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                    Æ®¸®³ª¸°½Ã·´  TRINARIN SYR[Azatadine maleate , Pseudoephedrine sulfate]  
                    
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[Drugbank ÀÇ ¼ººÐÁ¤º¸¿¶÷] [Azatadine][Pseudoephedrine]
      
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  Ãâó: ±¹¸³µ¶¼º°úÇпø µ¶¼º¹°ÁúÁ¤º¸DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do  | 
   
  
   
    | Mechanism of Action | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Antihistamines such as azatadine appear to compete with histamine for histamine H1- receptor sites on effector cells. The antihistamines antagonize those pharmacological effects of histamine which are mediated through activation of H1- receptor sites and thereby reduce the intensity of allergic reactions and tissue injury response involving histamine release.
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Pseudoephedrine acts directly on both alpha- and, to a lesser degree, beta-adrenergic receptors. Through direct action on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract, pseudoephedrine produces vasoconstriction. Pseudoephedrine relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2-adrenergic receptors. Like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites, an indirect effect. 
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    | Pharmacology | 
     
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Azatadine is an antihistamine, related to cyproheptadine, with anti-serotonin, anticholinergic (drying), and sedative effects. Azatadine is in the same class of drugs as chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and trifluoperazine (Stelazine); however, unlike the other drugs in this class, azatadine is not used clinically as an anti-psychotic. Antihistamines antagonize the vasodilator effect of endogenously released histamine, especially in small vessels, and mitigate the effect of histamine which results in increased capillary permeability and edema formation. As consequences of these actions, antihistamines antagonize the physiological manifestations of histamine release in the nose following antigen-antibody interaction, such as congestion related to vascular engorgement, mucosal edema, and profuse, watery secretion, and irritation and sneezing resulting from histamine action on afferent nerve terminals.
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic agent, structurally similar to ephedrine, used to relieve nasal and sinus congestion and reduce air-travel-related otalgia in adults. The salts pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine sulfate are found in many over-the-counter preparations either as single-ingredient preparations, or more commonly in combination with antihistamines and/or paracetamol/ibuprofen. Unlike antihistamines, which modify the systemic histamine-mediated allergic response, pseudoephedrine only serves to relieve nasal congestion commonly associated with colds or allergies. The advantage of oral pseudoephedrine over topical nasal preparations, such as oxymetazoline, is that it does not cause rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa). 
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    | Metabolism | 
    
       Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) 
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    | Protein Binding | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Pseudoephedrine does not bind to human plasma proteins over the concentration range of 50 to 2000 ng/mL 
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    | Half-life | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 9-16 hours 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Absorption | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Well absorbed after oral administration.
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Pseudoephedrine is readily and almost completely absorbed from the GI tract and there is no evidence of first-pass metabolism. 
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    | Pharmacokinetics | 
    
       Azatadine maleateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á 
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 - ¼Ò½Ç : Åõ¿©·®ÀÇ 70-90%°¡ ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î, 1-6%°¡ norpseudoephedrineÀ¸·Î ¼Òº¯À¸·Î ¹è¼³µÊ. ½Å¹è¼³Àº ´¢ pH¿Í ´¢·®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¯ÈµÇ¸ç ¾ËÄ®¸®´¢´Â pseudoephedrineÀÇ ½Å¹è¼³À» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ´.
  
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    | Biotransformation | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic.
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. 
     | 
   
  
   
    | Toxicity | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ The oral LD50 in mature rats and mice was greater than 1700 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, respectively. Symptoms of overdose include clumsiness or unsteadiness, seizures, severe drowsiness, flushing or redness of face, hallucinations, muscle spasms (especially of neck and back), restlessness, shortness of breath, shuffling walk, tic-like (jerky) movements of head and face, trembling and shaking of hands, and insomnia.
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Common adverse reactions include nervousness, restlessness, and insomnia. Rare adverse reactions include difficult/painful urination, dizziness/lightheadedness, heart palpitations, headache, increased sweating, nausea/vomiting, trembling, troubled breathing, unusual paleness, and weakness. 
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    | Drug Interactions | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Donepezil	Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine	Possible antagonism of actionRivastigmine	Possible antagonism of action
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Alseroxylon	Increased arterial pressureIsocarboxazid	Increased arterial pressureLinezolid	Possible increase of arterial pressureMethyldopa	Increased arterial pressureBromocriptine	The sympathomimetic increases the toxicity of bromocriptineTranylcypromine	Increased arterial pressureMidodrine	Increased arterial pressureMoclobemide	Moclobemide increases the sympathomimetic effectPargyline	Increased arterial pressurePhenelzine	Increased arterial pressureRasagiline	Increased arterial pressureReserpine	Increased arterial pressureTrimipramine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectProtriptyline	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectNortriptyline	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectAmitriptyline	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectAmoxapine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectClomipramine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectImipramine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectDesipramine	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectDoxepin	The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effectDeserpidine	Increased arterial pressureGuanethidine	The agent decreases the effect of guanethidine 
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    CYP450  Drug Interaction | 
    
      [CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] 
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    | Food Interaction | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take with food to reduce irritation.Avoid alcohol.
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take without regard to meals. 
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    | Drug Target | 
    
      
      [Drug Target]
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    | Description | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Antihistamines such as azatadine appear to compete with histamine for histamine H1- receptor sites on effector cells. The antihistamines antagonize those pharmacological effects of histamine which are mediated through activation of H1- receptor sites and thereby reduce the intensity of allergic reactions and tissue injury response involving histamine release.
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists. [PubChem] 
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    | Dosage Form | 
    
       Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Liquid	OralSyrup	OralTablet	OralTablet, extended release	Oral 
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    | Drug Category | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Histamine H1 Antagonists
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Adrenergic AgentsBronchodilator AgentsCentral Nervous System AgentsNasal DecongestantsSympathomimeticsVasoconstrictor Agents 
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    | Smiles String Canonical | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CN1CCC(CC1)=C1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC2=C1N=CC=C2
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 
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    | Smiles String Isomeric | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CN1CC\C(CC1)=C1/C2=CC=CC=C2CCC2=C1N=CC=C2
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 
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    | InChI Identifier | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C20H22N2/c1-22-13-10-16(11-14-22)19-18-7-3-2-5-15(18)8-9-17-6-4-12-21-20(17)19/h2-7,12H,8-11,13-14H2,1H3
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C10H15NO/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3/t8-,10+/m0/s1 
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    | Chemical IUPAC Name | 
    
       Azatadine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
  Pseudoephedrine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ (1S,2S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol 
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    | Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins | 
    
      MALEATE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Intercellular adhesion molecule 1  Drug:maleate Toxicity:hepatic injury.  [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] 
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