효능효과 다음 경우의 비타민 A, B1,B2, B6, C의 보급
- 육체피로
- 임신수유기
- 병증병후의 체력저하시
- 이 약에 함유된비타민 등의 효능효과는 다음과같다.
: 눈의 건조감의 완화, 야맹증, 각기, 눈의피로
다음 증상의 완화 : 신경통, 근육통, 관절통(요통, 견통 등)
1) 과칼슘혈증(hypercalciumia :혈액중에 칼슘이 과잉으로 존재하는 상태)환자, 유육정용, 신질환 환자 2) 이 약 및 이 약에 포함된 성분에 과민증이 있는 환자 3) 12개월 미만의 영아 4) 신결석 환자 5) 중증의 신부전 환자
신중투여
1) 1세 미만의 영아 2) 의사의 치료를 받고 있는 환자 3) 햇빛을 많이 보고 정상적인 식사를 하는 어린이에게는 비타민 D 또는 칼슘의 복용을 피한다. 4) 과수산뇨증환자(hyperoxaluria: 뇨중에 과량의 수산염이 배설되는 상태) 5) 임부, 수유부 6) 심장순환기계기능 장애 환자 7)신장애 환자 8) 저단백혈증 환자 9) 강심배당체를 투여 중인 환자
이상반응
1) 이 약의 투여에 의하여 다음의 증상이 있을 경우에는 복용을 중지하고 의사또는 약사와 상의합니다.
: 구역, 구토, 가려움증, 건조하고 거친 피부, 통증성관절부종, 설사, 묽은 변, 식욕부진, 복부팽만감, 변비, 저혈압, 얼굴달아오름, 심박동불규칙, 피부발진 2) 장기간 고용량을 투여할 경우 내성이 생길 수 있다. 3) 피리독신을 1일 500mg~2g의 용량으로 장기간 복용하면 감각신경병 또는 신경병적 증상(neuropathy: 말초신경계의 기능적 장애 또는 병적변화)이 나타날 수 있다. 4) 엽산이 부족한 환자에게 비타민 B12를 1일 10ug이상 투여할 경우 혈액학적 반응이 나타날 수 있다. 5) 대량투여로 인해 구역, 구토등의 위장증상, 고나트륨혈증, 울혈성심부전, 부종 등의 증상이 나타날 수 있다. 6) 장기투여에 의해 고칼슘혈증 및 결석증이 나타날 수 있다.
1) 항알도스테론제, 트리암테렌과병용투여시 고칼륨혈증을 일으킬 수 있으므로 주의한다. 2) 이 약을 투여할 경우에는 다음의 약물과 병용투여하지 않는다.
가) 인산염, 칼슘염, 경구용테트라사이클린계 제제, 제산제
나) 레보도파 3) 녹차, 홍차 등 탄닌을 함유하는차는 복용중, 복용전후에는 피할 것
Aspartame에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 180 to 200 times sweeter than sucrose, it is metabolized as a protein and its subsequent amino-acids used up in there respective mechanisms. Calcium에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available. Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Vitamin B12 exists in four major forms referred to collectively as cobalamins; deoxyadenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and cyanocobalamin. Two of these, methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin, are primarily used by the body. Methionine synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Methionine in turn is required for DNA methylation. 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substances that carries oxygen in red blood cells. Pyridoxal에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Pyridoxal is the precursor to pyridoxal phosphate. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Pharmacology
Aspartame에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Aspartame (L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester) is a low-calorie sweetener used to sweeten a wide variety of low- and reduced-calorie foods and beverages, including low-calorie tabletop sweeteners. Aspartame is composed of two amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, as the methyl ester. Aspartic acid and phenylalanine are also found naturally in protein containing foods, including meats, grains and dairy products. Methyl esters are also found naturally in many foods such as fruits and vegetable and their juices. Upon digestion, aspartame breaks down into three components (aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol), which are then absorbed into the blood and used in normal body processes. Neither aspartame nor its components accumulates in the body. These components are used in the body in the same ways as when they are derived from common foods. Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic, injectable form of Vitamin B12. Hydroxocobalamin is actually a precursor of two cofactors or vitamins (Vitamin B12 and Methylcobalamin) which are involved in various biological systems in man. Vitamin B12 is required for the conversion of methylmalonate to succinate. Deficiency of this enzyme could therefore interfere with the production of lipoprotein in myelin sheath tissue and so give rise to neurological lesions. The second cofactor, Methylcobalamin, is necessary for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine which is essential for the metabolism of folic acid. Deficiency of tetrahydrafolate leads to reduced synthesis of thymidylate resulting in reduced synthesis of DNA which is essential for cell maturation. Vitamin B12 is also concerned in the maintenance of sulphydryl groups in reduced form, deficiency leading to decreased amounts of reduced SH content of erythrocytes and liver cells. Overall, vitamin B12 acts as a coenzyme for various metabolic functions, including fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. It is necessary for growth, cell replication, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein as well as myelin synthesis. This is largely due to its effects on metabolism of methionine folic acid, and malonic acid. Pyridoxal에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Pyridoxal principally in the form of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Metabolism
Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available Pyridoxal에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available
Absorption
Aspartame에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed in the small intestine, aspartame is metabolized and absorbed very quickly. Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Absorption 정보 Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the lower half of the ileum. Pyridoxal에 대한 Absorption 정보 Not Available
Toxicity
Aspartame에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Mild gastrointestinal side effects including diarrhea have been reported. Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available Pyridoxal에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Oral LD50 Rat: 2150 mg/kg, Oral LD50 Mouse: 1800 mg/kg
Drug Interactions
Aspartame에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available Calcium에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Alendronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesAmprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirAtazanavir This gastric pH modifier decreases the levels/effects of atazanavirChloroquine The antiacid decreases the absorption of chloroquineCiprofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesDapsone Formation of non-absorbable complexesDelavirdine The antiacid decreases the effect of delavirdineDemeclocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesDoxycycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesEnoxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesFosamprenavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of amprenavirGrepafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesIbandronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesIndinavir The antiacid decreases the absorption of indinavirItraconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleKetoconazole The antacid decreases the effect of the imidazoleLevofloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesLevothyroxine Calcium decreases absorption of levothyroxineLomefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesMethacycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMinocycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesMoxifloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesNorfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOfloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesOxytetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesPefloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesPolystyrene sulfonate Formation of non-absorbable complexesRisedronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesTetracycline Formation of non-absorbable complexesTrovafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexesClodronate Formation of non-absorbable complexesEtidronic acid Formation of non-absorbable complexesMycophenolate mofetil Formation of non-absorbable complexesTemafloxacin Formation of non-absorbable complexes Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Alfentanil The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of alfentanilAlprazolam The macrolide increases the effect of the benzodiazepineAminophylline The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineAmiodarone Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasAnisindione The macrolide increases anticoagulant effectAprepitant This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases effect and toxicity of aprepitantAstemizole Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasAtorvastatin The macrolide possibly increases the statin toxicityBretylium Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arryhthmiasBromocriptine Erythromycin increases serum levels of bromocriptineBuspirone The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of buspironeCabergoline Erythromycin increases serum levels and toxicity of cabergolineCarbamazepine The macrolide increases the effect of carbamazepineCerivastatin The macrolide possibly increases the statin toxicityCilostazol Erythromycin increases the effect of cilostazolCinacalcet This macrolide increases the serum levels and toxicity of cinacalcetCisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasCitalopram Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combinationClozapine Erythromycin increases the effect of clozapineColchicine Severe colchicine toxicity can occurCyclosporine The macrolide increases the effect of cyclosporineDiazepam The macrolide increases the effect of the benzodiazepineDicumarol The macrolide increases anticoagulant effectDigoxin The macrolide increases the effect of digoxin in 10% of patientsDihydroergotamine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationDihydroergotoxine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationDyphylline The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineDisopyramide Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasDivalproex sodium Erythromycin increases the effect of valproic acidDocetaxel The agent increases the serum levels and toxicity of docetaxelDofetilide Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasEletriptan The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of eletriptanEplerenone This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of eplerenoneErgotamine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationErlotinib This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases levels/toxicity of erlotinibImatinib The macrolide increases levels of imatinibFelodipine Erythromycin increases the effect of felodipineFluoxetine Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combinationGefitinib This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases levels/toxicity of gefitinibGrepafloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasItraconazole The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of itraconazoleLevofloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasMesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasMethylergonovine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationLovastatin The macrolide possibly increases the statin toxicityMethylprednisolone The macrolide increases the effect of corticosteroidMethysergide Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationMidazolam The macrolide increases the efect of the benzodiazepineMoxifloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasOxtriphylline The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllinePimozide Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasQuetiapine This macrolide increases the effect/toxicity of quetiapineQuinidine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasQuinidine barbiturate Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasQuinupristin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicityRanolazine Increased levels of ranolazine - risk of toxicityRepaglinide This macrolide increases effect of repaglinideRifabutin The rifamycin decreases the effect of the macrolideRifampin The rifamycin decreases the effect of the macrolideRitonavir Increased toxicity of both agentsSertraline Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combinationSibutramine Erythromycin increases the effect and toxicity of sibutramineSildenafil The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of sildenafilSimvastatin The macrolide possibly increases the statin toxicitySirolimus The macrolide increases sirolimus levelsSotalol Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasSparfloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTacrolimus Erythromycin increases the effect and toxicity of tacrolimusTerfenadine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTheophylline The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of theophyllineThioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasVerapamil Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmiasTriazolam The macrolide increases the effect of the benzodiazepineVardenafil The macrolide increases the effect and toxicity of vardenafilVinblastine Erythromycin increases vinblastine toxicityWarfarin The macrolide increases anticoagulant effectZafirlukast Erythromycin decreases the effect of zafirlukastErgonovine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combinationEverolimus The macrolide increases everolimus levels/toxicityLincomycin Possible antagonism of action with this combinationAcenocoumarol The macrolide increases anticoagulant effect Pyridoxal에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available
Aspartame에 대한 Description 정보 Flavoring agent sweeter than sugar, metabolized as phenylalanine and aspartic acid. [PubChem] Calcium에 대한 Description 정보 Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Description 정보 Injectable form of vitamin B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat vitamin B 12 deficiency. [PubChem] Pyridoxal에 대한 Description 정보 The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. [PubChem]
Dosage Form
Aspartame에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available Calcium에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralLiquid DentalLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPaste DentalPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntramuscularSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, chewable Oral Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid IntramuscularSolution Oral Pyridoxal에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available
Drug Category
Aspartame에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementMicronutrientSweetening Agents Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Anti-anemic AgentsHematinicsNutritional SupplementVitamin B Complex Pyridoxal에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementMicronutrientVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Smiles String Canonical
Aspartame에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 COC(=O)C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C(N)CC(O)=O Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 Not Available Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 Not Available Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 O.[Co++].CC(CNC(=O)CCC1(C)C(CC(N)=O)C2[N-]C1=C(C)C1=NC(=CC3=NC(=C(C)C4=NC2(C)C(C)(CC(N)=O)C4CCC(N)=O)C(C)(CC(N)=O)C3CCC(N)=O)C(C)(C)C1CCC(N)=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC1C(CO)OC(C1O)N1C=NC2=C1C=C(C)C(C)=C2 Pyridoxal에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O
Smiles String Isomeric
Aspartame에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 COC(=O)[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC(O)=O Calcium에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 Not Available Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 O.[Co++].C[C@H](CNC(=O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H](CC(N)=O)[C@H]2[N-]\C1=C(C)/C1=N/C(=C\C3=N\C(=C(C)/C4=N[C@]2(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]4CCC(N)=O)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]3CCC(N)=O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC(N)=O)O[P@]([O-])(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]([C@@H]1O)N1C=NC2=C1C=C(C)C(C)=C2 Pyridoxal에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O
InChI Identifier
Aspartame에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C14H18N2O5/c1-21-14(20)11(7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9)16-13(19)10(15)8-12(17)18/h2-6,10-11H,7-8,15H2,1H3,(H,16,19)(H,17,18)/f/h16-17H Calcium에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 Not Available Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C62H90N13O14P.Co.H2O/c1-29-20-39-40(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-39)57-52(84)53(41(27-76)87-57)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)18-19-59(8)37(22-46(66)80)56-62(11)61(10,25-48(68)82)36(14-17-45(65)79)51(74-62)33(5)55-60(9,24-47(67)81)34(12-15-43(63)77)38(71-55)23-42-58(6,7)35(13-16-44(64)78)50(72-42)32(4)54(59)73-56;;/h20-21,23,28,31,34-37,41,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,22,24-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;1H2/q;+2;/p-2/t31-,34-,35-,36-,37+,41-,52-,53-,56-,57+,59-,60+,61+,62+;;/m1../s1/fC62H88N13O14P.Co.H2O/h69H,63-68H2;;/q-2;m;/b42-23-,54-32-,55-33-;; Pyridoxal에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C8H9NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,4,10,12H,3H2,1H3
Chemical IUPAC Name
Aspartame에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 3-amino-4-[(1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Calcium에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Not Available Hydroxocobalamin에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 Hydroxocobalamin Pyridoxal에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde
사용자컨텐츠
항목
내용
최근정보수정일 2022-06-13
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