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| Off-label Usage |
[Á¶È¸]
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| Related FDA Approved Drug |
±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: RIBOFLAVINBEROCCA PN (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN E)
CERNEVIT-12 (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PANTOTHENIC ACID; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A)
INFUVITE ADULT (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN K)
INFUVITE PEDIATRIC (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN K)
INFUVITE PEDIATRIC (PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN K)
M.V.C. 9+3 (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I. ADULT (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E; VITAMIN K)
M.V.I. ADULT (PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E; VITAMIN K)
M.V.I. PEDIATRIC (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PHYTONADIONE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 (WITHOUT VITAMIN K) (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
M.V.I.-12 LYOPHILIZED (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
MVC PLUS (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E)
VITAPED (ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PANTOTHENIC ACID; PHYTONADIONE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; VITAMIN A PALMITATE; VITAMIN E)
±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDEBENDECTIN (DOXYLAMINE SUCCINATE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE)
HEXA-BETALIN (PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE)
PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE)
TPN (NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; TYROSINE)
±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: NICOTINAMIDE±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: DEXPANTHENOL±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: CYANOCOBALAMINBERUBIGEN (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
BETALIN 12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
CALOMIST (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
COBAVITE (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
CYANOCOBALAMIN (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
CYANOCOBALAMIN CO 57 SCHILLING TEST KIT (CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-57; INTRINSIC FACTOR)
DEPINAR (CYANOCOBALAMIN; TANNIC ACID; ZINC ACETATE)
DICOPAC KIT (CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-57; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-58)
NASCOBAL (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
REDISOL (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
RUBIVITE (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
RUBRAMIN PC (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
RUBRATOPE-57 (CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-57)
RUBRATOPE-57 KIT (COBALT CHLORIDE, CO-57; CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-57; INTRINSIC FACTOR)
RUBRATOPE-60 (CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-60)
RUBRATOPE-60 KIT (COBALT CHLORIDE, CO-60; CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN, CO-60; INTRINSIC FACTOR)
RUVITE (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
VIBISONE (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
VI-TWEL (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
±âÁØ ¼ººÐ: BIOTIN
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Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶¼ºÁ¤º¸ : Á¤º¸º¸±â
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| Mechanism of Action |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Biotin is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes that transport carboxyl units and fix carbon dioxide, and is required for various metabolic functions, including gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, propionate metabolism, and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids.
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Vitamin B12 is used in the body in two forms: Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin. The enzyme methionine synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Methionine in turn is required for DNA methylation. 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substances that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine. Vitamin B6, principally in the form of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ Binds to riboflavin hydrogenase, riboflavin kinase, and riboflavin synthase. Riboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN, riboflavin monophosphate) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is principally derived from its role as a precursor of FAD and the role of this cofactor in the production of the antioxidant reduced glutathione. Reduced glutathione is the cofactor of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases among other things. The glutathione peroxidases are major antioxidant enzymes. Reduced glutathione is generated by the FAD-containing enzyme glutathione reductase.
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Mechanism_Of_Action Á¤º¸ It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux.
|
| Pharmacology |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is used in cell growth, the production of fatty acids, metabolism of fats, and amino acids. It plays a role in the Kreb cycle, which is the process in which energy is released from food. Biotin not only assists in various metabolic chemical conversions, but also helps with the transfer of carbon dioxide. Biotin is also helpful in maintaining a steady blood sugar level. Biotin is often recommended for strengthening hair and nails. Consequenty, it is found in many cosmetic and health products for the hair and skin. Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of biotin. Initial symptoms of biotin deficiency include: Dry skin, Seborrheic dermatitis, Fungal infections, rashes including erythematous periorofacial macular rash, fine and brittle hair, and hair loss or total alopecia. If left untreated, neurological symptoms can develop, including mild depression, which may progress to profound lassitude and, eventually, to somnolence; changes in mental status, generalized muscular pains (myalgias), hyperesthesias and paresthesias. The treatment for biotin deficiency is to simply start taking some biotin supplements. A lack of biotin in infants will lead to a condition called seborrheic dermatitis or "cradle cap". Biotin deficiencies are extremely rare in adults but if it does occur, it will lead to anemia, depression, hair loss, high blood sugar levels, muscle pain, nausea, loss of appetite and inflamed mucous membranes.
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is a water-soluble organometallic compound with a trivalent cobalt ion bound inside a corrin ring. It is needed for nerve cells and red blood cells, and to make DNA. Vitamin B12 deficiency is the cause of several forms of anemia.
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin used in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in those receiving isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH). Vitamin B6 has been found to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a small group of subjects with essential hypertension. Hypertension is another risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Another study showed pyridoxine hydrochloride to inhibit ADP- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and to lower total cholesterol levels and increase HDL-cholesterol levels, again in a small group of subjects. Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, was found to protect vascular endothelial cells in culture from injury by activated platelets. Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical initiating events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human studies have demonstrated that vitamin B6 deficiency affects cellular and humoral responses of the immune system. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in altered lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, impaired antibody production, decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased interleukin (IL)-2 production, among other immunologic activities.
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Riboflavin or vitamin B2 is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and general good health, including regulating thyroid activity. Riboflavin also helps in the prevention or treatment of many types of eye disorders, including some cases of cataracts.
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Pharmacology Á¤º¸ Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamine has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells.
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| Metabolism |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Metabolism Á¤º¸ # Phase_1_Metabolizing_Enzyme:Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A)Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
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| Protein Binding |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ Very high (to specific plasma proteins called transcobalamins); binding of hydroxocobalamin is slightly higher than cyanocobalamin.
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 22%
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 60%
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ Á¤º¸ 90-94%
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| Half-life |
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver).
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 15-20 days
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨±â Á¤º¸ 66-84 minutes
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| Absorption |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Systemic - approximately 50%
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum.
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum.
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Vitamin B2 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Absorption Á¤º¸ Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
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| Pharmacokinetics |
Riboflavin sodium phosphateÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö :
- À§Àå°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- À½½Ä¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Èí¼ö¾çÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
- °£¿°, °£°æÈ, ´ã°üÆó»öÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ Èí¼ö°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.
- ºÐÆ÷ : ü³» ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷¿¡ ³Î¸® ºÐÆ÷ÇÑ´Ù.
- ¹Ý°¨±â :
- Ãʱ⠻ó : 1.4 ½Ã°£
- ¸»±â »ó : 14½Ã°£
- ¼Ò½Ç : ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ´Â ¾çÀº ¾à 9%ÀÌ´Ù.
Thiamine HClÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö :
- °æ±¸ : ÃÖ´ëÈí¼ö·® : 8-15 mg/day
- ±ÙÀ°ÁÖ»ç : ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°í ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ºÐÆ÷ : Ãּҿ䱸·® (¾à 1 mg/day)À» Ãʰú ¼·Ãë½Ã Á¶Á÷ ÀúÀå¿¡ Æ÷Ȱ¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
- ¼Ò½Ç : °úÀ× ¼·ÃëµÈ ¾çÀº ´¢¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
DexpanthenolÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°ü¿¡¼ ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ Èí¼ö
- »ýü³»ÀÌ¿ë·ü : ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ½
- ´ë»ç : Ȱ¼ºÇü pantothenic acid·Î ´ë»çµÊ
- ¼Ò½Ç : ½Å¹è¼³(60-70 %), ´ëº¯ ¹è¼³ (30%)
NicotinamideÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- ÀÛ¿ë¹ßÇö½Ã°£ : pellagra : 24½Ã°£
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ºÐÆ÷ :
- ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ºÐÆ÷ÇÑ´Ù.
- ÅÂ¾Æ ¹× ½Å»ý¾Æ¿¡¼ÀÇ ³óµµ°¡ ¸ðüÀÇ ³óµµº¸´Ù ³ô´Ù.
- ´ë»ç : °£´ë»ç
- Nicotinamide´Â »ýü ³»¿¡¼ niacinÀÇ ´ë»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ Çü¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
- Dietrich pathway¸¦ ÅëÇØ È¿¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î NAD ¹× NADP·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù.
- ¹Ý°¨±â : 45ºÐ
- Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : 20-70ºÐ
- ¼Ò½Ç : ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ìº¯Èü ¹× ´ë»çü·Î¼ ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù. (»ý¸®Àû ¿ë·®¿¡¼´Â ¼Ò·®¸¸ÀÌ ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ³ª °í¿ë·® Åõ¿©½Ã ÁÖ·Î ¹Ìº¯Èü·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.)
Pyridoxine HClÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àß Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ´ë»ç : °£¿¡¼ 4-pyridoxic acid·Î ´ë»çµÈ´Ù.
- ¹Ý°¨±â : 15-20ÀÏ
- Ç÷ÁßÃÖ°í³óµµ µµ´Þ½Ã°£ : °æ±¸ : 1.25 ½Ã°£
- ¼Ò½Ç : 4-pyridoxic acid·Î ½Å¹è¼³µÇ¸ç, ¼Ò·® (¾à 2%)Àº ´ãÁóÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
BiotinÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö : À§Àå°ü¿¡¼ ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ Èí¼öµÊ
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : ³ôÀ½, avidin¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ¸é ºÒȰ¼ºÈµÊ
- ºÐÆ÷ : À¯ÁóºÐºñµÊ
- ¹è¼³ : °úµµÇÏ°Ô Åõ¿©µÈ °æ¿ì biotin ÀÚü ¶Ç´Â ´ë»çü·Î ´¢¹è¼³µÊ
CyanocobalaminÀÇ ¾à¹°µ¿·ÂÇÐÀÚ·á
- Èí¼ö :
- °æ±¸ Åõ¿©½Ã ¼ÒÀå ¿øÀ§ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Èí¼öµÈ´Ù.
- ´Éµ¿ Èí¼ö¿¡´Â IF¿ÍÀÇ º¹ÇÕü Çü¼ºÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ̸ç, Àå°üº®À» ÅëÇØ ¼öµ¿ Èí¼öµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
- À§, ȸÀå¿¡ ±¸Á¶Àû ¼Õ»óÀ̳ª ±â´ÉÀû ¼Õ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì Èí¼ö°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.
- ºÐÆ÷ :
- À§¿¡¼ À§Á¡¸·¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐºñµÇ´Â ´ç´Ü¹éÀÎ IF (intrinsic factor)¿¡ °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
- Àå°ü Á¡¸·¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡¼ vitamin B12-IF º¹ÇÕü·ÎºÎÅÍ vitamin B12°¡ À¯¸®µÈ ÈÄ, Ç÷¾× ³»¿¡¼ ÁַΠƯÀÌÀûÀÎ ¥â-globulin ¼ö¼Û´Ü¹éÁúÀÎ transcobalamin II¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
- °£, °ñ¼ö ¹× ŹÝÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ±âŸ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î ºÐÆ÷Çϸç, ÁÖ·Î °£ (50-90%)¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
- ´Ü¹é°áÇÕ : ÁÖ·Î transcobalamin II¿Í °áÇÕÇϸç, ¼Ò·®Àº transcobalamin I (¥á-glycoproteinÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾) ¹× transcobalamin III (inter-¥á-glycoproteinÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾)°ú °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
- ´ë»ç : Àå°£¼øÈ¯
- ¼Ò½Ç :
- Vitamin B12¸¦ Åõ¿©¹Þ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¤»óÀÎ : ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÌ ´ãÁó ¹è¼³ ÈÄ Àå°£¼øÈ¯ÇÑ´Ù.
- ÀÏÀÏ turnover rate : ü³» ÃÑÀúÀå·®ÀÇ 0.05-0.2% (¹üÀ§ : 0.4-8 ¥ìg)
- ÀÏÀÏ ½Å¹è¼³·®Àº ´ë°³ 0.25 ¥ìg ÀÌÇÏ
- Vitamin B12¸¦ Åõ¿©¹Þ´Â °æ¿ì : 0.1-1 mg ±ÙÀ°ÁÖ»ç ¶Ç´Â Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç ÈÄ 48½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ 50-90%°¡ ½Å¹è¼³µÈ´Ù.
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| Biotransformation |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Not Available
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic.
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Biotransformation Á¤º¸ Hepatic
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| Toxicity |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Prolonged skin contact may cause irritation.
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD50 > 8000 mg/kg
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Oral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness.
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Not Available
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Toxicity Á¤º¸ Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
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| Drug Interactions |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Interactions Á¤º¸ Not Available
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CYP450 Drug Interaction |
[CYP450 TableÁ÷Á¢Á¶È¸]
|
| Drug Target |
[Drug Target]
|
| Description |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. [PubChem]
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products. [HMDB]
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. [PubChem]
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ The 4-methanol form of vitamin B 6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). [PubChem]
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. [PubChem]
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Description Á¤º¸ 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. [PubChem]
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| Dosage Form |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Powder, for solution OralTablet Oral
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Capsule OralLiquid IntramuscularLiquid OralPowder OralSolution IntramuscularTablet OralTablet, extended release Oral
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Liquid IntramuscularSolution IntramuscularSolution / drops OralTablet Oral
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Not Available
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Dosage_Form Á¤º¸ Liquid IntramuscularLiquid IntravenousSolution IntravenousTablet Oral
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| Drug Category |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Dietary supplementMicronutrientVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Antianemic AgentsEssential VitaminVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Vitamin B Complex
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Photosensitizing AgentsRadiation-Sensitizing AgentsVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Drug_Category Á¤º¸ Anti-inflammatory AgentsEssential VitaminVitamin B ComplexVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
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| Smiles String Canonical |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ OC(=O)CCCCC1SCC2NC(=O)NC12
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ [Co+3].[C-]
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(CC(O)C(O)C(O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_canonical Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1
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| Smiles String Isomeric |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ OC(=O)CCCC[C@@H]1SC[C@@H]2NC(=O)N[C@H]12
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ [Co+3].[C-]
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Smiles_String_isomeric Á¤º¸ CC1=NC=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C(N)=N1
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| InChI Identifier |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C10H16N2O3S/c13-8(14)4-2-1-3-7-9-6(5-16-7)11-10(15)12-9/h6-7,9H,1-5H2,(H,13,14)(H2,11,12,15)/t6-,7-,9-/m0/s1/f/h11-13H
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C62H90N13O14P.CN.Co/c1-29-20-39-40(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-39)57-52(84)53(41(27-76)87-57)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)18-19-59(8)37(22-46(66)80)56-62(11)61(10,25-48(68)82)36(14-17-45(65)79)51(74-62)33(5)55-60(9,24-47(67)81)34(12-15-43(63)77)38(71-55)23-42-58(6,7)35(13-16-44(64)78)50(72-42)32(4)54(59)73-56;1-2;/h20-21,23,28,31,34-37,41,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,22,24-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;/q;-1;+3/p-1/t31?,34-,35-,36-,37+,41+,52?,53?,56?,57+,59-,60+,61+,62+;;/m1../s1/fC62H89N13O14P.CN.Co/h69,85H,63-68H2;;/q-1;2m/b42-23-,54-32-,55-33-;;
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9)/f/h7H2
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C8H11NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C17H20N4O6/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(5-11(23)14(25)12(24)6-22)15-13(18-9)16(26)20-17(27)19-15/h3-4,11-12,14,22-25H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,26,27)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1/f/h20H
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ InChI_Identifier Á¤º¸ InChI=1/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1/f/h13H2
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| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Biotin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 5-[(3aR,6S,6aS)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl]pentanoic acid
Cyanocobalamin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ Not Available
Nicotinamide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ pyridine-3-carboxamide
Pyridoxine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol
Riboflavin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
Thiamine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Chemical_IUPAC_Name Á¤º¸ 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol
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