Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux. Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Not Available
Pharmacology
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamine has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells. Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Not Available
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available
Toxicity
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg. Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
Drug Interactions
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Amphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsBenzphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDexfenfluramine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDiethylpropion Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsFenfluramine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsMazindol Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsMethamphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhendimetrazine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsDextroamphetamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhenmetrazine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhentermine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsPhenylpropanolamine Decreased anorexic effect, may increase psychotic symptomsTranylcypromine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationPhenelzine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationIsocarboxazid Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationPargyline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combinationBromocriptine The phenothiazine decreases the effect of bromocriptineCisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGatifloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGrepafloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasGuanethidine he agent decreases the effect of guanethidineLevofloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTerfenadine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasSparfloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasRivastigmine Possible antagonism of actionDonepezil Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine Possible antagonism of actionMetrizamide Increased risk of convulsions
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. [PubChem] Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Ginseng is promoted as an adaptogen (a product that increases the body's resistance to stress), one which can to a certain extent be supported with reference to its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. Ginseng is also known to contain phytoestrogens.
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex) Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Not Available
Smiles String Canonical
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1 Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ Not Available
Smiles String Isomeric
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1 Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ Not Available
InChI Identifier
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1/f/h13H2 Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol Ginseng¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available