드러그인포 약품요약정보 - 기가아민주250ML

허가정보

항목

내용

청구코드(KD코드)
비급여점검코드
상한금액

[A01206381] [보험코드에 따른 약품기본정보 직접조회]
\0 원/250ml/병(2006.07.01)(현재약가)
\8,667 원/250ml/병(2005.03.01)(변경전약가)
[상병코드조회]
[질병코드조회]

빠른조회


요약정보	[효능] [용법] [금기] [신중투여] [이상반응]

상세정보	[효능] [용법] [경고] [금기] [신중투여] [이상반응] [일반주의] [상호작용] [임산부] [수유부] [소아] [고령자] [신장애환자] [간장애환자] [적용주의] [과량투여] [임상검사치] [보관] [기타]

제품성상

무색 투명한 액이 무색 투명한 병에 들어있는 수액용 고무마개를 한 주사제 [제형정보 확인]

포장·유통단위

1INFU

효능효과

[적응증 별 검색]

만성 간장해에 의한 뇌증의 개선

용법용량

* 절대 임의복용하지 마시고 반드시 의사 또는 약사와 상담하시기 바랍니다.

[처방약어]
[주성분코드:107114BIJ 에 따른 심사지침열람]
보통 성인은 1회 500ml를 점적 정주한다. 투여속도는 보통 성인 500ml의 경우 180분 이상을 기준으로 한다. 중심 정맥으로 투여하는 수액법을 이용하는 경우에는 이 약 50ml를 당질수액 등에 혼화하여 24시간 동안 중심정맥내에 지속적으로 주사한다.

[BMI지수 계산] [Body Surface Area 계산] [Cockcroft-Gault GFR 계산] [MDRD GFR 계산]

금기

간장해 이외의 아미노산 대사 이상이 있는 환자
중증의 신장해 환자, 고질소혈증 환자
질소이용을 저해하는 대사 장애환자
소모성 심부전증
폐수종
핍뇨증, 무뇨증환자
과나트륨혈증과 염소혈증 또는 알칼로시스환자

신중투여

고도의 아시도시스 환자
울혈성 심부전 환자
울혈성 심부전, 중증 신부전, 나트륨 저류로 인한 부종환자
신장애가 있는 환자
이 약에는 아황산수소나트륨이 함유되어 있는데 아황산 아나필락시스 증세와 같은 알레르기 형태의 반응을 일으킬 수 있으며 일부 감수성 환자에서는 생명을 위협할 정도 혹은 이보다 약한 천식발작을 일으킬 수 있다. 일반 사람에서의 아황산감수성에 대한 총괄적인 빈도는 알려지지 않았으나 낮은 것으로 보이며 아황산감수성은 비천식환자보다 빈번한 것으로 나타났다.

이상반응

과민증 : 드물게 발진등의 과민증상이 나타날 수 있으며, 이런 경우에는 투여를 중지한다.
소화기 : 때때로 구역, 구토 등의 증상이 나타날 수 있다.
순환기 : 때때로 흉부불쾌감, 심계항진, 빈맥, 혈압강하 등의 증상이 나타날 수 있다.
대량급속투여 : 대량급속 투여할 경우 아시도시스가 나타날 수 있고 또한 질소량의 과부하에 의해 일과성인 혈중 암모니아치의 상승이 나타날 수 있다
기 타 : 가끔 열감, 혈관통, 오한, 발열, 두통, 호흡곤란, 호흡정지, 쇽, 기관지 경축, 요로경축이 나타날 수 있다.
다음의 대사성 합병증이 나타난다는 보고가 있다. 대사성 아시도시스, 저인산염혈증, 알칼로시스, 고혈당증, 당뇨병, 삼투적 이뇨 및 탈수증, 반동성 저혈당, 간효소 상승, 비타민 결핍 및 비타민 과잉, 전해질 불균형, 소아 고암모니아혈증
신부전 환자는 BUN의 상승을 일으킬 수 있다.

[주요 이상반응정보]

상호작용

테트라싸이클린과 병용 투여시 수액 아미노산의 단백절약 효과를 감소시킬 수 있다.

Off-label Usage

[조회]

Related FDA Approved Drug

기준 성분:GLYCINE
AMINOACETIC ACID 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (GLYCINE)
GLYCINE 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (GLYCINE)

정보요약

드럭인포 의약품 요약/상세정보

코드 및 분류정보

항목	내용
BIT 약효분류	아미노산수액제 (Amino Acid Solutions)
ATC 코드	amino acids / B05BA01 [코드분류상세설명] [ATC코드예측]
복지부분류코드	114 (해열·진통·소염제 )
의약품 바코드정보	내용보기 8806023000544//병//1 단위/수량: 18806023000551//병//10 단위/수량: 10
주성분코드 분석 및 중복처방 검토	[주성분코드 분석 및 중복처방 검토]
Drugs By Indication	[전체보기]
Drugs By Classification	[전체보기]

제품정보

항목	내용
청구코드(KD코드) 비급여점검코드 상한금액	[A01206381] [보험코드에 따른 약품기본정보 직접조회] \0 원/250ml/병(2006.07.01)(최신약가) \8,667 원/250ml/병(2005.03.01)(변경전약가) [상병코드조회] [질병코드집 다운로드]
제품성상	무색 투명한 액이 무색 투명한 병에 들어있는 수액용 고무마개를 한 주사제 [제형정보 확인]
포장·유통단위	1INFU
동일주성분코드 검색순위	유료정보입니다.

복약정보

항목

내용

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약리작용

유료정보입니다.

복약지도

유료정보입니다.

임부에대한투여

*	전체임신 기간별로 여러등급이 존재할 수 있으며 가장 위험도가 높은 정보만 보여집니다. 단, 복합제의 경우 모든 복합제성분에 대한 임부투여등급이 표시된것은 절대 아니며 표시된것중에 가장 위험도가 높은 정보만 나타납니다.

FDA : C등급

*	상기 임부투여에 대한 정보는 전산처리 되면서 입력 오류 가능성이 존재합니다. 오류 가능성을 최소화하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울이고 있으나, 그 정확성에 대하여 확신을 드릴 수 없습니다. 이에 대해 회사는 책임을 지지 않습니다.
*	반드시 공신력 있는 문헌을 다시 한번 참고 하시기 바라며 의사 또는 약사의 판단에 따라 투여여부가 결정되어야 합니다.

Pharmacokinetics

유료정보입니다.

병용금기 및 연령대금기 근거조회

[병용금기 및 연령대금기 근거조회]

보관상 주의

조제시 주의

심사정보

항목	내용
DUR 관련 고시	[병용연령금기 의약품 / 임부금기 의약품 / 비용효과적 함량 의약품 / 안전성 관련 급여중지 의약품]

학술정보

항목	내용
DUR (의약품사용평가)	병용금기 : 고시된 병용금기 내용은 없습니다. [상호작용/병용금기검색] 연령대금기 : 고시된 연령금기 내용은 없습니다. [연령대금기상세검색]
Mechanism of Action	Glycine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 In the CNS, there exist strychnine-sensitive glycine binding sites as well as strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites. The strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site is located on the NMDA receptor complex. The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor complex is comprised of a chloride channel and is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. The putative antispastic activity of supplemental glycine could be mediated by glycine's binding to strychnine-sensitive binding sites in the spinal cord. This would result in increased chloride conductance and consequent enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission. The ability of glycine to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission raised the possibility of its use in the management of neuroleptic-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Animal studies indicate that supplemental glycine protects against endotoxin-induced lethality, hypoxia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation, and D-galactosamine-mediated liver injury. Neutrophils are thought to participate in these pathologic processes via invasion of tissue and releasing such reactive oxygen species as superoxide. In vitro studies have shown that neutrophils contain a glycine-gated chloride channel that can attenuate increases in intracellular calcium and diminsh neutrophil oxidant production. This research is ealy-stage, but suggests that supplementary glycine may turn out to be useful in processes where neutrophil infiltration contributes to toxicity, such as ARDS. L-alanine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. BCAAs are used as a source of energy for muscle cells. During prolonged exercise, BCAAs are released from skeletal muscles and their carbon backbones are used as fuel, while their nitrogen portion is used to form another amino acid, Alanine. Alanine is then converted to Glucose by the liver. This form of energy production is called the Alanine-Glucose cycle, and it plays a major role in maintaining the body's blood sugar balance. L-arginine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Many of supplemental L-arginine's activities, including its possible anti-atherogenic actions, may be accounted for by its role as the precursor to nitric oxide or NO. NO is produced by all tissues of the body and plays very important roles in the cardiovascular system, immune system and nervous system. NO is formed from L-arginine via the enzyme nitric oxide synthase or synthetase (NOS), and the effects of NO are mainly mediated by 3,'5' -cyclic guanylate or cyclic GMP. NO activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase, which catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic GMP from guanosine triphosphate or GTP. Cyclic GMP is converted to guanylic acid via the enzyme cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. NOS is a heme-containing enzyme with some sequences similar to cytochrome P-450 reductase. Several isoforms of NOS exist, two of which are constitutive and one of which is inducible by immunological stimuli. The constitutive NOS found in the vascular endothelium is designated eNOS and that present in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system is designated nNOS. The form of NOS induced by immunological or inflammatory stimuli is known as iNOS. iNOS may be expressed constitutively in select tissues such as lung epithelium. All the nitric oxide synthases use NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and oxygen (O2) as cosubstrates, as well as the cofactors FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FMN (flavin mononucleotide), tetrahydrobiopterin and heme. Interestingly, ascorbic acid appears to enhance NOS activity by increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin. eNOS and nNOS synthesize NO in response to an increased concentration of calcium ions or in some cases in response to calcium-independent stimuli, such as shear stress. In vitro studies of NOS indicate that the Km of the enzyme for L-arginine is in the micromolar range. The concentration of L-arginine in endothelial cells, as well as in other cells, and in plasma is in the millimolar range. What this means is that, under physiological conditions, NOS is saturated with its L-arginine substrate. In other words, L-arginine would not be expected to be rate-limiting for the enzyme, and it would not appear that supraphysiological levels of L-arginine which could occur with oral supplementation of the amino acid^would make any difference with regard to NO production. The reaction would appear to have reached its maximum level. However, in vivo studies have demonstrated that, under certain conditions, e.g. hypercholesterolemia, supplemental L-arginine could enhance endothelial-dependent vasodilation and NO production. L-cysteine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Although classified as a non-essential amino acid cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine can usually be synthesized by the human body under normal physiological conditions if a sufficient quantity of methionine is available. Due to the ability of thiols to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine's antioxidant properties are typically expressed in the tripeptide glutathione, which occurs in humans as well as other organisms. The systemic availability of oral glutathione (GSH) is negligible; so it must be biosynthesized from its constituent amino acids, cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid. Glutamic acid and glycine are readily available in the diets of most industrialized countries, but the availability of cysteine can be the limiting substrate. Cysteine is also an important source of sulfide in human metabolism. The sulfide in iron-sulfur clusters and in nitrogenase is extracted from cysteine, which is converted to alanine in the process. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, cysteine is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Its use or purpose, however, is unknown, like most cigarette additives. Its inclusion in cigarettes could offer two benefits: Acting as an expectorant, since smoking increases mucus production in the lungs; and increasing the beneficial antioxidant glutathione (which is diminished in smokers). L-histidine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Since the actions of supplemental L-histidine are unclear, any postulated mechanism is entirely speculative. However, some facts are known about L-histidine and some of its metabolites, such as histamine and trans-urocanic acid, which suggest that supplemental L-histidine may one day be shown to have immunomodulatory and/or antioxidant activities. Low free histidine has been found in the serum of some rheumatoid arthritis patients. Serum concentrations of other amino acids have been found to be normal in these patients. L-histidine is an excellent chelating agent for such metals as copper, iron and zinc. Copper and iron participate in a reaction (Fenton reaction) that generates potent reactive oxygen species that could be destructive to tissues, including joints. L-histidine is the obligate precursor of histamine, which is produced via the decarboxylation of the amino acid. In experimental animals, tissue histamine levels increase as the amount of dietary L-histidine increases. It is likely that this would be the case in humans as well. Histamine is known to possess immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity. Suppressor T cells have H2 receptors, and histamine activates them. Promotion of suppressor T cell activity could be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis. Further, histamine has been shown to down-regulate the production of reactive oxygen species in phagocytic cells, such as monocytes, by binding to the H2 receptors on these cells. Decreased reactive oxygen species production by phagocytes could play antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles in such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis. This latter mechanism is the rationale for the use of histamine itself in several clinical trials studying histamine for the treatment of certain types of cancer and viral diseases. In these trials, down-regulation by histamine of reactive oxygen species formation appears to inhibit the suppression of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, allowing these cells to be more effective in attacking cancer cells and virally infected cells. L-leucine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates. The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic. There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS. L-lysine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Proteins of the herpes simplex virus are rich in L-arginine, and tissue culture studies indicate an enhancing effect on viral replication when the amino acid ratio of L-arginine to L-lysine is high in the tissue culture media. When the ratio of L-lysine to L-arginine is high, viral replication and the cytopathogenicity of herpes simplex virus have been found to be inhibited. L-lysine may facilitate the absorption of calcium from the small intestine. L-methionine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 The mechanism of the possible anti-hepatotoxic activity of L-methionine is not entirely clear. It is thought that metabolism of high doses of acetaminophen in the liver lead to decreased levels of hepatic glutathione and increased oxidative stress. L-methionine is a precursor to L-cysteine. L-cysteine itself may have antioxidant activity. L-cysteine is also a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione. Antioxidant activity of L-methionine and metabolites of L-methionine appear to account for its possible anti-hepatotoxic activity. Recent research suggests that methionine itself has free-radical scavenging activity by virtue of its sulfur, as well as its chelating ability. L-phenylalanine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 The mechanism of L-phenylalanine's putative antidepressant activity may be accounted for by its precursor role in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Elevated brain norepinephrine and dopamine levels are thought to be associated with antidepressant effects. The mechanism of L-phenylalanine's possible antivitiligo activity is not well understood. It is thought that L-phenylalanine may stimulate the production of melanin in the affected skin L-proline에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Glycogenic, by L-Proline oxidase in the kidney, it is ring-opened and is oxidized to form L-Glutamic acid. L-Ornithine and L-Glutamic acid are converted to L-Proline via L-Glutamic acid-gamma-semialdehyde. It is contained abundantly in collagen, and is intimately involved in the function of arthrosis and chordae. L-serine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 L-Serine plays a role in cell growth and development (cellular proliferation). The conversion of L-serine to glycine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase results in the formation of the one-carbon units necessary for the synthesis of the purine bases, adenine and guanine. These bases when linked to the phosphate ester of pentose sugars are essential components of DNA and RNA and the end products of energy producing metabolic pathways, ATP and GTP. In addition, L-serine conversion to glycine via this same enzyme provides the one-carbon units necessary for production of the pyrimidine nucleotide, deoxythymidine monophosphate, also an essential component of DNA. L-threonine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 L-Threonine is a precursor to the amino acids glycine and serine. It acts as a lipotropic in controlling fat build-up in the liver. May help combat mental illness and may be very useful in indigestion and intestinal malfunctions. Also, threonine prevents excessive liver fat. Nutrients are more readily absorbed when threonine is present.
Pharmacology	Glycine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Helps trigger the release of oxygen to the energy requiring cell-making process; Important in the manufacturing of hormones responsible for a strong immune system. L-alanine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Is an important source of energy for muscle tissue, the brain and central nervous system; strengthens the immune system by producing antibodies; helps in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids. L-arginine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Studies have shown that is has improved immune responses to bacteria, viruses and tumor cells; promotes wound healing and regeneration of the liver; causes the release of growth hormones; considered crucial for optimal muscle growth and tissue repair. L-cysteine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Due to this ability to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine is an important source of sulfur in human metabolism, and although it is classified as a non-essential amino acid, cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine may at some point be recognized as an essential or conditionally essential amino acid. L-histidine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Is found abundantly in hemoglobin; has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, allergic diseases, ulcers and anemia. A deficiency can cause poor hearing. L-leucine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 An essential amino acid. (Claim) Leucine helps with the regulation of blood-sugar levels, the growth and repair of muscle tissue (such as bones, skin and muscles), growth hormone production, wound healing as well as energy regulation. It can assist to prevent the breakdown of muscle proteins that sometimes occur after trauma or severe stress. It may also be beneficial for individuals with phenylketonuria - a condition in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine L-lysine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Insures the adequate absorption of calcium; helps form collagen ( which makes up bone cartilage & connective tissues); aids in the production of antibodies, hormones & enzymes. Recent studies have shown that Lysine may be effective against herpes by improving the balance of nutrients that reduce viral growth. A deficiency may result in tiredness, inability to concentrate, irritability, bloodshot eyes, retarded growth, hair loss, anemia & reproductive problems. L-methionine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 L-Methionine is a principle supplier of sulfur which prevents disorders of the hair, skin and nails; helps lower cholesterol levels by increasing the liver's production of lecithin; reduces liver fat and protects the kidneys; a natural chelating agent for heavy metals; regulates the formation of ammonia and creates ammonia-free urine which reduces bladder irritation; influences hair follicles and promotes hair growth. L-methionine may protect against the toxic effects of hepatotoxins, such as acetaminophen. Methionine may have antioxidant activity. L-phenylalanine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Used by the brain to produce Norepinephrine, a chemical that transmits signals between nerve cells and the brain; keeps you awake and alert; reduces hunger pains; functions as an antidepressant and helps improve memory. L-proline에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 L-Proline is a major amino acid found in cartilage and is important for maintaining youthful skin as well as repair of muscle, connective tissue and skin damage. It is also essential for the immune system, and for necessary balance of this formula. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. L-Proline is extremely important for the proper functioning of joints and tendons. Helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. L-serine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Serine is classified as a nutritionally non-essential amino acid. Serine is critical for the production of the body's proteins, enzymes and muscle tissue. Serine is needed for the proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids. It also helps in the production of antibodies. Serine is used as a natural moisturizing agent in some cosmetics and skin care products. The main source of essential amino acids is from the diet, non-essential amino acids are normally synthesize by humans and other mammals from common intermediates. L-threonine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 L-Threonine is an essential amino acid that helps to maintain the proper protein balance in the body. It is important for the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel, and aids liver and lipotropic function when combined with aspartic acid and methionine.
Metabolism	L-cysteine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available L-histidine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available L-lysine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available L-methionine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Glutamine SynthetaseMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase L-proline에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Proline oxidase
Absorption	Glycine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the small intestine via an active transport mechanism. L-arginine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes. Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism. L-histidine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the small intestine via an active transport mechanism requiring the presence of sodium. L-lysine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes by an active transport process L-methionine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes by an active transport process. L-phenylalanine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium dependent active transport process.
Pharmacokinetics	Aminoacetic Acid(Glycine)의 약물동력학자료 대사 : Glycine은 단백, creatinine, glycocholic acid, glutathione, uric acid, heme 등의 합성에 관여한다. 체내에서의 분해는 여러단계로 이루어지며 주된 경로는 가역적인 산화적 분해이다. Serine이 정상적인 분해산물이다. 혈장 반감기 : 85분 L-arginine의 약물동력학자료 최고 혈중농도 도달 : 경구 : 2시간 최대 효과 발현 : 당뇨 진단 : 정맥주사 : 20-45 분 혈당의 최고 상승은 20분 후에 나타나며, 인슐린의 최대 상승은 20-30 분 후에 나타나며 glucagon은 30-45 분 후에 나타난다. 성장호르몬 보유 진단 : 정맥주사 : 1-2 시간 Arginine 30 g을 30분간 정맥주사 후 성장호르몬의 최대 상승이 약 1-2 시간 후에 나타난다. 작용 지속 시간 : 정맥주사 : 1시간 흡수 : 위장관에서 잘 흡수됨 대사 : 간에서 arginase에 의해 guanidino group이 가수분해되어 urea와 ornithine을 생성한다. Ornithine은 궁극적으로 glucose 생성에 이용된다. 소실 : 신장 : 사구체로 여과되고 신세뇨관으로 재흡수된다. 반감기 : 1.2-2 시간 L-methionine의 약물동력학자료 대사 : S-adenosylmethionine을 거쳐 homocysteine으로 전환된다. 그 후 80%가 cystathione, cysteine, taurine, inorganic sulphate로 점차로 대사된다.
Biotransformation	Glycine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-arginine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Some metabolism of L-arginine takes place in the enterocytes. L-arginine not metabolized in the enterocytes enters the portal circulation from whence it is transported to the liver, where again some portion of the amino acid is metabolized. L-cysteine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Not Available L-lysine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-methionine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-phenylalanine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic. L-phenylalanine that is not metabolized in the liver is distributed via the systemic circulation to the various tissues of the body, where it undergoes metabolic reactions similar to those that take place in the liver. L-proline에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-threonine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic
Toxicity	Glycine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 ORL-RAT LD₅₀ 7930 mg/kg, SCU-RAT LD₅₀ 5200 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD₅₀ 2600 mg/kg, ORL-MUS LD₅₀ 4920 mg/kg; Doses of 1 gram daily are very well tolerated. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms are infrequently noted. In one study doses of 90 grams daily were also well tole. L-arginine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Oral supplementation with L-arginine at doses up to 15 grams daily are generally well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions of higher doses from 15 to 30 grams daily are nausea, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Some may experience these symptoms at lower doses. L-cysteine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available L-histidine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 ORL-RAT LD₅₀ > 15000 mg/kg, IPR-RAT LD₅₀ > 8000 mg/kg, ORL-MUS LD₅₀ > 15000 mg/kg, IVN-MUS LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg; Mild gastrointestinal side effects. L-lysine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available L-methionine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Doses of L-methionine of up to 250 mg daily are generally well tolerated. Higher doses may cause nausea, vomiting and headache. Healthy adults taking 8 grams of L-methionine daily for four days were found to have reduced serum folate levels and leucocytosis. Healthy adults taking 13.9 grams of L-methionine daily for five days were found to have changes in serum pH and potassium and increased urinary calcium excretion. Schizophrenic patients given 10 to 20 grams of L-methionine daily for two weeks developed functional psychoses. Single doses of 8 grams precipitated encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. L-phenylalanine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 L-phenylalanine will exacerbate symptoms of phenylketonuria if used by phenylketonurics. L-phenylalanine was reported to exacerbate tardive dyskinesia when used by some with schizophrenia. L-proline에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available
Drug Interactions	Glycine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-arginine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-cysteine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-histidine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-lysine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-methionine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-phenylalanine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-proline에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available
CYP450 Drug Interaction	[CYP450 Table직접조회]
Food Interaction	L-methionine에 대한 Food Interaction 정보 Take with food.
Drug Target	[Drug Target]
Description	Glycine에 대한 Description 정보 A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. [PubChem] L-alanine에 대한 Description 정보 A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. [PubChem] L-arginine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [PubChem] L-cysteine에 대한 Description 정보 A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form cystine. [PubChem] L-histidine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential amino acid that is required for the production of histamine. [PubChem] L-leucine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. [PubChem] L-lysine에 대한 Description 정보 L-Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K)[1] is an 慣-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2. This amino acid is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it. Its codons are AAA and AAG.L-Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine. The 琯-amino group often participates in hydrogen bonding and as a general base in catalysis. Common posttranslational modifications include methylation of the 琯-amino group, giving methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine. The latter occurs in calmodulin. Other posttranslational modifications include acetylation. Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine by lysyl hydroxylase. O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell. L-methionine에 대한 Description 정보 A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating agent for heavy metals. [PubChem] L-phenylalanine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of melanin; dopamine; noradrenalin (norepinephrine), and thyroxine. [PubChem] L-proline에 대한 Description 정보 A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. [PubChem] L-serine에 대한 Description 정보 A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from glycine or threonine. It is involved in the biosynthesis of purines; pyrimidines; and other amino acids. [PubChem] L-threonine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins. [PubChem]
Dosage Form	Glycine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid IrrigationSolution Intraperitoneal L-alanine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available L-arginine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid Intravenous L-cysteine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available L-histidine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralPowder OralTablet Oral L-leucine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralPowder OralTablet Oral L-lysine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available L-methionine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralPowder OralTablet OralTablet Oral
Drug Category	Glycine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementGlycine AgentsMicronutrientNon-Essential Amino Acids L-alanine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementMicronutrientNon-Essential Amino Acids L-arginine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Conditionally Essential Amino AcidsDietary supplementMicronutrient L-cysteine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementNutritional Supplement L-histidine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Conditionally Essential Amino AcidsDietary supplementMicronutrient L-leucine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-lysine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-methionine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-phenylalanine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-proline에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementMicronutrientNon-Essential Amino Acids L-serine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementMicronutrientNon-Essential Amino Acids L-threonine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient
Smiles String Canonical	Glycine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NCC(O)=O L-alanine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(N)C(O)=O L-arginine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O L-cysteine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CS)C(O)=O L-histidine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CC1=CN=CN1)C(O)=O L-leucine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O L-lysine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O L-methionine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CSCCC(N)C(O)=O L-phenylalanine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O L-proline에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 OC(=O)C1CCCN1 L-serine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CO)C(O)=O L-threonine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O
Smiles String Isomeric	Glycine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 NCC(O)=O L-alanine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 C[C@H](N)C(O)=O L-arginine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CCC\N=C(\N)N)C(O)=O L-cysteine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O L-histidine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(O)=O L-leucine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC(C)C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O L-lysine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O L-methionine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O L-phenylalanine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O L-proline에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 L-serine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O L-threonine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier	Glycine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)/f/h4H L-alanine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1/f/h5H L-arginine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H14N4O2/c7-4(5(11)12)2-1-3-10-6(8)9/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,11,12)(H4,8,9,10)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h11H,8-9H2 L-cysteine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1/f/h5H L-histidine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H9N3O2/c7-5(6(10)11)1-4-2-8-3-9-4/h2-3,5H,1,7H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1/f/h9-10H L-leucine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/f/h8H L-lysine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/t5-/m0/s1/f/h9H L-methionine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h7H L-phenylalanine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)/t8-/m0/s1/f/h11H L-proline에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C5H9NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h7H L-serine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1/f/h6H L-threonine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1/f/h7H
Chemical IUPAC Name	Glycine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 2-aminoacetic acid L-alanine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid L-arginine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid L-cysteine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid L-histidine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid L-leucine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid L-lysine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid L-methionine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid L-phenylalanine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid L-proline에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid L-serine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid L-threonine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins	LYSINE 의 Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Protein정보 Replated Protein:Tamm-Horsfall protein Drug:Lysine Toxicity:persisting acute renal failure . [바로가기] METHIONINE 의 Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Protein정보 Replated Protein:NMDA receptor-regulated protein Drug:methionine Toxicity:cerebrovascular disease. [바로가기] Replated Protein:Cystathionine beta-synthase Drug:methionine Toxicity:lipoprotein peroxidation and platelet aggregation. [바로가기] Replated Protein:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Drug:methionine Toxicity:lipoprotein peroxidation and platelet aggregation. [바로가기]

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