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| Mechanism of Action |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ By deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, Nisoldipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload.
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| Pharmacology |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Nisoldipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, is used alone or with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, to treat hypertension, chronic stable angina pectoris, and Prinzmetal's variant angina. Nisoldipine is similar to other peripheral vasodilators. Nisoldipine inhibits the influx of extra cellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes possibly by deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload.
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| Metabolism |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
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| Protein Binding |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 99%
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| Half-life |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 7-12 hours
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| Absorption |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Relatively well absorbed into the systemic circulation with 87% of the radiolabeled drug recovered in urine and feces. The absolute bioavailability of nisoldipine is about 5%.
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| Pharmacokinetics |
NisoldipineÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
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- ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ : 24½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó Áö¼Ó
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| Biotransformation |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Pre-systemic metabolism in the gut wall, and this metabolism decreases from the proximal to the distal parts of the intestine. Nisoldipine is highly metabolized; 5 major urinary metabolites have been identified. The major biotransformation pathway appears to be the hydroxylation of the isobutyl ester. A hydroxylated derivative of the side chain, present in plasma at concentrations approximately equal to the parent compound, appears to be the only active metabolite and has about 10% of the activity of the parent compound. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are believed to play a major role in the metabolism of nisoldipine. The particular isoenzyme system responsible for its metabolism has not been identified, but other dihydropyridines are metabolized by cytochrome P450 IIIA4.
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| Toxicity |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
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| Drug Interactions |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Amobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinAprobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinButalbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinButabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinButethal The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinDihydroquinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinHeptabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinHexobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinMethohexital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinMethylphenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinTalbutal The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinSecobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinQuinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinPrimidone The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinPhenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinPentobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of griseofulvinWarfarin Griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effectAcenocoumarol Griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effectDicumarol Griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effectAnisindione Griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effectAspirin Anticipate decrease of ASA efficiency in presence of griseofulvinChlorotrianisene The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesClomifene The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesCyclosporine Griseofulvin decreases the effect of cyclosporineDiethylstilbestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstradiol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstriol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesConjugated Estrogens The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstrone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEstropipate The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMedroxyprogesterone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMegestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesEthinyl Estradiol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectQuinestrol The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the hormonesMestranol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effectNorethindrone This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸] Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ P450 table
SUBSTRATES
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
Macrolide antibiotics:
clarithromycin
erythromycin
NOT azithromycin
telithromycin
Anti-arrhythmics:
quinidine
Benzodiazepines:
alprazolam
diazepam
midazolam
triazolam
Immune Modulators:
cyclosporine
tacrolimus (FK506)
HIV Protease Inhibitors:
indinavir
ritonavir
saquinavir
Prokinetic:
cisapride
Antihistamines:
astemizole
chlorpheniramine
Calcium Channel Blockers:
amlodipine
diltiazem
felodipine
nifedipine
**nisoldipine**
nitrendipine
verapamil
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors:
atorvastatin
cerivastatin
lovastatin
NOT pravastatin
simvastatin
aripiprazole
buspirone
gleevec
haloperidol (in part)
methadone
pimozide
quinine
NOT rosuvastatin
sildenafil
tamoxifen
trazodone
vincristine
INHIBITORS
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
HIV Protease Inhibitors:
indinavir
nelfinavir
ritonavir
amiodarone
NOT azithromycin
cimetidine
clarithromycin
diltiazem
erythromycin
fluvoxamine
grapefruit juice
itraconazole
ketoconazole
mibefradil
nefazodone
troleandomycin
verapamil
INDUCERS
CYP 3A4/3A5/3A7
carbamazepine
phenobarbital
phenytoin
rifabutin
rifampin
St. John's wort
troglitazone
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| Food Interaction |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Food Interaction Á¤º¸ Do not take with grapefruit juice as this has been shown to interfere with nisoldipine metabolism, resulting in a mean increase in Cmax of about 3-fold (up to about 7-fold) and AUC of almost 2-fold (up to 5-fold).
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| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
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| Description |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina. [PubChem]
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| Dosage Form |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Tablet, coated Oral
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| Drug Category |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antihypertensive AgentsCalcium Channel BlockersVasodilator Agents
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OCC(C)C
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C([C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OCC(C)C
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| InChI Identifier |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C20H24N2O6/c1-11(2)10-28-20(24)17-13(4)21-12(3)16(19(23)27-5)18(17)14-8-6-7-9-15(14)22(25)26/h6-9,11,18,21H,10H2,1-5H3
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Nisoldipine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ O5-methyl O3-(2-methylpropyl) 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
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µå·°ÀÎÆ÷ ÀǾàÇмúÁ¤º¸´Â ½ÄǰÀǾàǰ¾ÈÀüóÀÇ Á¦Ç°Çã°¡»çÇ×, Çмú¹®Çå, Á¦¾àȸ»ç Á¦°øÁ¤º¸ µîÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÈ Âü°í Á¤º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Á¤º¸ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÆíÁý»óÀÇ ¿À·ù, Çã°¡»çÇ× º¯°æ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Çмú¿¬±¸ ¶Ç´Â Àӻ󿬱¸ ¹ßÇ¥ µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ µå·°ÀÎÆ÷´Â
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ÀüÈ: 02-3486-1061 ¤Ó À̸ÞÀÏ: webmaster@druginfo.co.kr
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The database contains the following fields: The generic name of each chemical For module A10 (liver enzyme composite module): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the number of active and marginally active scores for each compound at the five individual endpoints (see research article for full description of method) Number of endpoints at which each compound is marginally active (M) Number of endpoints at which each compound is active (A) For modules A11 to A15 (alkaline phosphatase increased, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, LDH increased, and GGT increased, respectively): Overall activity category for each compound (A for active, M for marginally active, or I for inactive) based on the RI and ADR values (see the research article for full description of method) Number of ADR reports for each compound, given as <4 or ¡Ã4 Reporting Index value for each compound, except where no shipping units were available (NSU) Group 1 comprises of compounds for which ADR data were available for the first five years of marketing, so when no ADR reports were listed during this period the compounds were evaluated as inactive. Group 2 comprises of compounds for which a 'steady state' period of ADR data were available (1992-1996). In cases where no ADR reports were filed during this period, the compounds were scored as 'NA' (data not available) since they may have had one or more ADR reports during their first five years of marketing which should not be negated by a lack of ADR reports during the steady-state period. NISOLDIPINE[GGT Increase][Composite Activity](Score) I(Marginal) 0(Active) 0[Alkaline Phosphatase Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0[SGOT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 3.2[SGPT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 1.6[LDH Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0[GGT Increase](Activity Score) I(Number of Rpts) <4(Index value) 0
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