드러그인포 약품요약정보

허가정보

항목

내용

청구코드(KD코드)
비급여점검코드
상한금액

비급여
[상병코드조회]
[질병코드조회]

빠른조회


요약정보	[효능] [용법] [금기] [신중투여] [이상반응]

상세정보	[효능] [용법] [경고] [금기] [신중투여] [이상반응] [일반주의] [상호작용] [임산부] [수유부] [소아] [고령자] [신장애환자] [간장애환자] [적용주의] [과량투여] [임상검사치] [보관] [기타]

제품성상

미황색, 황색 투명용액을 무색 투명용기에 충진한 것 [제형정보 확인]

포장·유통단위

200, 250, 500, 1000㎖

효능효과

[적응증 별 검색]

다음 상태시의 아미노산 보급 : 저 단백혈증 , 저 영양상태 , 수술전후
[Drugbank 의 성분정보열람]
[Glycine][L-Alanine][L-Arginine][L-Isoleucine][L-Leucine][L-Methionine][L-Phenylalanine][L-Proline][L-Threonine][L-Tryptophan][L-Valine][Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)][Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)]

용법용량

* 절대 임의복용하지 마시고 반드시 의사 또는 약사와 상담하시기 바랍니다.

[처방약어]
보통 성인은 총아미노산으로 체중 kg 당 1 일 1-1.5g 을 최대용량으로 정맥내 점적주사하고 그 투여속도는 60 분간에 총 아미노산으로서 10g 정도의 농도가 바람직하며 1 분간 30-40 적을 점적 주사함을 원칙으로 한다.
다만, 소아 , 노인 , 단백요구량이 많은 화상환자 등의 경우는 용량 및 주입속도를 적절히 조절하여 투여하여야 한다 .

[BMI지수 계산] [Body Surface Area 계산] [Cockcroft-Gault GFR 계산] [MDRD GFR 계산]

금기

간성혼수 또는 간성혼수의 우려가 있는 환자
중증 신장애 환자 , 고질소혈증 환자
질소 이용을 저해하는 대사 장애 환자
소모성 심부전증
폐수종
핍뇨증 , 무뇨증 환자
과나트륨 혈증과 염소혈증 또는 알칼로시스환자
저장성 탈수증환자
젖산아시도시스 , 메칠알코올중독증
유전성 과당불내증환자
방실블럭 , 중증근무력증

신중투여

고도의 아시도시스 환자
울혈성 심부전 환자
울혈성 심부전 , 중증 심부전 , 나트륨 저류로 인한 부종 환자
과칼륨혈증 , 중증 신부전 , 컬륨저류
요붕증환자
간장애 , 신장애가 있는 환자

이상반응

과민증 :드물게 발진등 과민증이 나타날 수 있으며 , 이런 경우에는 투여를 중지한다 .
소화기 :때때로 구역 , 구토 등의 증상이 나타날 수 있다 .
순환기 :때때로 흉부 불쾌감 , 심계항진 , 빈맥 , 혈압강하 등의 증상이 나타날 수 있다 .
대량급속투여 :대량 급속 투여할 경우 아시도시스가 나타날 수 있다 .
기타 :가끔 열감 , 혈관통 , 오한 , 발열 , 두통 , 호흡공란 , 호흡정지 , 쇽 , 기관지 경축 , 요로 경축이 나타날 수 있다 .
말초 혈관 확장증이 나타난다는 보고가 있다 .
다음의 대사성 합병증이 나타난다는 보고가 있다 .
- 대사성 아시도시스 , 저인산염혈증 , 알칼로시스 , 고혈당증 , 당뇨병 , 삼투적 이뇨 및 탈수증 , 반동성 저혈당 , 간효소 상승 , 비타민 결핍 및 비타민 과잉 , 전해질 불균형 , 소아 고암모니아 혈증
간부전 및 신부전 환자는 BUN 의 상승을 일으킬 수 있다 .

간부전 환자는 혈청 아미노산 불균형 , 대사성 알칼로시스 , 전신질소혈증 , 과암모니아혈증 , 지각상실 , 혼수 등을 일으킬 수 있다.

[주요 이상반응정보]

상호작용

테트라싸이클린과 병용 투여시 수액 아미노산의 단백절약효과를 감소시킬 수 있다 . 칼슘염을 정맥주사하면 마그네슘염을 석출시킨다

Off-label Usage

[조회]

Related FDA Approved Drug

기준 성분:GLYCINE
AMINOACETIC ACID 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (GLYCINE)
GLYCINE 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (GLYCINE)
기준 성분:D-SORBITOL

정보요약

드럭인포 의약품 요약/상세정보

코드 및 분류정보

항목	내용
BIT 약효분류	아미노산수액제 (Amino Acid Solutions)
ATC 코드	amino acids / B05BA01 [코드분류상세설명] [ATC코드예측]
복지부분류코드	325 (단백아미노산제제 )
Drugs By Indication	[전체보기]
Drugs By Classification	[전체보기]

제품정보

항목	내용
청구코드(KD코드) 비급여점검코드 상한금액	비급여 [상병코드조회] [질병코드집 다운로드]
제품성상	미황색, 황색 투명용액을 무색 투명용기에 충진한 것 [제형정보 확인]
포장·유통단위	200, 250, 500, 1000㎖

복약정보

항목

내용

LACTmed 바로가기

[바로가기]

약리작용

유료정보입니다.

복약지도

유료정보입니다.

임부에대한투여

*	전체임신 기간별로 여러등급이 존재할 수 있으며 가장 위험도가 높은 정보만 보여집니다. 단, 복합제의 경우 모든 복합제성분에 대한 임부투여등급이 표시된것은 절대 아니며 표시된것중에 가장 위험도가 높은 정보만 나타납니다.

FDA : C등급
(sorbitol; )

*	상기 임부투여에 대한 정보는 전산처리 되면서 입력 오류 가능성이 존재합니다. 오류 가능성을 최소화하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울이고 있으나, 그 정확성에 대하여 확신을 드릴 수 없습니다. 이에 대해 회사는 책임을 지지 않습니다.
*	반드시 공신력 있는 문헌을 다시 한번 참고 하시기 바라며 의사 또는 약사의 판단에 따라 투여여부가 결정되어야 합니다.

Pharmacokinetics

유료정보입니다.

병용금기 및 연령대금기 근거조회

[병용금기 및 연령대금기 근거조회]

보관상 주의

조제시 주의

심사정보

항목	내용
DUR 관련 고시	[병용연령금기 의약품 / 임부금기 의약품 / 비용효과적 함량 의약품 / 안전성 관련 급여중지 의약품]

학술정보

항목	내용
DUR (의약품사용평가)	병용금기 : 고시된 병용금기 내용은 없습니다. [상호작용/병용금기검색] 연령대금기 : 고시된 연령금기 내용은 없습니다. [연령대금기상세검색]
독성정보	D-Sorbitol에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 Nicotinamide에 대한 독성정보 : 정보보기 출처: 국립독성과학원 독성물질정보DB : http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134200/view.do
Mechanism of Action	Glycine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 In the CNS, there exist strychnine-sensitive glycine binding sites as well as strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites. The strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site is located on the NMDA receptor complex. The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor complex is comprised of a chloride channel and is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. The putative antispastic activity of supplemental glycine could be mediated by glycine's binding to strychnine-sensitive binding sites in the spinal cord. This would result in increased chloride conductance and consequent enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission. The ability of glycine to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission raised the possibility of its use in the management of neuroleptic-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Animal studies indicate that supplemental glycine protects against endotoxin-induced lethality, hypoxia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation, and D-galactosamine-mediated liver injury. Neutrophils are thought to participate in these pathologic processes via invasion of tissue and releasing such reactive oxygen species as superoxide. In vitro studies have shown that neutrophils contain a glycine-gated chloride channel that can attenuate increases in intracellular calcium and diminsh neutrophil oxidant production. This research is ealy-stage, but suggests that supplementary glycine may turn out to be useful in processes where neutrophil infiltration contributes to toxicity, such as ARDS. L-alanine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. BCAAs are used as a source of energy for muscle cells. During prolonged exercise, BCAAs are released from skeletal muscles and their carbon backbones are used as fuel, while their nitrogen portion is used to form another amino acid, Alanine. Alanine is then converted to Glucose by the liver. This form of energy production is called the Alanine-Glucose cycle, and it plays a major role in maintaining the body's blood sugar balance. L-arginine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Many of supplemental L-arginine's activities, including its possible anti-atherogenic actions, may be accounted for by its role as the precursor to nitric oxide or NO. NO is produced by all tissues of the body and plays very important roles in the cardiovascular system, immune system and nervous system. NO is formed from L-arginine via the enzyme nitric oxide synthase or synthetase (NOS), and the effects of NO are mainly mediated by 3,'5' -cyclic guanylate or cyclic GMP. NO activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase, which catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic GMP from guanosine triphosphate or GTP. Cyclic GMP is converted to guanylic acid via the enzyme cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. NOS is a heme-containing enzyme with some sequences similar to cytochrome P-450 reductase. Several isoforms of NOS exist, two of which are constitutive and one of which is inducible by immunological stimuli. The constitutive NOS found in the vascular endothelium is designated eNOS and that present in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system is designated nNOS. The form of NOS induced by immunological or inflammatory stimuli is known as iNOS. iNOS may be expressed constitutively in select tissues such as lung epithelium. All the nitric oxide synthases use NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and oxygen (O2) as cosubstrates, as well as the cofactors FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FMN (flavin mononucleotide), tetrahydrobiopterin and heme. Interestingly, ascorbic acid appears to enhance NOS activity by increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin. eNOS and nNOS synthesize NO in response to an increased concentration of calcium ions or in some cases in response to calcium-independent stimuli, such as shear stress. In vitro studies of NOS indicate that the Km of the enzyme for L-arginine is in the micromolar range. The concentration of L-arginine in endothelial cells, as well as in other cells, and in plasma is in the millimolar range. What this means is that, under physiological conditions, NOS is saturated with its L-arginine substrate. In other words, L-arginine would not be expected to be rate-limiting for the enzyme, and it would not appear that supraphysiological levels of L-arginine which could occur with oral supplementation of the amino acid^would make any difference with regard to NO production. The reaction would appear to have reached its maximum level. However, in vivo studies have demonstrated that, under certain conditions, e.g. hypercholesterolemia, supplemental L-arginine could enhance endothelial-dependent vasodilation and NO production. L-isoleucine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine) This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates. The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic. There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS. L-leucine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates. The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic. There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS. L-methionine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 The mechanism of the possible anti-hepatotoxic activity of L-methionine is not entirely clear. It is thought that metabolism of high doses of acetaminophen in the liver lead to decreased levels of hepatic glutathione and increased oxidative stress. L-methionine is a precursor to L-cysteine. L-cysteine itself may have antioxidant activity. L-cysteine is also a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione. Antioxidant activity of L-methionine and metabolites of L-methionine appear to account for its possible anti-hepatotoxic activity. Recent research suggests that methionine itself has free-radical scavenging activity by virtue of its sulfur, as well as its chelating ability. L-phenylalanine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 The mechanism of L-phenylalanine's putative antidepressant activity may be accounted for by its precursor role in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Elevated brain norepinephrine and dopamine levels are thought to be associated with antidepressant effects. The mechanism of L-phenylalanine's possible antivitiligo activity is not well understood. It is thought that L-phenylalanine may stimulate the production of melanin in the affected skin L-proline에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 Glycogenic, by L-Proline oxidase in the kidney, it is ring-opened and is oxidized to form L-Glutamic acid. L-Ornithine and L-Glutamic acid are converted to L-Proline via L-Glutamic acid-gamma-semialdehyde. It is contained abundantly in collagen, and is intimately involved in the function of arthrosis and chordae. L-threonine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 L-Threonine is a precursor to the amino acids glycine and serine. It acts as a lipotropic in controlling fat build-up in the liver. May help combat mental illness and may be very useful in indigestion and intestinal malfunctions. Also, threonine prevents excessive liver fat. Nutrients are more readily absorbed when threonine is present. L-tryptophan에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 A number of important side reactions occur during the catabolism of tryptophan on the pathway to acetoacetate. The first enzyme of the catabolic pathway is an iron porphyrin oxygenase that opens the indole ring. The latter enzyme is highly inducible, its concentration rising almost 10-fold on a diet high in tryptophan. Kynurenine is the first key branch point intermediate in the pathway. Kynurenine undergoes deamniation in a standard transamination reaction yielding kynurenic acid. Kynurenic acid and metabolites have been shown to act as antiexcitotoxics and anticonvulsives. A second side branch reaction produces anthranilic acid plus alanine. Another equivalent of alanine is produced further along the main catabolic pathway, and it is the production of these alanine residues that allows tryptophan to be classified among the glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. The second important branch point converts kynurenine into 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde, which has two fates. The main flow of carbon elements from this intermediate is to glutarate. An important side reaction in liver is a transamination and several rearrangements to produce limited amounts of nicotinic acid, which leads to production of a small amount of NAD⁺ and NADP⁺. L-valine에 대한 Mechanism_Of_Action 정보 (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine) This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates. The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic. There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS.
Pharmacology	Glycine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Helps trigger the release of oxygen to the energy requiring cell-making process; Important in the manufacturing of hormones responsible for a strong immune system. L-alanine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Is an important source of energy for muscle tissue, the brain and central nervous system; strengthens the immune system by producing antibodies; helps in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids. L-arginine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Studies have shown that is has improved immune responses to bacteria, viruses and tumor cells; promotes wound healing and regeneration of the liver; causes the release of growth hormones; considered crucial for optimal muscle growth and tissue repair. L-isoleucine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 They provide ingredients for the manufacturing of other essential biochemical components in the body, some of which are utilized for the production of energy, stimulants to the upper brain and helping you to be more alert. L-leucine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 An essential amino acid. (Claim) Leucine helps with the regulation of blood-sugar levels, the growth and repair of muscle tissue (such as bones, skin and muscles), growth hormone production, wound healing as well as energy regulation. It can assist to prevent the breakdown of muscle proteins that sometimes occur after trauma or severe stress. It may also be beneficial for individuals with phenylketonuria - a condition in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine L-methionine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 L-Methionine is a principle supplier of sulfur which prevents disorders of the hair, skin and nails; helps lower cholesterol levels by increasing the liver's production of lecithin; reduces liver fat and protects the kidneys; a natural chelating agent for heavy metals; regulates the formation of ammonia and creates ammonia-free urine which reduces bladder irritation; influences hair follicles and promotes hair growth. L-methionine may protect against the toxic effects of hepatotoxins, such as acetaminophen. Methionine may have antioxidant activity. L-phenylalanine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Used by the brain to produce Norepinephrine, a chemical that transmits signals between nerve cells and the brain; keeps you awake and alert; reduces hunger pains; functions as an antidepressant and helps improve memory. L-proline에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 L-Proline is a major amino acid found in cartilage and is important for maintaining youthful skin as well as repair of muscle, connective tissue and skin damage. It is also essential for the immune system, and for necessary balance of this formula. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. L-Proline is extremely important for the proper functioning of joints and tendons. Helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. L-threonine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 L-Threonine is an essential amino acid that helps to maintain the proper protein balance in the body. It is important for the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel, and aids liver and lipotropic function when combined with aspartic acid and methionine. L-tryptophan에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 Tryptophan is critical for the production of the body's proteins, enzymes and muscle tissue. It is also essential for the production of niacin, the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin and melatonin. Tryptophan supplements can be used as natural relaxants to help relieve insomnia. Tryptophan can also reduce anxiety and depression and has been shown to reduce the intensity of migraine headaches. Other promising indications include the relief of chronic pain, reduction of impulsivity or mania and the treatment of obsessive or compulsive disorders. Tryptophan also appears to help the immune system and can reduce the risk of cardiac spasms. Tryptophan deficiencies may lead to coronary artery spasms. Tryptophan is used as an essential nutrient in infant formulas and intravenous feeding. Tryptophan is marketed as a prescription drug (Tryptan) for those who do not seem to respond well to conventional antidepressants. It may also be used to treat those afflicted with seasonal affective disorder (a winter-onset depression). Tryptopan serves as the precursor for the synthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). L-valine에 대한 Pharmacology 정보 L-valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid (BCAA) that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. Valine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (the others are leucine and isoleucine) that enhance energy, increase endurance, and aid in muscle tissue recovery and repair. This group also lowers elevated blood sugar levels and increases growth hormone production. Supplemental valine should always be combined with isoleucine and leucine at a respective milligram ratio of 2:1:2. It is an essential amino acid found in proteins; important for optimal growth in infants and for growth in children and nitrogen balance in adults. The lack of L-valine may influence the growth of body, cause neuropathic obstacle, anaemia. It has wide applications in the field of pharmaceutical and food industry.
Metabolism	L-isoleucine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Not Available L-methionine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Glutamine SynthetaseMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase L-proline에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Proline oxidase L-tryptophan에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenaseAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) L-valine에 대한 Metabolism 정보 # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Absorption	Glycine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the small intestine via an active transport mechanism. L-arginine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes. Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism. L-isoleucine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium-dependent active-transport process L-methionine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes by an active transport process. L-phenylalanine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium dependent active transport process. L-valine에 대한 Absorption 정보 Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium-dependent active-transport process.
Pharmacokinetics	Pyridoxine HCl의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 위장관으로부터 잘 흡수된다. 대사 : 간에서 4-pyridoxic acid로 대사된다. 반감기 : 15-20일 혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 경구 : 1.25 시간 소실 : 4-pyridoxic acid로 신배설되며, 소량 (약 2%)은 담즙을 통해 배설된다. Riboflavin sodium phosphate의 약물동력학자료 흡수 : 위장관으로부터 잘 흡수된다. 음식물에 의해 흡수양이 증가한다. 간염, 간경화, 담관폐색이 있는 환자에서 흡수가 감소한다. 분포 : 체내 모든 조직에 널리 분포한다. 반감기 : 초기 상 : 1.4 시간 말기 상 : 14시간 소실 : 미변화체로 신배설되는 양은 약 9%이다. Aminoacetic Acid(Glycine)의 약물동력학자료 대사 : Glycine은 단백, creatinine, glycocholic acid, glutathione, uric acid, heme 등의 합성에 관여한다. 체내에서의 분해는 여러단계로 이루어지며 주된 경로는 가역적인 산화적 분해이다. Serine이 정상적인 분해산물이다. 혈장 반감기 : 85분 L-arginine의 약물동력학자료 최고 혈중농도 도달 : 경구 : 2시간 최대 효과 발현 : 당뇨 진단 : 정맥주사 : 20-45 분 혈당의 최고 상승은 20분 후에 나타나며, 인슐린의 최대 상승은 20-30 분 후에 나타나며 glucagon은 30-45 분 후에 나타난다. 성장호르몬 보유 진단 : 정맥주사 : 1-2 시간 Arginine 30 g을 30분간 정맥주사 후 성장호르몬의 최대 상승이 약 1-2 시간 후에 나타난다. 작용 지속 시간 : 정맥주사 : 1시간 흡수 : 위장관에서 잘 흡수됨 대사 : 간에서 arginase에 의해 guanidino group이 가수분해되어 urea와 ornithine을 생성한다. Ornithine은 궁극적으로 glucose 생성에 이용된다. 소실 : 신장 : 사구체로 여과되고 신세뇨관으로 재흡수된다. 반감기 : 1.2-2 시간 L-methionine의 약물동력학자료 대사 : S-adenosylmethionine을 거쳐 homocysteine으로 전환된다. 그 후 80%가 cystathione, cysteine, taurine, inorganic sulphate로 점차로 대사된다. Nicotinamide의 약물동력학자료 작용발현시간 : pellagra : 24시간 흡수 : 위장관으로부터 신속하게 흡수된다. 분포 : 모든 조직으로 신속하게 분포한다. 태아 및 신생아에서의 농도가 모체의 농도보다 높다. 대사 : 간대사 Nicotinamide는 생체 내에서 niacin의 대사로부터 형성될 수 있다. Dietrich pathway를 통해 효소적으로 NAD 및 NADP로 전환된다. 반감기 : 45분 혈중최고농도 도달시간 : 20-70분 소실 : 용량의존적으로 미변화체 및 대사체로서 신배설된다. (생리적 용량에서는 소량만이 미변화체로 신배설되나 고용량 투여시 주로 미변화체로 신배설된다.) D-sorbitol의 약물동력학자료 효과발현 시간 : 0.25-1 시간 흡수 : 경구, 직장 : 거의 흡수되지 않는다. 소실 : 간에서 fructose로 대사된다.
Biotransformation	Glycine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-arginine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Some metabolism of L-arginine takes place in the enterocytes. L-arginine not metabolized in the enterocytes enters the portal circulation from whence it is transported to the liver, where again some portion of the amino acid is metabolized. L-isoleucine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-methionine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-phenylalanine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic. L-phenylalanine that is not metabolized in the liver is distributed via the systemic circulation to the various tissues of the body, where it undergoes metabolic reactions similar to those that take place in the liver. L-proline에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-threonine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic L-tryptophan에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic. L-valine에 대한 Biotransformation 정보 Hepatic
Toxicity	Glycine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 ORL-RAT LD₅₀ 7930 mg/kg, SCU-RAT LD₅₀ 5200 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD₅₀ 2600 mg/kg, ORL-MUS LD₅₀ 4920 mg/kg; Doses of 1 gram daily are very well tolerated. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms are infrequently noted. In one study doses of 90 grams daily were also well tole. L-arginine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Oral supplementation with L-arginine at doses up to 15 grams daily are generally well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions of higher doses from 15 to 30 grams daily are nausea, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Some may experience these symptoms at lower doses. L-isoleucine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Symptoms of hypoglycemia, increased mortality in ALS patients taking large doses of BCAAs L-methionine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Doses of L-methionine of up to 250 mg daily are generally well tolerated. Higher doses may cause nausea, vomiting and headache. Healthy adults taking 8 grams of L-methionine daily for four days were found to have reduced serum folate levels and leucocytosis. Healthy adults taking 13.9 grams of L-methionine daily for five days were found to have changes in serum pH and potassium and increased urinary calcium excretion. Schizophrenic patients given 10 to 20 grams of L-methionine daily for two weeks developed functional psychoses. Single doses of 8 grams precipitated encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. L-phenylalanine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 L-phenylalanine will exacerbate symptoms of phenylketonuria if used by phenylketonurics. L-phenylalanine was reported to exacerbate tardive dyskinesia when used by some with schizophrenia. L-proline에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Not Available L-tryptophan에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Oral rat LD₅₀: > 16 gm/kg. Investigated as a tumorigen, mutagen, reproductive effector. Symptoms of overdose include agitation, confusion, diarrhea, fever, overactive reflexes, poor coordination, restlessness, shivering, sweating, talking or acting with excitement you cannot control, trembling or shaking, twitching, and vomiting. L-valine에 대한 Toxicity 정보 Symptoms of hypoglycemia, increased mortality in ALS patients taking large doses of BCAAs.
Drug Interactions	Glycine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-arginine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-isoleucine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-methionine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-phenylalanine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-proline에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-tryptophan에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available L-valine에 대한 Drug_Interactions 정보 Not Available
CYP450 Drug Interaction	[CYP450 Table직접조회]
Food Interaction	L-methionine에 대한 Food Interaction 정보 Take with food.
Drug Target	[Drug Target]
Description	D-sorbitol에 대한 Description 정보 A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications. [PubChem] Glycine에 대한 Description 정보 A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. [PubChem] L-alanine에 대한 Description 정보 A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. [PubChem] L-arginine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [PubChem] L-isoleucine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of leucine. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels. [PubChem] L-leucine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. [PubChem] L-methionine에 대한 Description 정보 A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating agent for heavy metals. [PubChem] L-phenylalanine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of melanin; dopamine; noradrenalin (norepinephrine), and thyroxine. [PubChem] L-proline에 대한 Description 정보 A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. [PubChem] L-threonine에 대한 Description 정보 An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins. [PubChem] L-tryptophan에 대한 Description 정보 An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor of indole alkaloids in plants. It is a precursor of serotonin (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to niacin, albeit inefficiently, in mammals. [PubChem] L-valine에 대한 Description 정보 A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. [PubChem] Nicotinamide에 대한 Description 정보 An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. [PubChem]
Dosage Form	Glycine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid IrrigationSolution Intraperitoneal L-alanine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Not Available L-arginine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Liquid Intravenous L-isoleucine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralPowder OralTablet Oral L-leucine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralPowder OralTablet Oral L-methionine에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralPowder OralTablet OralTablet Oral L-tryptophan에 대한 Dosage_Form 정보 Capsule OralTablet Oral
Drug Category	D-sorbitol에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 CatharticsIndicators and ReagentsSweetening Agents Glycine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementGlycine AgentsMicronutrientNon-Essential Amino Acids L-alanine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementMicronutrientNon-Essential Amino Acids L-arginine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Conditionally Essential Amino AcidsDietary supplementMicronutrient L-isoleucine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-leucine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-methionine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-phenylalanine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-proline에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementMicronutrientNon-Essential Amino Acids L-threonine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-tryptophan에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Antidepressive Agents, Second-GenerationDietary supplementEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrient L-valine에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Dietary supplementsEssential Amino AcidsMicronutrients Nicotinamide에 대한 Drug_Category 정보 Vitamin B Complex
Smiles String Canonical	D-sorbitol에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO Glycine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NCC(O)=O L-alanine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(N)C(O)=O L-arginine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O L-isoleucine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O L-leucine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O L-methionine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CSCCC(N)C(O)=O L-phenylalanine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O L-proline에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 OC(=O)C1CCCN1 L-threonine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O L-tryptophan에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12)C(O)=O L-valine에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O Nicotinamide에 대한 Smiles_String_canonical 정보 NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1
Smiles String Isomeric	D-sorbitol에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO Glycine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 NCC(O)=O L-alanine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 C[C@H](N)C(O)=O L-arginine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CCC\N=C(\N)N)C(O)=O L-isoleucine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O L-leucine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC(C)C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O L-methionine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O L-phenylalanine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O L-proline에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 L-threonine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O L-tryptophan에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12)C(O)=O L-valine에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O Nicotinamide에 대한 Smiles_String_isomeric 정보 NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1
InChI Identifier	D-sorbitol에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1 Glycine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)/f/h4H L-alanine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1/f/h5H L-arginine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H14N4O2/c7-4(5(11)12)2-1-3-10-6(8)9/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,11,12)(H4,8,9,10)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h11H,8-9H2 L-isoleucine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H13NO2/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t4-,5-/m0/s1/f/h8H L-leucine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/f/h8H L-methionine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h7H L-phenylalanine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)/t8-/m0/s1/f/h11H L-proline에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C5H9NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h7H L-threonine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1/f/h7H L-tryptophan에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C11H12N2O2/c12-9(11(14)15)5-7-6-13-10-4-2-1-3-8(7)10/h1-4,6,9,13H,5,12H2,(H,14,15)/t9-/m0/s1/f/h14H L-valine에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C5H11NO2/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3-4H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/f/h7H Nicotinamide에 대한 InChI_Identifier 정보 InChI=1/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9)/f/h7H2
Chemical IUPAC Name	D-sorbitol에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Glycine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 2-aminoacetic acid L-alanine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid L-arginine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid L-isoleucine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid L-leucine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid L-methionine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid L-phenylalanine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid L-proline에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid L-threonine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid L-tryptophan에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid L-valine에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 (2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid Nicotinamide에 대한 Chemical_IUPAC_Name 정보 pyridine-3-carboxamide
Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Proteins	LYSINE 의 Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Protein정보 Replated Protein:Tamm-Horsfall protein Drug:Lysine Toxicity:persisting acute renal failure . [바로가기] METHIONINE 의 Drug-Induced Toxicity Related Protein정보 Replated Protein:NMDA receptor-regulated protein Drug:methionine Toxicity:cerebrovascular disease. [바로가기] Replated Protein:Cystathionine beta-synthase Drug:methionine Toxicity:lipoprotein peroxidation and platelet aggregation. [바로가기] Replated Protein:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Drug:methionine Toxicity:lipoprotein peroxidation and platelet aggregation. [바로가기]

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