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8806433008208 |
| BIT ¾àÈ¿ºÐ·ù |
Á¾ÇÕ°¨±â¾à(Drugs to Relieve Common Cold)
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| ATC ÄÚµå |
Opium derivatives and expectorants / R05FA02
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| º¹ÁöºÎºÐ·ùÄÚµå |
114 (ÇØ¿¡¤ÁøÅ롤¼Ò¿°Á¦ )
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| Drugs By Indication |
[Àüüº¸±â]
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| Drugs By Classification |
[Àüüº¸±â]
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| Mechanism of Action |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2, enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Unlike NSAIDs, acetaminophen does not inhibit cyclooxygenase in peripheral tissues and, thus, has no peripheral anti-inflammatory affects. While aspirin acts as an irreversible inhibitor of COX and directly blocks the enzyme's active site, studies have found that acetaminophen indirectly blocks COX, and that this blockade is ineffective in the presence of peroxides. This might explain why acetaminophen is effective in the central nervous system and in endothelial cells but not in platelets and immune cells which have high levels of peroxides. Studies also report data suggesting that acetaminophen selectively blocks a variant of the COX enzyme that is different from the known variants COX-1 and COX-2. This enzyme is now referred to as COX-3. Its exact mechanism of action is still poorly understood, but future research may provide further insight into how it works.
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3¡Ç,5¡Ç-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. It is now thought that xanthines such as caffeine act as agonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake.
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Chlorpheniramine binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine.
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Dextromethorphan is an opioid-like drug that binds to and acts as antagonist to the NMDA glutamatergic receptor, it is an agonist to the opioid sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors, it is also an alpha3/beta4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and targets the serotonin reuptake pump. Dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, where it enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood-brain barrier. The first-pass through the hepatic portal vein results in some of the drug being metabolized into an active metabolite of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, the 3-hydroxy derivative of dextromethorphan.
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential?”a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.
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| Pharmacology |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Acetaminophen (USAN) or Paracetamol (INN) is a popular analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. It is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu medications and many prescription analgesics. It is extremely safe in standard doses, but because of its wide availability, deliberate or accidental overdoses are not uncommon. Acetaminophen, unlike other common analgesics such as aspirin and ibuprofen, has no anti-inflammatory properties or effects on platelet function, and so it is not a member of the class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs. In normal doses acetaminophen does not irritate the lining of the stomach nor affect blood coagulation, the kidneys, or the fetal ductus arteriosus (as NSAIDs can). Like NSAIDs and unlike opioid analgesics, acetaminophen does not cause euphoria or alter mood in any way. Acetaminophen and NSAIDs have the benefit of being completely free of problems with addiction, dependence, tolerance and withdrawal. Acetaminophen is used on its own or in combination with pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, codeine, hydrocodone, or oxycodone.
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Caffeine, a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline, is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates with apnea of prematurity). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other headache types. Over the counter, caffeine is available to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain.
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Chlorpheniramine, is a histamine H1 antagonist (or more correctly, an inverse histamine agonist) of the alkylamine class. It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Dextromethorphan suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used antitussives, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Metabolism |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 11B2 (CYP11B2)
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| Protein Binding |
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Low (25 to 36%).
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 72%
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| Half-life |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 1 to 4 hours
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonates
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 21-27 hours
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 3-6 hours
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| Absorption |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Rapid and almost complete
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration. The peak plasma level for caffeine range from 6-10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours.
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Biotransformation |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Approximately 90 to 95% of a dose is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 enzyme pathways (primarily by conjugation with glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, and cysteine). An intermediate metabolite is hepatotoxic and most likely nephrotoxic and can accumulate after the primary metabolic pathways have been saturated.
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP 1A2) is involved in caffeine biotransformation. About 80% of a dose of caffeine is metabolized to paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine), 10% to theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and 4% to theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine).
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Primarily hepatic via Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes.
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic. Rapidly and extensively metabolized to dextrorphan (active metabolite). One well known metabolic catalyst involved is a specific cytochrome P450 enzyme known as 2D6, or CYP2D6.
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| Toxicity |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral, mouse: LD50 = 338 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1944 mg/kg. Acetaminophen is metabolized primarily in the liver, where most of it is converted to inactive compounds by conjugation with sulfate and glucuronide, and then excreted by the kidneys. Only a small portion is metabolized via the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The toxic effects of acetaminophen are due to a minor alkylating metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine), not acetaminophen itself nor any of the major metabolites. This toxic metabolite reacts with sulfhydryl groups. At usual doses, it is quickly detoxified by combining irreversibly with the sulfhydryl group of glutathione to produce a non-toxic conjugate that is eventually excreted by the kidneys. The toxic dose of paracetamol is highly variable. In adults, single doses above 10 grams or 140 mg/kg have a reasonable likelihood of causing toxicity. In adults, single doses of more than 25 grams have a high risk of lethality.
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50=127 mg/kg (orally in mice)
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ LD50 = 306 mg/kg in humans, mild reproductive toxin to women of childbearing age.
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Drug Interactions |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Anisindione Acetaminophen increases the anticoagulant effectWarfarin Acetaminophen increases the anticoagulant effectImatinib Increased hepatic toxicity of both agentsIsoniazid Risk of hepatotoxicityDicumarol Acetaminophen increases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol Increases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol Increases the anticoagulant effect
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Donepezil Possible antagonism of actionGalantamine Possible antagonism of actionRivastigmine Possible antagonism of actionEthotoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinFosphenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinMephenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoinPhenytoin The antihistamine increases the effect of hydantoin
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Dihydroquinidine barbiturate Quinidine increases the toxicity of dextromethorphanQuinidine Quinidine increases the toxicity of dextromethorphanQuinidine barbiturate Quinidine increases the toxicity of dextromethorphanFluoxetine Combination associated with possible serotoninergic syndromeIsocarboxazid Possible severe adverse reactionMemantine Increased risk of CNS adverse effectsMoclobemide Increased CNS toxicityParoxetine Combination associated with possible serotoninergic syndromePhenelzine Possible severe adverse reactionRasagiline Possible severe adverse reactionSelegiline Combination associated with possible serotoninergic syndromeSibutramine Combination associated with possible serotoninergic syndromeTerbinafine Terbinafine increases dextromethorphan levelsTranylcypromine Possible severe adverse reaction
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Amiloride Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaBenazepril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCandesartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCaptopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaCilazapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaDrospirenone Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEnalapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEplerenone This association presents an increased risk of hyperkaliemiaEprosartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaForasartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaFosinopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaIrbesartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaLisinopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaLosartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaMoexipril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaPerindopril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaPolystyrene sulfonate Antagonism of actionQuinapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaRamipril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSaprisartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSpirapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaSpironolactone Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTasosartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTelmisartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTrandolapril Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaTriamterene Increased risk of hyperkaliemiaValsartan Increased risk of hyperkaliemia
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| Food Interaction |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take without regard to meals.Avoid alcohol (may increase risk of hepatotoxicity).
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Take with food.Avoid alcohol.
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage. [PubChem]
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine&
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine. [PubChem]
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ The d-isomer of the codeine analog of levorphanol. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used antitussives, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. [PubChem]
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential?”a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.
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| Dosage Form |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule OralElixir OralLiquid OralSolution OralSolution / drops OralSuppository RectalSuspension OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, effervescent OralTablet, extended release Oral
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule OralElixir OralLiquid OralPill OralSolution OralSolution / drops OralSuppository RectalSuspension OralSyrup OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Syrup OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule OralLiquid OralLozenge OralStrip OralSuspension OralSyrup OralTablet Oral
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Aerosol OralCapsule OralCapsule, extended release OralElixir OralLiquid IntravenousLiquid OralLiquid SublingualPowder OralPowder, for solution OralSolution IntravenousSolution OralSolution / drops OralTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral
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| Drug Category |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Analgesics, Non-NarcoticAntipyretics
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anorexigenic AgentsCentral Nervous System StimulantsPhosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-Allergic AgentsAntihistaminesAntipruriticsHistamine H1 Antagonists
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Analgesics, OpioidAntitussive AgentsExcitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N2C
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CN(C)CCC(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ COC1=CC2=C(CC3C4CCCCC24CCN3C)C=C1
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N2C
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CN(C)CC[C@H](C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ COC1=CC2=C(C[C@H]3[C@H]4CCCC[C@@]24CCN3C)C=C1
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| InChI Identifier |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C8H9NO2/c1-6(10)9-7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7/h2-5,11H,1H3,(H,9,10)/f/h9H
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C16H19ClN2/c1-19(2)12-10-15(16-5-3-4-11-18-16)13-6-8-14(17)9-7-13/h3-9,11,15H,10,12H2,1-2H3
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C18H25NO/c1-19-10-9-18-8-4-3-5-15(18)17(19)11-13-6-7-14(20-2)12-16(13)18/h6-7,12,15,17H,3-5,8-11H2,1-2H3/t15-,17+,18-/m1/s1
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Acetaminophen¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
Caffeine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
Chlorpheniramine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine
Dextromethorphan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
Potassium¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins |
ACETAMINOPHEN ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatic injury . [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Myeloperoxidase Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:respiratory burst. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:drug-induced hemolysis. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Ornithine decarboxylase Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Lactate dehydrogenase Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Transcription factor AP-1(JUN) Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Haptoglobin Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:drug-induced hemolysis. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Alanine aminotransferase Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Beta-glucuronidase Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxin-induced effects. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:CYP2E1 Drug:Acetaminophen Toxicity:idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Cytochrome P450 2E1 Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Sulfotransferase family cytosolic Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:chronic hypoxia. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Cytochrome P450 3A4 Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] Replated Protein:Cytochrome P450 1A2 Drug:acetaminophen Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] ACETAMINOPHEN (APAP) ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Cytochrome P450 Drug:acetaminophen (APAP) Toxicity:renal functional changes, strain-dependent histopathological changes. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] CAFFEINE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Metallothionein Drug:caffeine Toxicity:hepatotoxicity. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â] MALEATE ÀÇ Drug-Induced Toxicity Related ProteinÁ¤º¸ Replated Protein:Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Drug:maleate Toxicity:hepatic injury. [¹Ù·Î°¡±â]
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