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    º´¿ë±Ý±â :
     
	 °í½ÃµÈ º´¿ë±Ý±â ³»¿ëÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
	 
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    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Etoposide inhibits DNA topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis at the premitotic stage of cell division. Etoposide is cell cycle dependent and phase specific, affecting mainly the S and G2 phases of cell division. 
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       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Etoposide is an antineoplastic agent and an epipodophyllotoxin (a semisynthetic derivative of the podophyllotoxins). It inhibits DNA topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. Etoposide is cell cycle dependent and phase specific, affecting mainly the S and G2 phases. Two different dose-dependent responses are seen. At high concentrations (10 µg/mL or more), lysis of cells entering mitosis is observed. At low concentrations (0.3 to 10 µg/mL), cells are inhibited from entering prophase. It does not interfere with microtubular assembly. The predominant macromolecular effect of etoposide appears to be the induction of DNA strand breaks by an interaction with DNA-topoisomerase II or the formation of free radicals. 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 97% 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 4-12 hours 
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    | Absorption | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorbed well, time to peak plasma concentration is 1-1.5 hrs. Mean bioavailability is 50%. 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       EtoposideÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
-  Èí¼ö : 
etoposide capsule : 50% (25-75 %) ; 200 mg ÀÌ»óÀÇ °í¿ë·®¿¡¼ ÇöÀúÈ÷ °¨¼Ò 
	 etoposide phosphate : 68% (36-112 %) 
	 À½½Ä¹° : ¿µÇâ¾øÀ½
  
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 -  ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : 97% 
 
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	 ÃÑ Å¬¸®¾î·±½º : 16-36  mL/min/m2 
	 Æò±Õ ½ÅŬ¸®¾î·±½º : 7-10 mL/min/m2  
  
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic (through O-demethylation via the CYP450 3A4 isoenzyme pathway) with 40% excreted unchanged in the urine. 
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    | Toxicity | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Side effects include alopecia, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting and secondary malignancies (leukemia). 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Aprepitant	Aprepitant may change levels of chemotherapy agentCyclosporine	Cyclosporine increases the effect of etoposideQuinupristin	This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided throughout treatment as grapefruit can decrease serum levels of this product. 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [PubChem] 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicNucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ COC1=CC(=CC(OC)=C1O)C1C2C(COC2=O)C(OC2OC3COC(C)OC3C(O)C2O)C2=CC3=C(OCO3)C=C12 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ COC1=CC(=CC(OC)=C1O)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H](COC2=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H]3CO[C@@H](C)O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)C2=CC3=C(OCO3)C=C12 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C29H32O13/c1-11-36-9-20-27(40-11)24(31)25(32)29(41-20)42-26-14-7-17-16(38-10-39-17)6-13(14)21(22-15(26)8-37-28(22)33)12-4-18(34-2)23(30)19(5-12)35-3/h4-7,11,15,20-22,24-27,29-32H,8-10H2,1-3H3/t11-,15+,20-,21-,22+,24-,25-,26-,27-,29+/m1/s1 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Etoposide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin 9-[4,6-O-(R)-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside], 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate) 
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    | Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins | 
    
      ETOPOSIDE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:p44-extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase 2 Drug:etoposide Toxicity:apoptotic cell death and DNA damage.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Mitogen-activated protein kinase p42 Drug:etoposide Toxicity:apoptotic cell death and DNA damage.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:SAPK enzymes p46 Drug:etoposide Toxicity:apoptotic cell death and DNA damage.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha Drug:etoposide Toxicity:DNA damage and cell death.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:DNA topoisomerase 2 Drug:etoposide  Toxicity:apoptosis.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] ETOPOSIDE (VP16) ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Caspase-8  Drug:etoposide (VP16) Toxicity:cell death.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:B-cell receptor-associated protein 31(BAP31) Drug:etoposide (VP16) Toxicity:cell death.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Caspase-8  Drug:etoposide (VP16) Toxicity:cell death.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Caspase-3  Drug:etoposide (VP16) Toxicity:cell death.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] ETOPOSIDE (VP-16) ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Drug:etoposide (VP-16) Toxicity:cytotoxicity.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase Drug:etoposide (VP-16) Toxicity:etoposide (VP-16)-induced DNA recombination .  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Drug:etoposide (VP-16) Toxicity:VP-16-induced genetic recombination, mutation, and cytotoxicity.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] 
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