazepines:
alprazolam
diazepam
midazolam
triazolam
Immune Modulators:
cyclosporine
tacrolimus (FK506)
HIV Protease Inhibitors:
indinavir
ritonavir
saquinavir
Prokinetic:
cisapride
Antihistamines:
astemizole
chlorpheniramine
Calcium Channel Blockers:
amlodipine
diltiazem
felodipine
nifedipine
nisoldipine
nitrendipine
verapamil
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors:
atorvastatin
cerivastatin
lovastatin
NOT pravastatin
simvastatin
aripiprazole
buspirone
gleevec
haloperidol (in part)
methadone
pimozide
quinine
NOT rosuvastatin
sildenafil
tamoxifen
trazodone
vincristine
INHIBITORS
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
HIV Protease Inhibitors:
indinavir
nelfinavir
ritonavir
amiodarone
NOT azithromycin
cimetidine
clarithromycin
diltiazem
erythromycin
fluvoxamine
grapefruit juice
itraconazole
ketoconazole
mibefradil
nefazodone
troleandomycin
verapamil
INDUCERS
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
carbamazepine
phenobarbital
**phenytoin**
rifabutin
rifampin
St. John's wort
troglitazone
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| Food Interaction |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Avoid alcohol.Take with food to increase bioavailability and reduce irritation.Do not take calcium, aluminum, magnesium or Iron supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication.
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| SNP Á¤º¸ |
Name:Phenytoin (DB00252)
Interacting Gene/Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Gene symbol = CYP2C9) Swissprot P11712
SNP(s):CYP2C9*1 rs1057910 (C Allele)
Effect:Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements
Reference(s):Tate SK, Depondt C, Sisodiya SM, Cavalleri GL, Schorge S, Soranzo N, Thom M, Sen A, Shorvon SD, Sander JW, Wood NW, Goldstein DB: Genetic predictors of the maximum doses patients receive during clinical use of the anti-epileptic drugs carbamazepine and phenytoin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Apr 12;102(15):5507-12. Epub 2005 Apr 1. [PubMed]
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| Description |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. [PubChem]
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| Dosage Form |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule OralLiquid IntramuscularLiquid IntravenousSolution IntramuscularSuspension OralTablet Oral
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| Drug Category |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anticonvulsants
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ O=C1NC(=O)C(N1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ O=C1NC(=O)C(N1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
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| InChI Identifier |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C15H12N2O2/c18-13-15(17-14(19)16-13,11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H,(H2,16,17,18,19)/f/h16-17H
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Phenytoin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 5,5-di(phenyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
PHENYTOIN ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Gamma-glutamyltransferase Drug:phenytoin Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:CYP2C19 Drug:Phenytoin Toxicity:idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:CYP2C9 Drug:Phenytoin Toxicity:idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alanine aminotransferase Drug:phenytoin Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:CYP3A4 Drug:Phenytoin Toxicity:idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alkaline phosphatase Drug:phenytoin Toxicity:clinical jaundice and developed hyperbilirubinemia. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Cytochrome P450 2C9 Drug:Phenytoin Toxicity:Phenytoin toxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] PHENYTOIN (PHT) ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor Drug:phenytoin (PHT) Toxicity:cleft palate. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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